The Genderlogue entitled “Sexual Harassment of Women in Colleges and Universities: Concerns and Solutions” was envisaged as a means to initiate dialogue between internal committee members / the college administration and the concerned students. In the light of growing dissatisfaction with the slow and tedious process involved in filing a complaint with an ICC, the Genderlogue aimed to discuss solutions whereby justice is made possible for aggrieved women without compromising on the rights of the respondent. This Genderlogue attempted to deliberate on following points
: • An Overview: The situation of sexual harassment at campuses in Mumbai.
• Challenges of functioning of ICs and suggestions to address them.
• Male students and students of third gender under the purview of redressal system.
• Measures taken for building a gender sensitive TISS community and the redressal mechanism at TISS.
• Issues and concerns
Causes and control of unethical conducts in nigeria university system noun
cause and control of unethical conducts in Nigeria university system. The paper enumerated such unethical conducts to include: examination malpractices; secret cult activities; sexual harassment; sales of examination grades; poor in payment of leave allowance and promotion arrears among others. The paper went further to find some of the causes of unethical conducts to include: poor teaching; poor invigilation; poor remuneration, indecent dressing; weak leadership bad administration and failure to, implement government polices among others, further more, the paper went into the stridencies that could be sued in controlling unethical conducts in our university system, among which are establishment of anti-examination malpractice committee in every department, establishment of policy implement authority in schools or zones. In conclusion, the paper recommended the application of the dire cussed strategies as panacea to controlling of unethical behaviours in our university system.
Causes and control of unethical conducts in nigeria university system noun
cause and control of unethical conducts in Nigeria university system. The paper enumerated such unethical conducts to include: examination malpractices; secret cult activities; sexual harassment; sales of examination grades; poor in payment of leave allowance and promotion arrears among others. The paper went further to find some of the causes of unethical conducts to include: poor teaching; poor invigilation; poor remuneration, indecent dressing; weak leadership bad administration and failure to, implement government polices among others, further more, the paper went into the stridencies that could be sued in controlling unethical conducts in our university system, among which are establishment of anti-examination malpractice committee in every department, establishment of policy implement authority in schools or zones. In conclusion, the paper recommended the application of the dire cussed strategies as panacea to controlling of unethical behaviours in our university system.
Comparative study between student elections in Central universities of IndiaAnadi Anant
To know about the structure of student council between universities.
Awareness and excitement of elections in selected university.
Study to know about the effectiveness of these bodies into universities.
Impact of these activities on universities.
To know about the expenditure by the candidate in these elections.
The descriptive study on need for transformational change in Higher Education...inventionjournals
dia is hastening toward economic success and modernization, counting on high-tech industries such as information technology, bio-technology and Robotics to drive the nation to prosperity. The economic and cultural environmental factors have heavily impacted higher education system; the rapid changing economical, cultural, demographical and other factors have led to the faster pace of change in the higher education system. It is very important to update our education system and style as per the social and industrial norms. The higher education institutions are more important for cross border relationships and continuous global flows of public, information, technologies, and financial capital. Higher education focuses more on research based teaching rather than traditional way of classroom teaching. This paper focuses on history, development, challenges and need for changes in higher education for global scenario and emphasizes on teaching, research and consultancy requirement in higher education.
Analysis of Candidates’ Performance in Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examina...Olutosin Ademola Otekunrin
A major criterion for determining the eligibility of candidates for admission into Nigerian Universities was their performance in UTME and Post-UTME before the scrap of the Post-UTME in 2016. This study was therefore aimed at investigating the performance of students in UTME conducted by Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board (JAMB) and the Post-UTME conducted by the University of Ibadan from 2012/2013 to 2015/2016 with emphasis on gender and age-group performance in the two examinations. The secondary data used for this research comprised of the records of all 100 Level students admitted into the University from 2012/2013 to 2015/2016 academic sessions through UTME and Post-UTME. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics, independent samples t test and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient r. The results [(2012/13: 49.3%; 50.7%); (2013/14: 53.5%;46.5%); (2014/15: 53%;47%) and (2015/16: 53.3%;46.7%)], for male and female respectively showed that more male candidates were admitted compared to their female counterpart in each academic session except the 2012/2013 session that had higher female enrolment. More than 80% of the students were in the 16-20 age group. The independent t-test, for UTME and Post-UTME respectively, showed that the males had higher mean scores than the females and these mean scores were significant in all the sessions except in the 2015/16 session [(2012/13: P = .00; .04); (2013/14: P = .00; .03); (2014/15: P = .00; .00); (2015/16: P = .32; .29)]. The independent t-test for Post-UTME showed that the 16-20 age group had higher mean scores in the Post-UTME than the 21 & above age group in all the sessions but the only significant Post-UTME mean score for this group was in the 2012/13 session (P = .00).
Also, the independent t-test for UTME showed that the 21 & above age group had higher mean scores in the UTME than the 16-20 age group in all the sessions except the 2015/16 session but the only significant UTME mean score for this group was in the 2013/14 session (P = .03). The Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient r was 0.306, -0.351, 0.456 and 0.641 for 2012/2013, 2013/2014, 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 respectively. All the r values were positively significant at 5% level except the value of r which was negatively significant for 2013/2014 session.
The progressive and significant positive increase in the value of r in all the sessions except the 2013/2014 academic session suggested tacit support for the scrapping of the Post-UTME in the Nigerian University system.
A Study on Life Skills among Arts and Science College Studentsijtsrd
The study investigated life skills among college students. The respondents of the survey were 300 young adults aged 18 to 28 years from six colleges in Coimbatore. Life skills Development Inventory College Form was used to measure life skills in four domains interpersonal communication, decision making, health maintenance and identity development. The findings revealed there is a significant in a study on life skills among arts and science college students with respect to College Locality, Type of Group and Parents Education and not with Gender, Medium of Instruction, Type of Family and Parents Income. Ms. D. Siva Shankari | Dr. K. Eagavalli ""A Study on Life Skills among Arts and Science College Students"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25110.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/25110/a-study-on-life-skills-among-arts-and-science-college-students/ms-d-siva-shankari
Assessment of Student Welfare Programs in the State Universities and Colleges...ijtsrd
This study assessed the student welfare programs among state universities in Samar Island. The four 4 SUC's in Samar Island were selected as the locale of this study. These were the University of Eastern Philippines Main Campus Catarman , North West Samar State University Main Campus Calbayog City , Samar State University Main Campus Catbalogan City and Eastern Samar State University Main Campus Borongan City with the university presidents, deans directors of the Student Affairs and Services, personnel, and students as respondents. Frequency counts, percentages, and weighted mean computations were used to analyze the descriptive data obtained from the respondents of the study who were chosen through complete enumeration for presidents, deans directors and personnel and random sampling for the students, respectively. The status of implementation of the student welfare programs and services in different state universities in Samar Islands was rated very satisfactory on the different programs and services such as admission, career and placement service, economic enterprise development, food services, guidance and counseling, health services, information and orientation service, international student service, research, monitoring and evaluation of student affairs and services, safety and security, scholarship and financial assistance, services of students with special needs, student discipline, student handbook development, and student housing. Ronaldo A. Amit ""Assessment of Student Welfare Programs in the State Universities and Colleges of Samar Island"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23175.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/23175/assessment-of-student-welfare-programs-in-the-state-universities-and-colleges-of-samar-island/ronaldo-a-amit
Assessment of Premarital Sexual Practices and Associated Factors among Privat...AI Publications
Background Sexual activity among adolescent has been reported to be on the increasing worldwide. Globally, puberty is occurring earlier for both boys and girls, and the age at which people marry is rising. These leave a widening gap of time during which young adults can potentially engaged in premarital sexual activity. Therefore this study was done to assess pre-marital sexual practices and associated factors among private college students in Bahir Dar city, Northwest Ethiopia.
Method: An institution based cross-sectional study was employed in private college, Bahr Dar, North west Amhara, Ethiopia from July to December 2016. The sample size to each college was allocated using probability proportional to size (number of student) allocation, and study participants were selected by systematic sampling technique. A total of 402 students were included in the study. Pre-testing of the questionnaire was undertaken. Data was collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire through self administration. Data entry and analyses were performed using SPSS statistical packages (version 20 for Windows). Bivariate and Multivariable analysis were computed.
Result: : A total of 344 students took part in the survey. More than one fifth of survey respondents (23.3%) reported that they have had premarital sex. Multi--‐variate logistic regression analysis showed that male respondents were two times more likely to be have premarital sexual intercourse as compared to female respondents (AOR: 2.3,95% CI:1.4-4.1). Students who watch video, movies or other entertainment programs were more than five times more likely to start pre-marital sexual debut than those not watching video, movies or other entertainment programs (AOR: 5.5, 95%CI: 2.7-11.2).similarly work to earn money was found to be positively associated with premarital sex in this study (AOR: 3.2, 95% CI:1.8-5.7).
Conclusion and recommendation: A significant number of students had started pre marital sexual activity that might predispose them to varied sexual and reproductive health problems. Hence, sex education & targeted behavioural change interventions are recommended.
Whose is business is it? Violence Against Women at the University of the West...Taitu Heron
A precursory look at the occurence of violence against women students on one University campus in Kingston, Jamaica. The paper also examines the responses, capacity, what prevails on other university campuses and concludes with recommendations.
Comparative study between student elections in Central universities of IndiaAnadi Anant
To know about the structure of student council between universities.
Awareness and excitement of elections in selected university.
Study to know about the effectiveness of these bodies into universities.
Impact of these activities on universities.
To know about the expenditure by the candidate in these elections.
The descriptive study on need for transformational change in Higher Education...inventionjournals
dia is hastening toward economic success and modernization, counting on high-tech industries such as information technology, bio-technology and Robotics to drive the nation to prosperity. The economic and cultural environmental factors have heavily impacted higher education system; the rapid changing economical, cultural, demographical and other factors have led to the faster pace of change in the higher education system. It is very important to update our education system and style as per the social and industrial norms. The higher education institutions are more important for cross border relationships and continuous global flows of public, information, technologies, and financial capital. Higher education focuses more on research based teaching rather than traditional way of classroom teaching. This paper focuses on history, development, challenges and need for changes in higher education for global scenario and emphasizes on teaching, research and consultancy requirement in higher education.
Analysis of Candidates’ Performance in Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examina...Olutosin Ademola Otekunrin
A major criterion for determining the eligibility of candidates for admission into Nigerian Universities was their performance in UTME and Post-UTME before the scrap of the Post-UTME in 2016. This study was therefore aimed at investigating the performance of students in UTME conducted by Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board (JAMB) and the Post-UTME conducted by the University of Ibadan from 2012/2013 to 2015/2016 with emphasis on gender and age-group performance in the two examinations. The secondary data used for this research comprised of the records of all 100 Level students admitted into the University from 2012/2013 to 2015/2016 academic sessions through UTME and Post-UTME. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics, independent samples t test and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient r. The results [(2012/13: 49.3%; 50.7%); (2013/14: 53.5%;46.5%); (2014/15: 53%;47%) and (2015/16: 53.3%;46.7%)], for male and female respectively showed that more male candidates were admitted compared to their female counterpart in each academic session except the 2012/2013 session that had higher female enrolment. More than 80% of the students were in the 16-20 age group. The independent t-test, for UTME and Post-UTME respectively, showed that the males had higher mean scores than the females and these mean scores were significant in all the sessions except in the 2015/16 session [(2012/13: P = .00; .04); (2013/14: P = .00; .03); (2014/15: P = .00; .00); (2015/16: P = .32; .29)]. The independent t-test for Post-UTME showed that the 16-20 age group had higher mean scores in the Post-UTME than the 21 & above age group in all the sessions but the only significant Post-UTME mean score for this group was in the 2012/13 session (P = .00).
Also, the independent t-test for UTME showed that the 21 & above age group had higher mean scores in the UTME than the 16-20 age group in all the sessions except the 2015/16 session but the only significant UTME mean score for this group was in the 2013/14 session (P = .03). The Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient r was 0.306, -0.351, 0.456 and 0.641 for 2012/2013, 2013/2014, 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 respectively. All the r values were positively significant at 5% level except the value of r which was negatively significant for 2013/2014 session.
The progressive and significant positive increase in the value of r in all the sessions except the 2013/2014 academic session suggested tacit support for the scrapping of the Post-UTME in the Nigerian University system.
A Study on Life Skills among Arts and Science College Studentsijtsrd
The study investigated life skills among college students. The respondents of the survey were 300 young adults aged 18 to 28 years from six colleges in Coimbatore. Life skills Development Inventory College Form was used to measure life skills in four domains interpersonal communication, decision making, health maintenance and identity development. The findings revealed there is a significant in a study on life skills among arts and science college students with respect to College Locality, Type of Group and Parents Education and not with Gender, Medium of Instruction, Type of Family and Parents Income. Ms. D. Siva Shankari | Dr. K. Eagavalli ""A Study on Life Skills among Arts and Science College Students"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25110.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/25110/a-study-on-life-skills-among-arts-and-science-college-students/ms-d-siva-shankari
Assessment of Student Welfare Programs in the State Universities and Colleges...ijtsrd
This study assessed the student welfare programs among state universities in Samar Island. The four 4 SUC's in Samar Island were selected as the locale of this study. These were the University of Eastern Philippines Main Campus Catarman , North West Samar State University Main Campus Calbayog City , Samar State University Main Campus Catbalogan City and Eastern Samar State University Main Campus Borongan City with the university presidents, deans directors of the Student Affairs and Services, personnel, and students as respondents. Frequency counts, percentages, and weighted mean computations were used to analyze the descriptive data obtained from the respondents of the study who were chosen through complete enumeration for presidents, deans directors and personnel and random sampling for the students, respectively. The status of implementation of the student welfare programs and services in different state universities in Samar Islands was rated very satisfactory on the different programs and services such as admission, career and placement service, economic enterprise development, food services, guidance and counseling, health services, information and orientation service, international student service, research, monitoring and evaluation of student affairs and services, safety and security, scholarship and financial assistance, services of students with special needs, student discipline, student handbook development, and student housing. Ronaldo A. Amit ""Assessment of Student Welfare Programs in the State Universities and Colleges of Samar Island"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23175.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/23175/assessment-of-student-welfare-programs-in-the-state-universities-and-colleges-of-samar-island/ronaldo-a-amit
Assessment of Premarital Sexual Practices and Associated Factors among Privat...AI Publications
Background Sexual activity among adolescent has been reported to be on the increasing worldwide. Globally, puberty is occurring earlier for both boys and girls, and the age at which people marry is rising. These leave a widening gap of time during which young adults can potentially engaged in premarital sexual activity. Therefore this study was done to assess pre-marital sexual practices and associated factors among private college students in Bahir Dar city, Northwest Ethiopia.
Method: An institution based cross-sectional study was employed in private college, Bahr Dar, North west Amhara, Ethiopia from July to December 2016. The sample size to each college was allocated using probability proportional to size (number of student) allocation, and study participants were selected by systematic sampling technique. A total of 402 students were included in the study. Pre-testing of the questionnaire was undertaken. Data was collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire through self administration. Data entry and analyses were performed using SPSS statistical packages (version 20 for Windows). Bivariate and Multivariable analysis were computed.
Result: : A total of 344 students took part in the survey. More than one fifth of survey respondents (23.3%) reported that they have had premarital sex. Multi--‐variate logistic regression analysis showed that male respondents were two times more likely to be have premarital sexual intercourse as compared to female respondents (AOR: 2.3,95% CI:1.4-4.1). Students who watch video, movies or other entertainment programs were more than five times more likely to start pre-marital sexual debut than those not watching video, movies or other entertainment programs (AOR: 5.5, 95%CI: 2.7-11.2).similarly work to earn money was found to be positively associated with premarital sex in this study (AOR: 3.2, 95% CI:1.8-5.7).
Conclusion and recommendation: A significant number of students had started pre marital sexual activity that might predispose them to varied sexual and reproductive health problems. Hence, sex education & targeted behavioural change interventions are recommended.
Whose is business is it? Violence Against Women at the University of the West...Taitu Heron
A precursory look at the occurence of violence against women students on one University campus in Kingston, Jamaica. The paper also examines the responses, capacity, what prevails on other university campuses and concludes with recommendations.
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Originality Report
Processed on: 09-Jan-2020 1:14 PM GMTID: 117374291 Word Count: 2659Submitted: 3
girl's education
By Wanger Zhong
Similarity Index
35%
Similarity by Source
Internet Sources:34%Publications:3%Student Papers:10%
31% match (Internet from 01-Apr-2015)
http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/CEDAW/Report_attacks_on_girls_Feb2015.pdf
2% match (Internet from 21-Oct-2018)
http://www.crin.org/en/library/publications/un-report-attacks-against-girls-education-occurring-increasing-regularity
1% match (student papers from 05-May-2015)
Submitted to Buffalo State College on 2015-05-05
1% match (student papers from 25-Jul-2019)
Submitted to Group Colleges Australia on 2019-07-25
1% match (publications)
"International Human Rights of Women", Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2019
Title: “Access to girls’ education in Pakistan” Date: “” Submitted by: “” Submitted to: “” Course: “” University: “” Pakistan is struggling with the girl’s education for many decades due the local and global factors. Introduction The privilege of training has been recognized in global law and strategy as a 'multiplier right', that when completely acknowledged, empowers right-holders to get to a wide scope of human rights. The focal point of worldwide consideration on young ladies' training perceives its synergist job in advancing substantive balance among men and ladies and as a way to improve wellbeing, monetary, political, social and social improvement results all thr ...
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
I remember writing this out with Ashley over a weekend in DC in my office, around a training we were asked to deliver at UMD, based on our experiences at GW and CU; and starting SAFER with Sarah, Jeff, and Ashley out of our shared experiences. Amazing how much I've been thinking about that this past year. Sad and yet reflective how far we've come in 20 years.
A STUDY ON QUALITY OF LIFE OF WOMEN IN THANJAVUR DISTRICTIAEME Publication
Women tend to be more vulnerable to exploitation of various kinds, such as sexual harassment, domestic violence and exploitation in the workplace. Women also tend to be relatively easy targets of sexual exploitation, particularly if they are economically backward. They are deprived of political, social, economic and health opportunities. This study was interested to concentrate on to identify the quality of life of women in Thanjavur district. The researcher also focused to analyze the marital status, emotional disturbance, social attitude, Abuse and violence against women and quality of life of women. The sample size for the present study is 160 they were selected through stratified disproportionate random sampling method. The study observed that majority of the women are not having knowledge about act/laws for securing equal rights and opportunities for women, along with state/national policies for women. And half of the respondents have had low level of quality of work life. Women have different requirements and problems, which need to be addressed accordingly through specific interventions in areas like education, accessibility, training and employment, social security and protection for improving the status and quality of women.
Assessment of Public Information Influence on Sexual Harassment of Men by Wom...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Sexual harassment is a corrupt practice that exists in society. It involves undue pressure on a specific gender in order to exploit sexual interest by an opposite sex. It becomes necessary to ascertain if male lecturers in tertiary institution are sexually harassed by female students in their bid to take advantage of sexual exploits on their victims. This study investigates the veracity of claims that female students are not the only victims of sexual harassment in tertiary institutions, in spite of public information suggesting such an experience. Students resident in Awka town were used in the study. The attribution theory was considered apt in the investigation since it bothers on attitudes and behaviour related to processed information. The survey research method was also considered apt since it is the view of persons, particularly students, who experience the phenomenon in their respective institutions that is required as basis for the assessment. Results from the study are expected to show if public information exerts any influence in curbing sexual harassment of males, assuming it exits
Quest in Eeducation Aapril 2018 ISSN 00486434VIBHUTI PATEL
We request authors to send their original research-based articles and book reviews on issues concerning education. As Quest in Education publishes peer-reviewed articles, the authors should be ready to wait for seeing their article in print.
Flirting is Not Consent. Ask Everyone, Every Time” DesiShainaBoling829
“Flirting is Not Consent.
Ask Everyone, Every Time”
Designing, Implementing, and Evaluating a Health
Communication Campaign to Prevent Sexual Violence
CASESin PUBLIC HEALTHCOMMUNICATION & MARKETING
Peer-Reviewed Case Study
Suggested citation: Haas, E.J.; Mattson, M.; Wilkinson, K. “Flirting is Not Consent. Ask Everyone,
Every Time”: Designing, Implementing, and Evaluating a Health Communication Campaign to Prevent
Sexual Violence. Cases in Public Health Communication & Marketing. 2011;5:47-74. Available from:
www.casesjournal.org/volume5.
Volume V, Winter 2011
Emily Joy Haas, MA 1
Marifran Mattson, PhD 2
Kathlyn Wilkinson, MPH 3
www.casesjournal.org
1 Purdue University, Indiana Campus Sexual Assault Primary Prevention Project
and Brian Lamb School of Communication
2 Purdue University, Brian Lamb School of Communication
3 Purdue University, Student Health Center
Corresponding Author:
Emily Joy Haas, Purdue University Student Health Center,
601 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2052. Email: [email protected]
48
www.casesjournal.org
Abstract
Research shows that sexual assault is one of the most pervasive
problems on college and university campuses. Some research also
indicates that sexual assault is the most common violent crime
committed in campus communities. This case study describes and
analyzes the development, implementation and evaluation of a
social marketing campaign for a university committed to the pri-
mary prevention of sexual violence. The Health Communication
Campaign Framework provided theoretical and practical guidance
for the working group during all phases of the campaign process.
Campaign messages were designed to educate students about what
consent is and to increase their comfort level in obtaining verbal,
sober consent before having sex. The campaign also is critically
analyzed with recommendations for how to address a sensitive is-
sue, such as sexual violence, in messages displayed throughout a
campus community.
Key Words: Social Marketing, Health Communication Campaign
Framework, Sexual Violence, Primary Prevention, Message Design
49
www.casesjournal.org
Introduction
Sexual violence is one of the most pervasive
problems on college and university cam-
puses,1 and the most common violent crime
committed in campus communities.2 Sexual
violence encompasses a range of offenses
that are perpetrated against someone’s will,
including a completed, nonconsensual sex
act; an attempted nonconsensual sex act;
and an abusive sexual contact.3 Every two
minutes someone is raped in the United
States (U.S.) and the chances of being raped
are four times greater for a female college
student than any other individual.4 Re-
search suggests that 3% of college women
are raped during a nine month academic
period and 20-25% of women experience a
completed or attempted rape during their
four to five years spent in college.5 Also,
a study of experiences among college stu-
d ...
Similar to Report of Genderlogue, Mumbai by ACWS-SDS-TISS, Mumbai and FES & WPC, Delhi, 30-11-2017 (20)
Vibhuti Patel: SDG 8: Decent Work & Economic Growth, The Urban World Vol. 12,...VIBHUTI PATEL
The SDG 8 in the Indian Context articulated by Niti Ayog proclaims sustained economic growth, higher levels of productivity and technological innovation. Encouraging entrepreneurship and job creation are key to this, as are effective measures to eradicate forced labour, slavery and human trafficking. With these targets in mind, the goal is to achieve full and productive employment, and decent work, for all women and men by 2030. The GoI has stated Skill India Mission, stand up India Mission, Start-up India Mission and Mudra Lona schemes for generation of self-employment over last 5 years. But in reality work participation as well as quality of Indian women have declined drastically.
Vibhuti Patel Human Rights Movement in india Social Change, Sage, vol. 40, no...VIBHUTI PATEL
Human rights movement in India got its germination during the Emergency
Rule during 1975–1977 and developed during the post Emergency period.
Two major trends were marked by Civil liberties concerns and the rights
based perspectives. In the last 35 years, the human rights movement has been
enriched by collective wisdom emerging from the tribal movement, peasant
struggles, environmental movement, women’s liberation movement, child rights
movement, dalit movement and struggles of the differently abled persons. The
state and the mainstream institutions have had love hate relationships with
different types of human rights movements at different phases of history.Human rights movement in India got its germination during the Emergency
Rule during 1975–1977 and developed during the post Emergency period.
Two major trends were marked by Civil liberties concerns and the rights
based perspectives. In the last 35 years, the human rights movement has been
enriched by collective wisdom emerging from the tribal movement, peasant
struggles, environmental movement, women’s liberation movement, child rights
movement, dalit movement and struggles of the differently abled persons. The
state and the mainstream institutions have had love hate relationships with
different types of human rights movements at different phases of history.
Intensifying Complexities in the Global Context, People's reporter Vol. 32 no...VIBHUTI PATEL
Market fundamentalism of
neo-liberal economic
globalisation, religious
chauvinism and cultural
nationalism, financialisation of
the world economy, right wing
sectarian political leadership
both locally and globally,
valorisation of toxic patriarchy
and hyper masculinity with
hyper nationalism and jingoism
by globally controlled media
barons have intensified
complexities in governance,
polity, livelihood and survival
struggles in the midst of
climate change, for the mass of
rural and urban workers,
peasants, forest dwellers/
tribals, fisher folks, petty
traders, small scale
industrialists, sexual minorities
and women.
Vacha resource centre for Women Girls annual report 2018 19VIBHUTI PATEL
Vacha has impacted the lives of 77784 individuals through its creative and engaging programmes in Mumbai, Thane and Palghar Districts for building capacities in different areas.
Out of these, 70343 were extension beneficiaries, who have attended our events such as street play performances, meetings, rallies, newsletter release functions and public debates. Of these, 70 % were girls and women and 30% were boys and men
A total of 7441 i.e. 10 per cent were direct beneficiaries, who enrolled themselves for Vacha’s regular sessions, workshops, trainings, career fairs, gender and health fairs and camps and film screenings with follow up discussions on gender issues. Of these, 48% were girls, 23% were boys, 25% were women and 2% were men. We work with boys as they too are deprived, though the prevalent son preference gives them a preference at home for education and mobility. However with gender sensitisation, teenage boys become an excellent support group for girls, and together with girls in equal leadership roles, work on community issues.
The community residents (contemptuously called ‘slum dwellers’ though they themselves identify with the term basti for the community) are usually migrants from socioeconomically backward and very poor districts who have come in search of livelihood. Girls are affected in multiple ways as, besides the over arching gender and poverty issues many of them belong to religious and linguistic minorities. All of them have to deal with the orthodox mind set of elders as they still follow rather feudal practices of their villages.
3
Districts
6
Wards
48 Schools
15
Communities
5
Colleges
Vacha
Women Studies in Academic Disciplines: 6
Disciplining the Disciplines
- Prof. Maithreyi Krishnaraj
Transgression versus Transcendence an Analysis of 54
Dynamics of Women’s Sexuality in the Indian Epics
Rāmāyaṇa and Mahābhārata
- Dr. Sarla Santwani
Women, Work and Empowerment: 70
A Case Study of the IT Sector
- Priyanka Dwivedi
The promise of the #MeToo movement for preventing and 83
reporting sexual harassment
- Dr. Linda Lane
Contribution of Socio-Cultural Factors in 96
Crime against Women
- Dr. Jasmine Damle
Identities and Negotiations between Women Householders and 113
Domestic Workers: A Case Study of Select Areas of Aligarh
- Dr. Tauseef Fatima and Dr. Shafey Anwarul Haque
Workplace Discrimination against Women in 130
the Formal Sector: Bias in the Quality of Work in
the Metropolitan Cities of India
- Dr. Sampriti Biswas
BOOK REVIEW
Political Feminism in India an Analysis of Actors, 152
Debates and Strategies
- Dr. Shital Tamakuwala
Women’s Employment: Work in Progress 156
- Ms Damyanty Sridharan
STATEMENTS
AIDWA and FAOW 158
SC judges in matter of Complaint of 158
sexual harassment against CJI
Golden jubilee lecture for css, surat prof. vibhuti patelVIBHUTI PATEL
Main concerns of women’s movement in India have been:
• Men outnumber women in India, unlike in most countries where the reverse is the case.
• Majority of women go through life in a state of nutritional stress - they are anaemic and malnourished. Girls and women face nutritional discrimination within the family, eating last and least.
• The average Indian woman has little control over her own fertility and reproductive health.
• Literacy rate is lower in women as compared to men and far fewer girls than boys go to school. Even when girls are enrolled, many of them drop out of school.
• Women’s work is undervalued and unrecognized. Women work longer hours than men and carry the major share of household and community work, which is unpaid and invisible.
• Once ‘women’s work’ is professionalized, there is practically a monopoly on it by men. For example, the professional chefs are still largely men. The Sexual Division of Labour ensures that women will always end up as having to prioritize unpaid domestic work over paid work. It is not a ‘natural’ biological difference that lies behind the sexual division of labour, but certain ideological assumptions.
• Women generally earn a far lower wage than men doing the same work, despite the Equal Remuneration Act of 1976. In no State do women and men earn equal wages in agriculture.
• Women are under-represented in various bodies of governance as well as decision-making positions in both public and private sectors.
• Women are legally discriminated against in land and property rights. Most women do not own property in their own names and do not get a share of parental property.
• Women face violence inside and outside the family throughout their lives.
Prof. Vibhuti Patel Food Price Volatility in India, Vidura July-September 2019VIBHUTI PATEL
At a time when hunger, food and nutrition security of the population and food sovereignty itself are at
stake, Vibhuti Patel looks at the effects of agricultural liberalisation in India, the dynamics of the food
market, the double standards of the developed nations, the failure of the Doha round of Trade Talks,
and possible remedies. Developing social safety nets for the socio-economically marginalised and poor
famers as well as urban, rural and tribal consumers needs the combined and concerted efforts of state
and non-state players,
Prof. Vibhuti Patel & Ms. Radhika Khajuria Hindi Bharat me Rajnaitik NaarivadVIBHUTI PATEL
Last 50 years of feminist activism in India has managed to challenge the 5000 years of patriarchal order by striking at root of exploitation and oppression, subjugation and degradation of women by deconstructing covert and overt violence against women in personal and public lives, to question pillars of male domination within family, kinship networks, organized religion, media and state. Series of legal reforms with respect to family laws dealing with marriage, divorce, custody of child/children, maintenance, inheritance; domestic violence; sexual violence, workplace harassment, maternity benefits and gender budgeting have become the part of an official agenda due to feminist movement. For this, pioneers of women’s rights movement and women’s studies scholars worked in unison.
Prof. Vibhuti Patel on "Draft Natinal higher Education Policy, 2019"People's ...VIBHUTI PATEL
The Draft National Education
Policy (DNEP)- 2019 is a serious
effort of the inter-disciplinary
committee chaired by
Dr. Kasturirangan, that included
Prof. Vasudha Kamath,
Prof. Manjul Bhargava,
Prof. Ram Shankar Kureel,
Prof. T.V. Kattimani, Sri. Krishna
Mohan Tripathi, Prof. Mazhar
Asif, Prof. M.K. Sridhar and
Dr. Shakila T. Shamsu.
It discusses content,
modalities, infrastructure and
support services for academic
excellence from early childhood
education till the post doctorate
research. The draft emphasises
integrating vocational education
into all schools, colleges and
universities. It highlights the
need for adult education,
promotion of Indian languages
and transformative education.
Vibhuti patel long march of indian women asian age 14 4-2019 pg11VIBHUTI PATEL
For the 17th Lok Sabha election,
major political parties
have again shied away
from fielding women. The
Bharatiya Janata Party
(BJP) and Congress, two of the
biggest political outfits in the country,
have given less than 12 per cent
seats to women.
Under-representation of women in
seat distribution for candidature in
the Upper and Lower Houses of the
Parliament of India and for
Legislative Assemblies and
Legislative Councils of the state
government has been debated in
SAARC countries time and again.
Our neighbouring countries have
women’s quota in parliament as follows:
Bangladesh - 13 per cent (2008),
Pakistan - 17.5 per cent (2002) and
Nepal - 33 per cent (2016).
Health Action Sustainable Development Goals April 2019. ISSN: 0970-471XVIBHUTI PATEL
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs-2015-2030) are a derivative of the Millennium Development Goals (2000-2015), which spell out the following values: freedom, equality, solidarity, tolerance, respect for nature, and shared responsibility. They are a clarion call of 189 governments, on behalf of their citizens, to “free our fellow men, women and children from the abject and dehumanizing conditions of extreme poverty, to which more than a billion of them are currently subjected”.
Population fFirst Nnewsletter fFeb april 2019VIBHUTI PATEL
Gender promises made by the state gets translated into gender
responsive budgetary commitments of the Union ministries and
departments. Like previous years, The Gender Budget Statement
(GBS) for the year 2019-20, in its Part A has provided schemes and
programmes 100% targeted for women and Part B had given the
schemes that are expected to use minimum of 30 per cent of the total
allocation for women and girls. The GBS is significant as it is the only
source of verifiable, quantitative information on government's efforts
at ensuring budgetary commitments towards women. The overall
financial allocation for the Union for 2019-20 (BE) is Rs. 1,31,700
crore, while the same for 2018-19 (BE) was Rs 1,24,367 crore. Thus
there is an increase of Rs. 7333 crores in the current budget
People’s power to defend themselves
against life threatening and ever
increasing economic crisis and social
strife, is the need of the hour. ‘Power to
the People’ can correct damages done
by inhuman macro-economic policies
that attack basic survival base of the
poor and the marginalised sections of
the society namely workers, poor and
marginal farmers, Dalits, Tribals, and
ethnic/religious minorities.
Experiences of the past 40 years have
shown how the social movements put
pressure on societal systems to
accelerate transformation, respond
directly to the experiences of people and
ensure social security and social
protection. The Right Based Approach
concerned about human development
that includes health, education,
employment, representation in decision
making bodies, and the
democratic processes in governance,
have resulted in the transformation of
people’s lives for the better.
Laxmi menon and vibhuti patel grinding realitiesVIBHUTI PATEL
Women constitute a majority of the work force in the informal sector
everywhere. The informal sector is unregulated, unprotected, supports the
formal sector and so matches the profile of women in a society organised on
patriarchal values and practices. In South Asia, more than 90 per cent of the
workforce is employed in the informal economy. The informal economy also
acts as a sponge, absorbing retrenched, uneducated and untrained workers.
Though women workers in the informal economy (the unorganised sector)
are engaged in employment activities which contribute significantly to the
GDP of a country, their economic and social contribution remains hidden,
under or unvalued. The heterogeneous nature of the informal economy
ranging from part time and irregular workers in East Asia to home based, self
employed, sub contract workers in South east and South Asia, makes
computing the economic as well as social contribution by workers of this
sector difficult.
We invite authors to send their research based articles, book reviews, statements, poems, etc. for publication in this peer reviewed and globally circulated journal. Prof. Vibhuti Patel and Dr. Ananda Amritmahal
We invite authors to send their research based articles, book reviews, statements, poems, etc. for publication in this peer reviewed and globally circulated journal.
Prof. Vibhuti Patel and Dr. Ananda Amritmahal
Quest in Education July 2018 ISSN: 0048-6434VIBHUTI PATEL
We request authors to send their original research-based articles and book reviews on issues concerning education. As Quest in Education publishes peer-reviewed articles, the authors should be ready to wait for seeing their article in print.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...
Report of Genderlogue, Mumbai by ACWS-SDS-TISS, Mumbai and FES & WPC, Delhi, 30-11-2017
1. 1
Sexual Harassment of Women in Colleges and Universities:
Concerns and Solutions
Report
16th
November 2017
Library Conference Hall, TISS, Mumbai
Women Power Connect – Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai – Friedrich Ebert Stiftung
2. 2
Introduction
The Genderlogue entitled “Sexual Harassment of Women in Colleges and Universities: Concerns and
Solutions” was envisaged as a means to initiate dialogue between internal committee members /
the college administration and the concerned students. In the light of growing dissatisfaction with
the slow and tedious process involved in filing a complaint with an ICC, the Genderlogue aimed to
discuss solutions whereby justice is made possible for aggrieved women without compromising on
the rights of the respondent.
This Genderlogue attempted to deliberate on following points:
• An Overview: The situation of sexual harassment at campuses in Mumbai.
• Challenges of functioning of ICs and suggestions to address them.
• Male students and students of third gender under the purview of redressal system.
• Measures taken for building a gender sensitive TISS community and the redressal
mechanism at TISS.
• Issues and concerns of female students.
• A way forward.
In the aftermath of the Nirbhaya incident of December 12th, 2012 UGC constituted a Task Force, in
order to assess the situation of safety of women and youth in general at university campuses and
colleges across India.1 In December 2013, the Task Force came out with a report entitled,
“Saksham— Measures for Ensuring the Safety of Women and Programmes for Gender Sensitization
on Campuses”.2 The report emphasized that lack of gender sensitivity among students, faculty in all
disciplines, support staff and administration continues to be a serious concern in higher education
institutions of the country. There is a culture of silence and lack of clarity on the issue of
discrimination and harassment. Further, it was observed that there is a problem of protectionism in
colleges, wherein, colleges and universities have policies that require women to adhere to strict
hostel norms, restrictions on the movements of women students, intake forms that require
information pertaining to marital status of women students, or other means whereby women are
restricted from participating in academics and other aspects of college life. The report also
underscores the importance of alternative civic redressal system for responding to the issue of
sexual harassment in the higher education institutions.
The task force recommended several measures including setting up of a gender sensitization unit
within UGC; gender sensitization training for all the members of higher educational institutions and
including a gender audit component in the evaluation process of the NAAC for its assessment and
accreditation procedures.
1
Information accessed at https://www.ugc.ac.in/ugc_notices.aspx?id=1161 on 26/09/2017
2
Information accessed at https://www.ugc.ac.in/pdfnews/6449649_English.pdf on 26/09/2017
3. 3
On 2nd May 2016, Ministry of Human Resource Development (University Grant Commission)
notified University Grants Commission (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal of Sexual
Harassment of Women Employees and Students in Higher Educational Institutions) Regulations,
2015.3 The document entails responsibilities of educational institutions, grievance redressal
mechanism, and process for making complaint and conducting inquiry, interim redressal,
punishment and compensation, and consequences of non-compliance. It is important to underscore
that the UGC Regulations 2015 direct all higher education institutions to “act decisively against all
gender based violence perpetuated against employees and students of all sexes recognizing that
primarily women employees and students and some male students and students of the third gender
are vulnerable to many forms of sexual harassment and humiliation and exploitation”4, making
space for male students and students of third gender to lodge complaints against sexual harassment
faced by them.
The GenderLogue was moderated by Dr. Bindhulakshmi, Associate Professor, Advanced Centre for
Women’s Studies who provided background of the event in terms of global impact of mind boggling
revelations made by “Me Too” and national discourse as a result of “Him Too” campaigns on social
media.
Ms. Damyanty Shreedharan, Senior Programme Officer of FES provided the genesis of
GenderLogue on Women and Work, Violence against Women, Political Feminism in different parts
of India over last one decade.
Ms. Gayatri Sharma, Director, WPC introduced activities of WomenPowerConnect in terms of
networking, research, lobbying on gender concerns.
Prof. R.Ramakumar, Dean, School of Development Studies, TISS
Despite being one of the most vibrant centres in the universities, Centres for Women’s Studies in
colleges and university spaces are not receiving policy friendly responses and support especially in
terms of funding and job-security. In this context, it is challenging for the centre to sustain their
activities within the university spaces.
Recent disclosure of the list of scholars allegedly involved in sexual assault incidences has been an
important wake up call for the administration of the universities and colleges that are responsible
for addressing the complaints on sexual harassment. It has also created new space for a discussion
in women’s studies.
It is important to understand that there is no undermining of the due process. However, it is also
crucial to state that the principle of natural justice has not built confidence among women and girls.
Girls and women in academic institutions continue to feel vulnerable and believe that their
complaints have not been addressed adequately. Many a times the system has been biased against
3
Information accessed at https://www.ugc.ac.in/pdfnews/7203627_UGC_regulations-harassment.pdf on
26/09/2017
4
Refer to Section 3.1 (d) of the University Grants Commission (Prevention, prohibition and redressal of sexual
harassment of women employees and students in higher education institutions) Regulations, 2015.
4. 4
them and their complaints have not reached any logical conclusion. Therefore, urgent measures are
needed to be taken to address the gaps and to ensure that confidence and trust is built among
women in academia that universities and colleges are safe spaces.
While one would not completely agree with all the aspects of recent events followed by the
disclosure of the list, however, one still believes that this moment has a great democratic potential
in making campuses safe spaces.
Lot of times men in academia do not appreciate as to what constitutes sexual harassment. Several at
times, male faculties send messages to female students late night with no particular sexual content.
When that persists for longer time, student approaches the committee. When the committee
confronts the faculty, it takes several sittings with the concerned faculty to make them realize that
their actions were inappropriate. There may be genuine cases and gray areas; however, it is
precisely for this reason that we do need awareness programmes to clearly reinstate as to what is
acceptable and what is unacceptable behavior.
There is a simple rule that when a male faculty is having a meeting with female student in their
room, the door of the room should remain open. However, many faculty members do not follow this
just because they do not appreciate the importance of it. Therefore, it is extremely essential to have
programmes for both male and female members in academia to make them acquainted on the
importance of this issue, different dimensions it has and how to respond at individual and
institutional level.
Prof. Vibhuti Patel
Chairperson, Advanced Centre for Women’s Studies, School of Development Studies, TISS
Before Vishakha judgment, in Mumbai University and colleges, most of the incidents of the sexual
harassment at the workplace, were reported by the women contract teachers and women
contractual staff. They approached women’s rights organizations with their complaints. Students
and teachers who faced sexual harassment approached Bombay University and College Teachers’
Association (BUCTU).
In response to Vishakha Directive, BUCTU organized a seminar, several college and university
teachers, UG & PG students and M. Phil. /Ph.D. scholars shared their testimonies of sexual
harassment and abuse. BUCTU also lobbied for formulation of Women Development Policy with
twin objective of grievance redressal in case of sexual harassment and sustained gender
sensitisation. This resulted in a few changes at the institutional level. For instance, whenever
students were to be sent for the field work, internships or outside the colleges, they were sent in
groups accompanied by a woman faculty. The entire issue of sexual harassment was seen from the
perspective of “moral turpitude”.
The criminal procedures used by the students and faculty were the section 354 (obscene behavior
and outraging modesty) and the section 509 (insult the modesty of a woman), wherein it was
discretion of police officers as to how they interpreted obscenity or outranging modesty. However,
5. 5
the response of police to these cases was shoddier. In several cases, police officials mediated by
asking girls to tie a rakhi to boys.
Several cases were reported in the nursing colleges and hospitals of the South Bombay. A code of
conduct was recommended to address the issue by Nurses Union.
King Edward Memorial (KEM) hospital and JJ hospital commissioned a study of sexual harassment
faced by the students in the medical colleges which was supported by the Maharashtra State
Commission of Women and conducted by Research Centre for women’s Studies, SNDT Women’s
University, Mumbai. This study was important in terms of bringing new procedures and new code
of conduct in the medical colleges.
Even after Vishakha directive 1997, teachers union had to pressurize the universities authorities to
come up with Women Development Cell at college levels. Finally, in 2002, the Management Council
of Mumbai University passed the resolution and 750 colleges under the jurisdiction of Mumbai
University had Women Development Cells. The WDCs had a twin objective of gender sensitization
and grievance redressal. There were more than 216 women teachers, staff and students who
approached the University level WDC within two years of setting up Women Development Cells.
However, women were reluctant to give their complaints in writing. Only one staff of university of
department, group of teachers from 2 colleges, temporary teacher of a college and 2 research
scholars gave their written complaints during 2002-2004. Still the WDC acted on women’s verbal
complaint by reporting to the Vice Chancellor and tried to get immediate relief for the complainant.
When series of workshop classes were started with the cluster of colleges, several misogynistic
misconceptions among participants were addressed. Both students and teachers made statements
such as “there is no smoke without fire”, “man is a hunter and a woman is a prey”, “Women secretly
enjoy the attention they get from the males when they pass comments on their bodies” , and
“Women’s ‘No’ means ‘YES’”. It was also believed that women lacked sense of humor if they
complained to the committees.
There was procedural training for the office bearers of the Women Development Cell. Saksham
report has recommendations on gender sensitization. University Grants Commission, Ministry of
Human Resource Development and Ministry of Home Department, Government of Maharashtra ask
for quarterly reports on the activities conducted by the colleges in regard to the issue of sexual
harassment and gender sensitization.
When we see the last twenty years of work on sexual harassment (1997-2017), there has been
complete exhaustion and erosion of faith in “due process” on the part of survivors of sexual
harassment. In a case of one engineering college, there were several complaints against one faculty.
However, women development cell refused to take any measure. As a result many women students
started dropping out of the classes, and students who stayed performed poorly because of the
stress of continued verbal sexual abuse in the class by teacher. It was only after the external expert
belonging to a woman rights organization insisted that an action should be taken, Women
Development Cell of the college took the complaints seriously.
6. 6
Whenever, there are complaints registered against the male faculty, responses from the colleagues
are not forthcoming. Often they empathize with the person against whom the complaint has been
filed in these words, “Poor thing, he got caught (sic)!” It is discouraging when people at the highest
authority, who have been given the responsibility to make sure that the sexual harassment at the
workplace Act, 2013 (SHW Act, 2013) is implemented, lack sensitivity, do not take the reported
cases seriously and undermine the law and its due procedures. In this context, then what can
students and women faculty really do? Even when the accused is punished, woman continues to
face discrimination from various quarters. She is marked as a ‘”trouble maker” and her entire image
is eroticized for the rest of her career. There is tremendous psychological trauma that women
undergo, while the men accused comes out unscathed in terms of social acceptance. The office
environment is often hostile to a woman complainant. However, it is important to have a discussion
on the issue of “due process” and its limitations in a non-threatening environment.
Also, in the context of the ethics of dissertation-supervision for Master’s degree / M.Phil. / Ph.D.
where teachers have unilateral power in terms of making or breaking a career of the students needs
a serious examination.
Dr. Chayanika Shah, Forum against Oppression of Women, Mumbai
Dr. Chayanika Shah referred to the hierarchical nature of the SHW Act, 2013 which limits the role of
the ICC to providing recommendations. The members are often nominated and not elected. This
leaves a great deal of power to the employer. The Act mirrors hierarchies that exist in reality in
campuses across India. The faculty has responsibility for students, which needs to be realized. A
fine balance needs to be struck between the responsibility of faculty members to their students, and
exertion of power and dominance.
Earlier, universities and colleges were accessible to upper caste and upper class males. Gradually,
people from other marginalized identities started accessing these spaces. However, process and
mechanism within the universities and colleges continue to maintain hierarchical relationships and
are discriminatory in nature.
Admission of other marginalized identities to universities cannot be the only way towards
inclusion. The question remains as how to initiate processes for equality and justice in the
universities which are inherently discriminatory spaces?
Further, universities and colleges are perceived as safe spaces, wherein, young adults have privilege
and leisure to explore and understand their self. However, people are taken aback when they
experience discrimination within these spaces.
Moreover, there is an intimacy of classroom, intimacy created due to peer interactions, living in the
hostels and campuses. Also, there is an intimacy in teachers-students interactions. There is a great
imbalance of power within teacher-student relationship. Teachers and faculty do not reflect on the
nature of power they execute. Moreover, universities do not offer spaces where conversations on it
could be initiated and mechanisms where they could be collective learning on this.
7. 7
In order to make universities and colleges non-discriminatory, several measures needs to be taken.
For instance, existing pedagogies, curriculum, evaluation methods, and power hierarchy within the
university needs to be examined. Unless there are processes and mechanisms wherein
conversations on such issues could be initiated and held safely, nothing much could be achieved by
establishing committees.
It is within this context, the deliberation on sexual harassment needs to be located. Establishing
Internal Committees (with its flaws and limitations) is one of the processes for creating safe spaces.
Instead of relying entirely on the institutional mechanisms, alternative processes such as student
solidarities across the differences in responding to sexual harassment in the colleges could be
envisaged. It is also crucial to pause and think as to much how much of democratization we practice
in each and every interaction within the universities.
The responsibility of making universities and colleges a safe space is that of administration. By
taking action irrespective of how important the faculty is to the university/college, the
administration ensures that an environment of trust and confidence is built among students and
others. ICs cannot work in isolation as they need the support and confidence of students, faculty
and staff of the universities. Solidarities among the margins are needed to make authorities
responsible for their work. There is a need to have larger representation of marginalized identities
in the committees. Faculty should take a sincere interest in the workshops held on sexual
harassment.
On the issue of the list been made public, there has been a shift in debate. Earlier victims were
being named and marked, but with the list it is the marking and naming of men. With this list,
mirror has been shown to us as to how the due processes are working in the universities and
colleges spaces.
Dr. Shewli Kumar, Chairperson, Gender Amity Committee, TISS Mumbai
Gender Amity Committee has been handling 10-15 cases every year. Each and every case has
presented itself as unique and challenging for the committee. As TISS is a small and a deemed
university, the committee has been able to use this to its advantage by having flexible processes in
place. However, there has been a great amount of surveillance from the outside world. Therefore
the working of the committee should be seen in the context where the university is embedded in
the larger system outside and the larger changes that are happening in the world. The committee is
part of this continuum and does not function in isolation.
In a particular case, a foreign exchange student who was harassed by the project staff, did not
complain for a long time as she thought it is okay for Indian men to act in this way and it is in
Indian culture. Also, there the committee countered the stereotype that it is okay to prey upon
women from abroad. Further, while the committee wanted the complaint to lodge a police
complaint, she was leaving India and did not want to go through this process. Therefore lot of onus
lies on the complainant.
8. 8
There is an entire supportive role that ICC has to play which is time consuming. Even after
supporting the complainant at every stage, if the woman decides that she does not want to go
further, then ICC has to support her in the decision.
The committee has received several complaints on intimate partner violence among students. Male
students have been found to have multiple relationships and when female student decides that she
does not want to be part of this relationship and tries to move out, she is harassed by the male
partner through threats, intimidation and violence. These complaints are also reported several
days, even months after they occur.
One of the limitations with ICC is that the committee is restricted to handling of the cases. However,
the challenge is that girls and women on the campus do not trust or have confidence to approach
ICC with their complaints. Here, the student representatives play an important role in building
confidence among students that they can approach the committees with their complaints.
Especially, with the cases of intimate partner violence among students, the student representatives
have a greater role. Engagement with the incidents of intimate partner violence, has given insights
to the deep embeddiness of gender, sexuality and power. It has elucidated clearly that there is a
great need for every student and faculty on the campus to undergo gender curriculum to build an
understanding on the issue. The committee is struggling in getting the faculty on board. It is crucial
to have the active participation of the faculty as they will be able to translate it through their
classroom interactions.
In one particular case, ICC had to deal with political interference and backing that accused received.
The recommendatory nature of the ICCs is the major challenge in the functioning of the committees.
It is the limitation of the law itself. The due process written in the law is also very limited. It does
not specify the qualifications and experience of the individuals who would inhabit ICCs. What kind
of the gender related activities the potential committee members should have undertaken before
qualifying as ICC member? Also, what are the roles of student representatives? The act is very
constraining in terms of actual functioning of the ICCs.
Even though notifications have been issued that the anonymous complaints shall not be
entertained, however, few complaints have been received by the university administration. This
reflects that there have been certain gaps in confidence and trust with the ICC among students. It is
the challenge for the ICCs. In few instances, ICC was not able to take any action as the anonymous
complaints did not get translated to written complaints as stated by the law. Students experience
great amount of trauma in writing their statements. They much rather come and talk about it. They
are also fearful about it getting public and losing confidentiality. Despite of several gender
workshops, the environment for complainants remains hostile.
Often, Gender Amity Committee becomes the least important committee in the campus. There is
less visibility, minimal resources, no staff and no infrastructure for the committee.
ICC has conducted session on gender non-normative. While the law is for women, but the ICC with
the support of queer collectives managed to go beyond the brief. Resource centre for interventions
9. 9
on violence against women. Students are sent to do police complaints and they support women to
do FIR.
The ICC has been able to rusticate and debarred people from the campus. Along with this the
committee has referred complainants for counseling and support. Sometimes, women have gained
confidence just by going for the counseling and have been able to stand up for themselves in ending
the abuse. ICC at TISS have conducted orientation programs, developed new format for complaints,
held workshop, file shows and discussion forums on gender, caste, religion. The committee has also
developed Summary of Practice for ICC. There is a Gender ki Baatein boxes that are located at
different places in the campus. Gender Amity Committee is in the process of developing gender
policy for TISS.
Innovations and multiple strategies are required to engage with different constituencies on the
issue. A continuous dialogue on the issue is required in order to move forward. There is a need to
create supportive environment for women and people with non-normative behavior and
expressions and at the same time there is need to establish concrete mechanisms for continuous
knowledge creation. There is a need to have some serious introspection by each and every
stakeholder. Getting faculty on board is a challenge for everyone and it should not be just ICC’s
responsibility.
Ms. Geetarani, Student member of Gender Amity Committee, TISS (Mumbai)
The issues and concerns of female students and students belonging to gender minorities are
massive and varied. Due to varied patriarchal ideas and gender socialization, even after
considerable amount of work and effort, achieving an environment of safety, gender sensitization
and zero tolerance towards sexual harassment and gender based violence is challenging in the
universities spaces.
One of the major issues faced by the victim is lack of confidence. It has been found that though
Internal Committees (ICs) receive several unofficial complaints, however, the victims are reluctant
to file an official complaint even after several meetings with ICs. Fear of negative outfall on the
victim and long process of hearing with the internal committees are cited to be few of the several
reasons for not lodging an official complaint.
Second issue is that of reliving the trauma of the incident by victims during the due process. In the
past, victims have shared that they want to get over with the entire proceedings as soon as possible
as it keeps on reminding them of the incident of harassment.
The third major concern has been the tendency of victim blaming by society. Approaching the
redressal institutions with the complaint takes great amount of personal courage. However, victim
blaming and non-supportive environment deters people not to approach the ICs. The problem
becomes acute for the victim who is a dalit, tribal or from a different race.
The fourth issue is that of prevalence of intimate partner violence among the students in the
colleges. In several such cases victims do approach the committees, however, are reluctant to file an
official complaint.
10. 10
Fifth concern is that of safety of a victim after she files a complaint. Even when there are
mechanisms ensuring safety of the student within the institute, it does not ensure safety outside the
institute.
Sixth concern is the impact of the sexual harassment and the aftermath on the mental well-being of
the victim. During several counseling sessions with the victims, it has been found that they often
nurture a sense of guilt. Often their friends, colleagues and others make them feel that they have
caused a great harm to another person by filing a complaint against them. There a long term
implications, such as trust issues, loss of confidence in public spaces, fear of being labeled and
several other psychological problems.
The mechanism of ICs needs to be strengthened. There is a need of strong commitment from the
administration to strengthen the institutional mechanisms. Recommendatory nature of the ICs is a
problem. Lack of proper budget, physical space, dedicated full time worker are some of the several
limitations and challenges that restricts ICs from reaching out much more effectively.
There are few questions that need to be revisited as to what does justice actually mean to the
victim? Is it lawful punishment being given to the perpetrators? What should be done to ensure the
justice is served in its truest sense?
Discussion
It is very important to discuss the fear of being labeled or being marked that a person who
has experienced harassment or discrimination goes through. Speaking out for girls in a
regular classroom environment or in academic discussion is quite challenging. Girls are
expected to be quite even in public spaces. Speaking out becomes more oppressive when a
girl/woman goes through harassment. Also, the acceptance of obscene jokes among peer
group and to think it is “cool” to do so it quite unnerving. The offender has absolutely no
clue that the act is offensive while the person who is on the receiving end does not know
how to respond to it.
There should be more coordination between Women Development Cell of universities and
colleges. Teachers and students would be encouraged if they receive regular gender
workshops and trainings on the issue of sexual harassment at workplace.
How does CASH address the case of sexual harassment when the accused is a high profile
person/faculty at the campus? They seem to have very little accountability with regard to
the system because they are considered to be assets to the universities and colleges. In
these cases, what responsibility or role the CASH has? Statement like people in academics or
men in academics do not appreciate what constitutes as sexual harassment in a sense
defends the powerful men in academia. In this context what position or action ICC can take
and where then teachers union’s role and students union’s role come in?
It is perceived that the Gender Amity Committee is offering a service to student community
who are floating population. Whereas, teachers in a way are a static population. It is really
important to discuss as to why there is a resistance from the faculty community to get
involved in the gender trainings and be part of the ongoing discussion on sexual
harassment. Why is that that there is lot of interest and participation by faculty for other
11. 11
refresher courses and trainings, however, not on the issue of gender and sexual
harassment? In this context, sometimes, mandatory institutional processes are important as
voluntary participation by the male faculty and others is clearly lacking.
At first, it is important for students, the largest population in every college, to come together
and verbalize their support to ICC. The position of ICC strengthens when it gets the support
of the students. The committee is then able to lobby effectively to the higher authorities. The
law does not give that negotiating power to the committee. Secondly, it is the responsibility
of ICC to take their work beyond the brief laid out in the law. Law also states gender
awareness, workshops and creating supportive environment. However, these processes are
clearly missed out by ICCs.
Chayanika Shah: How does the system respond when a powerful person is being accused?
Whether it works for the person or against it is the real test of the system. By so far, there
has been no case that has shown that the institutional processes could hold powerful
accused accountable for their actions. Even in the cases where ICCs have given
recommendations against accused, however, the universities have not acted upon them.
There have been instances, where the principals have been suspended, however the power
of the principal has not been taken away and they are still sitting in their offices without
being shamed. The point that the principal was found guilty was also because the ICC was
located not in the college but in the university. The pressure was created to remove that
principal but it still did not shame him. In this context, what does the justice actually means?
So we can tell them you have been found guilty but that guilt has to be felt as well. None of
us are able to that to people we hold in high esteem. Even if we may agree that the people
who have been named on the list, could possibly the offenders, however, we are not actually
standing against them stating that we won’t be party to reinstating that position of
authority for that person. This is a difficult task which colleagues have to do. It is not easy,
especially for those feminist teachers from whom we are expecting it from. The people who
are actually standing up for this politics are named and marked for different reasons. They
are vulnerable and powerful in their own way. They will have to use the power they have to
become even more vulnerable. If we are not able to voice our discomfit even when they
have been found guilty then it is very far away to express our discomfort when they have
not been found guilty. What should be our attitude towards these people is what we should
start talking about. At least in the situations where it has been proved and convictions have
been made, what is our process of shaming and taking authority from that person?
How many vice-chancellors gender sensitization trainings have been conducted? We do not
have gender sensitization programs for the people at the higher level of authorities. People
in power are not taking interest in the issue.
The absence of the male faculty at this discussion is quite telling of the lack of interest and
importance the issue holds for them.
Even if there are two or more committees set up to address the issue, the committees would
not be effective till they get the support of the students. Students and committees have to
work together to strengthen the process rather than disbanding the committee.
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Within the university setup, what kinds of work or pressure feminist faculty have garnered
to put focus on sexual harassment within colleges? As feminist have we succeeded in
adopting pedagogies that emancipating?
University is already organized in hierarchical power structure. Unless that power structure
is broken through various ways, there is a deadlock and the entire responsibility is put
CASH and ICCs. Though there are institutional mechanisms, however, there are several
measures that need to be taken collectively by the student and faculty community in order
to really address the issue in hand. One of the ways is to think how to have solidarities
despite our differences.
The recent debates on Raya Sarkar coming public with the list of faculty alleged to have
committed sexual harassment, had completely polarized the issue with shaming versus due
processes, which completely lost the focus of the issue itself. When it comes to due process,
the recent incident of Banaras University, wherein students had to take to streets and yet
justice was denied really shows the loopholes within the institutional process. When putting
one’s concern over due process, if one is accused of promoting vigilantism, how then safe
spaces wherein discussion could be held
Chayanika Shah: The institutional mechanism was set up because we believed that everyone
does not have that space or support and the more marginalized a person is more vulnerable
to harassment and less support the person has. The institutional processes have been for
more than fifteen years acting in some manner. Maybe we all have put our hopes at ICC, and
one of the obvious things that we have learned from the recent events is that it is not the
way to go. Along with ICCs there are several strategies that need to be implemented. An
institutional mechanism for redressal is only one the several measures. How do we have
real conversations and not sensitizations, on issues of hierarchies within the universities?
We have to actively think how to have conversations on our prejudices and blindness. And,
the onus of that is clearly on ‘stable’ population, i.e., faculty. Students and contractual staff
are vulnerable in the university context. We have to challenge the academia from within a
sociological critique of class, caste, disability, queerness and gender. These are complex
relationships and simple solutions such as keeping the door open when a female student is
in a room, not sending her messages will not work. Honest conversations in classrooms, in
university spaces between faculty and students and among students are important, which
are not happening. The teachers and teacher’s union is primarily responsible for it, but also
everyone else. These are deep misogyny deeply entrenched in us, in our systems and in our
institutions which will not go soon.
After 3 hours of serious conversations in the GenderLogue, Shri. Vishal Kamble, Research
Assistant, Advanced Centre for Women’s Studies, School of Development Studies, TISS, Mumbai
offered Vote of Thanks to Prof. Parasuraman-Director TISS, Prof. Ramakumar-Dean of School of
Development Studies of TISS, Smt. Damyanty Shreedhar of Freidrich Ebert Stiftung-Delhi, Ms.
Gayatri Sharma-Director of WomenPowerConnect- Delhi, the panelists, the participants and the
TISS administration.