1) Al-Jazeera, launched in 1996, is a major news network in the Middle East with an estimated audience of 35-50 million viewers. It provides an alternative to Western media perspectives and is popular for its on-the-ground war coverage. 2) However, Al-Jazeera is also controversial and has been accused of bias or acting as a propaganda tool. Critics argue it sensationalizes coverage and is too sympathetic to Islamist views, while supporters see it as fulfilling the journalistic role of bearing witness. 3) The document discusses different theories around news media and their relationship to politics, propaganda, and public opinion-forming during conflicts like the Iraq War. It also notes the rise