This document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech. Direct speech uses exact words from a speaker in quotation marks, while indirect speech conveys the meaning without using quotation marks. When changing from direct to indirect speech, verb tenses are typically changed to past tense. For example, "I am writing" would become "he said that he was writing." There are also specific rules for changing other verb forms and words like pronouns, adverbs of time and place. Exceptions may occur for universal truths, reporting verbs in the present tense, or when a simple past form remains unchanged.
QUATER-1-PE-HEALTH-LC2- this is just a sample of unpacked lesson
Reported Speech DIRECT INDIRECT.pdf
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5. DIRECT SPEECH -
•When we write exact words of a
writer or someone as has been said
or written, the structure is in the
direct tense. And exact words
written are in inverted comma or
quotation marks.
6. Examples-
1. He said, “I do not like her”.
2. She said, “Where are you going?”.
3. Sita said to students, “keep quiet in the library”.
4. He said, “Wow! How beautiful she is”.
7.
8. INDIRECT SPEECH -
•When we write the substance of what has been said
instead of exact words of somebody, the structure is in
indirect speech, and words are not put in the quotation
mark or inverted comma.
9. Examples-
1. He said that he did not like her.
2. She asked me where I was going.
3. Sita ordered the students to keep quiet in the
library.
4. He exclaimed with delight that she was very
beautiful.
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11. All the present tenses in the direct speech are
changed into corresponding past
tenses in the indirect speech.
14. 1. This - that
2 These - those
3 It - it
4. Now - then
5. Here - there
6. Hither - thither
7. Today - that day
8. Yesterday- the previous day/the day before
9. Tomorrow- the day after
10. Last night- previous night
11. Ago - before
12. Hence - thence
15.
16. 1. The girl said, “I love Chocolates”.
2. The girl said that she loved chocolates.
3. The teacher said, “I am in the classroom”.
4. The teacher said that he was in the classroom.
21. Another Example For You
•Helen: "I speak English and
Spanish."
•Helen said (that) she spoke English
and Spanish.
22. The present continuous form is
changed into the past continuous form.
•1. He said, “I am writing a letter”.
•2. He said that he was writing a letter.
•3. She said, “I am going to Bangalore”.
•4. She said that she was going to
Bangalore.
23. The present continuous form is
changed into the past continuous form.
•1. He said, “I am writing a letter”.
•2. He said that he was writing a letter.
•3. She said, “I am going to Bangalore”.
•4. She said that she was going to
Bangalore.
24. The present perfect tense of the verb is
changed into past perfect tense
•1. He said, “I have purchased a book”.
•2. He said that he had purchased a
book.
•3. She said, “I have got married long
time ago”.
•4. She said that she had got married
long time before”.
25. The present perfect continuous tense
changed into past perfect continuous tense
•1. She said, “I have been writing a
letter”.
•2. She said that she had been writing a
letter.
•3. He said, “I have been reading a book”.
•4. He said that he had been reading a
book
27. But sometimes the simple past tense in the
direct speech remains unchanged in the
direct speech or sometimes it is changed
into the past perfect tense
•1. He said, “I brought a book”.
•2. He said that he brought a book.
•3. He said that he had brought the
book.
28. And past continuous tense in the direct speech
changed into past perfect continuous
tense.
•1. She said, “I was reading a book”.
•2. She said that she had been
reading a letter.
•3. He said, “I was sitting in the class”.
•4. He said that he had been sitting in
the class.
29. If the sentence expresses universal truths or
common ideas the tense will not change
or can be changed
•1 He said, ‘The sun rises in the east.’
•2 He said that the sun rises/rose in the east
•3 They said, ‘The earth moves around the
sun.’
•4 They said that the earth moves/moved
around the sun.’
30. When the reporting verb is in present tense
there is no need to change the tense
•1 He says, ‘Rama is in Mysore.’
•2 He says that Rama is in Mysore.
•3 Keats says, ‘A thing of beauty is a joy
forever’
•4 Keats says that a thing of beauty is a joy
forever
31. The Nominative of the address in the direct
speech becomes the person spoken to the
in the indirect speech.
•1. Raju said, “Father, I want some money”.
•2. Raju told to father that he wanted some money”.
•3. The students said, “Teacher, we can’t understand
this problem”.
•4. The students told to teacher that they could not
understand that problem.
32. When the reporting verb is in present tense
there is no need to change the tense
•1 He says, ‘Rama is in Mysore.’
•2 He says that Rama is in Mysore.
•3 Keats says, ‘A thing of beauty is a joy
forever’
•4 Keats says that a thing of beauty is a joy
forever
