This document discusses reporting verbs used to report direct speech. It explains that some modal verbs like "should", "might", and "mustn't" do not change between direct and reported speech, while others like "can", "have to", and "must" change to "could", "had to", and "had to" respectively. It also outlines four patterns for using reporting verbs like "say", "tell", "decide", and "advise" followed by clauses or infinitives to report what was said.

1. REPORTING
VERBS (2)| UNIT 4

2. Modals that DO NOT CHANGE
Direct speech Reported speech
Should Should
Might Might
Mustn’t Mustn’t
“You should get a hair cut!”, said Mom.
 Mom said I should get a hair cut.
“I might go out tonight!, said Chase
 Chase said he might go out that night.
“you mustn’t eat that cheese”, said Sylvie
 Sylvie said I mustn’t eat the cheese.

3. Modal Changes
Direct speech Reported speech
Can Could
Have to Had to
Must Had to
“I can help you with the project!”, he said.
 He said he could help me with the project.
“I have to leave at three o’clock”, she said.
 She said she had to leave at three o’clock.
“I must drink some water”, he said.
 He said he had to drink some water.

4. Memorize the patterns:
Reporting verbs tell the function of what was
said.
Pattern 1
Reporting verbs: say | suggest | explain | admit | point out | complain | reply
 Say/suggest/etc. + (that) + clause
 Madison said (that) she wanted to buy a new cellphone.
 Nancy suggested (that) I should wear a coat.
 He complained (that) I never listen to him.
 The chef explained (that) it was an easy recipe to follow.

5. Pattern 2
Reporting verbs: tell | remind | convince | persuade | reassure | warn | promise
 tell/remind/etc. + object + (that) + clause
 Lucile told me (that) her boyfriend broke his leg.
 The teacher reminded me (that) I have to study for the exam.
 He assured her (that) there would be no delay.
 I promised my daughter (that) I will be around for Christmas.

6. Pattern 3
Reporting verbs: decide | offer | promise | refuse | threaten
 decide/offer/etc. + infinitive
 The president decided to close the border.
 The store manager offered to solve the problem.
 She promised to keep the party a secret!

7. Pattern 4
Reporting verbs: advise | order | warn | tell | remind | convince | persuade
 advise/order/etc. + object + infinitive
 She advised him to take an umbrella.
 he ordered me to sit down immediately.
 My father reminded me to pay the bill.