Reply to post 1 & 2 with 150 words eachPost 1Of the six
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Reply to post 1 & 2 with 150 words each Post 1 Of the six strategic challenges our country faces, the threat of Transnational Criminal Organizations (TCOs) is at the forefront of one of the greatest challenges we face as a nation. TCOs facilitate the illegal production and trafficking of narcotics, human trafficking and the sex trade. Mexican TCOs remain the single greatest drug threat to the United States; with no other criminal organizations postured to challenge them. Their sophisticated infrastructure allows them to have all but total control over the illegal trafficking of narcotics from farming, processing, producing and exporting (dea.gov, 2017, p.iv). The second and third order effects of the drug trade have a direct impact our nation’s critical infrastructure and come from the TCOs themselves who have, in the last decade, resorted to extremely brutal violence, trafficking in persons, extortion, kidnapping, oil theft, and utilizing profits from illegal activities to finance corruption (DHS.gov, 2014, p.26). At this point in our nation’s history, we are seeing the consequences of the drug epidemic not being adequately addressed. The 2017 National Drug Threat Assessment (NDTA) has a trove of data reinforcing the notion that the U.S. is losing the war on drugs. Law enforcement agencies across the U.S. have seen an increase in incidents of violent crime, drug availability and overdoses. Illicit narcotics such as cocaine, methamphetamine and most recently, controlled prescription drugs are surging in large portions of the country as thier availability has increased (dea.gov, 2017, p.145). The data supports the idea that this risk is not being adequately addressed. Rather, the U.S. has transitioned from a mission of stopping narcotics trafficking to one of mitigating trafficking and the effects of narcotics on the population. The U.S. has placed greater emphasis on rehabilitation and treatment programs to be at the forefront of the domestic and international effort to disrupt the impact of illicit drug abuse and distribution. Strategy has been developed outlining specific measures to reduce illicit drug use to include: early intervention, breaking cycles of crime, incarceration, and drug abuse, disrupting domestic drug trafficking and production and strengthening international partnerships (Obamawhitehouse.gov, 2018, p.1). Additionally, the United States has made funds available to the international community towards drug treatment and recovery to improve health and welfare of individuals but also curb the demand for narcotics. Post 2 The specific challenge I reviewed for this week are the growing cyber threats as it relates to the US and critical infrastructure. Cyber threats or cyber warfare is a variety of techniques and activities using information systems as a weapon to gain an advantage by an adversary or opposing force (Chapple, 2015). Cyber Warfare has quickly become the forefront of threats facing the DoD, critical infras ...
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250 words agree or disagree In the last several decades, peo.docx
250 words agree or disagree
In the last several decades, people motivated by different ideological beliefs and individual factors have engaged in horrifying acts of mass violence aimed at targeting innocent civilians across the country. Unfortunately, these attacks have increased in frequency and lethality. This new reality has challenged law enforcement agencies to ensure their training, tactics, and operational procedures evolve effectively in order to confront offenders who kill and seriously injure defenseless civilians at nightclubs, schools, movie theaters, churches, iconic sporting events, conference rooms and mobile active shootings throughout a community. In response to 9/11, local law enforcement agencies, particularly those within large counties, and state agencies undertook a number of steps: increasing the number of personnel engaged in emergency response planning; updating response plans for chemical, biological, or radiological attacks and, to a lesser extent, mutual aid agreements; and reallocating internal resources or increasing departmental spending to focus on terrorism preparedness (United States, 2015). Perceived risk is an important predictor of agencies taking steps to improve their level of preparedness. Specifically, law enforcement agencies that perceived the risk of future terrorist attacks in their jurisdictions to be higher are more likely to undertake steps to improve their preparedness. Although the size of a jurisdiction and the level of perceived risk are predictive of law enforcement’s undertaking preparedness activities, level of risk is a better predictor of receipt of funding. Law enforcement agencies vary substantially in their approach to preparedness and in their support needs. In addition, perceived risk is predictive of agencies taking steps to improve their preparedness, regardless of county size. This suggests that future programmatic support at the federal, state, and local levels will need to be tailored to account for these differences, and that any effort to model or develop objective measures of overall U.S. preparedness will also need to account for differences in risk levels.
The collection of intelligence within the United States is obviously a critical component of the federal government’s efforts in the war against terrorism. The first step in disrupting terrorist plots and preventing terrorist attacks is obtaining information about the operations of terrorist groups and the activities of individual terrorists, both inside and outside of our nation’s borders. Intelligence collection, however, is only the first step in combating terrorism. A piece of information is like a piece of a puzzle. Oftentimes, only when a piece of information is combined with many other pieces of information does the big picture emerge. Moreover, possessing information without more does not stop terrorism; rather, information must lead to action. This is why it is critical not only that intelligence on terror.
International Standards to Regulate Aggressive Cyber-behavior from a Foreign ...
International Standards to Regulate Aggressive Cyber-behavior from a Foreign ...Mansoor Faridi, CISA
This document discusses the need for international standards to regulate aggressive cyber behavior by foreign states. It provides background on how cyber warfare has become an effective new form of attack that lacks regulation. Current frameworks fail to fully address the issue as they focus on individuals rather than states. The document argues that comprehensive global standards are needed, but developing and implementing them faces challenges that require a collaborative effort between nations. It provides recommendations for a roadmap to establish centralized institutions to design, develop, enforce and prosecute violations of new international cyber standards.US POLICIES ON TWO TRANSNATIONAL CRIMES, ILLICIT DRUG .docx
US POLICIES ON TWO TRANSNATIONAL CRIMES, ILLICIT DRUG
TRAFFICKING AND CYBER-LAUNDERING, WILL NOT SECURE THE
HOMELAND FROM TERRORIST THREATS
A Master Thesis
Submitted to the Faculty
of
American Public University
by
First Name Last Name
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree
of
Master of Arts
April 2012
American Public University
Charles Town, WV
1
Introduction and Purpose Statement
The threats to America that are imposed from transnational crimes are constantly changing.
The threats may originate from other nations throughout the world; but, the impacts throughout
America is surreal. The US Government fight against transnational crimes are nothing less than
intricate. US interests abroad are impacted by these threatening networks. Weapons trafficking,
intellectual property theft, cybercrime, human smuggling, trafficking in persons, and illicit drug
trafficking contribute to other crimes that evolves around these transnational crimes. The bottom
line is that the threats created by these crimes are not isolated to one specific nation or a specific
region in the world. The US Government policies that are designed to combat transnational
crimes must address both present-day threats and potential future threats.
The purpose of this paper is to explore US Government policies targeting illicit drug
trafficking and cyber-laundering while identifying vulnerabilities within the policies (if any) and
their impact on threats from terrorist organizations. Transnational crime, narcotics, and terrorism
financing are not geographical concerns. All three can be linked specifically by having potential
effect across national borders. Transnational Organized Crime (TOC) has established a
significant and increasing threat to national and international security, with dire implications for
public safety, public health, democratic institutions, and economic stability across the globe
(Finckenauer 2006, 124). The US Government have many Presidential Directives (PD) and
policies that target these areas, but are they really having an impact? Without a shadow of a
doubt, drug trafficking has resulted in funding that has supported terrorism and in some cases
such as the Madrid bombing, drugs were being utilized as the currency. The same scenario can
happen in any small or large city in America. US Government policies must be able to
compliment or supplement other Nations policies in the fight against transnational crime.
2
Because of varies religious beliefs and political views of western nations, the tasking will be
equivalent to finding a cotton ball in the field of snow.
Cybercrime is such a lucrative criminal adventure because anyone can be anyone and
anywhere in a digital environment. The utilization of electronic funding transactions
domestically and or internationally can create difficult detective efforts for an ...
EA&SP_GROUP_ASSIGNMENT_1.pdf
This document provides an overview of cybercrime, including definitions, types, impacts, and challenges. It notes that while cybercrime poses significant threats, there are major evidence gaps regarding its nature, scale, and costs. It recommends improving measurement and the evidence base to better inform policy responses. A socio-ecological framework is proposed to understand cybercrime at individual, relationship, community, and societal levels to guide multi-tiered prevention efforts.
Running headEMERGING THREATS AND COUNTERMEASURES .docx
Running head: EMERGING THREATS AND COUNTERMEASURES 1
LITERATURE REVIEW
Emerging threats and countermeasures in the U.S. critical infrastructure
Table of content
Background information 3
Research questions 3
Methodological approach 3
Data analysis and findings 3
Challenges in confronting threats 6
Conclusion and discussion 8
References…………………………………………………………………………………………9
Background information
In recent times, the province of security architecture has profoundly transposed by the escalation of threats targeting critical national infrastructure. The rise in such threats is directly related to the rapid integration of the infrastructures with emergent information technologies (IT). That said, it is easy to conclude that the destructive threats to the infrastructures are from cybercrime. Cybercrime manifests in several dimensions from worms, viruses to malware. It would be easy if such threats confronted quickly. However, the state of affairs is that it is not an easy endeavor at all, and hence protecting national infrastructure is even more challenging than it has ever been.Research questions
This essay answers the questions of the literature related to the emergent threats in the protection of critical national infrastructure. More also, it answers the question of the challenges involved in securing the infrastructures.Methodological approach
The study of data collection is conducted using a qualitative approach. Qualitative research is the scientific study of observations that seeks to describe, explore, explain, and diagnose phenomena by gathering non-numerical data.Data analysis and findings
It has not been easy protecting national infrastructure in the last two decades thanks to an increase in cybercrime. Public information systems are lucrative targets for hackers and other ill-motivated criminals. The state affairs have led to a conclusion that in a time in the current generation, the world is increasingly veering toward cyber warfare. The cost of cybersecurity threats is estimated to be over billions of dollars and still learning. Even with new measures, it appears the rate at which cybercriminals are expanding their technological dominion in the deep web is exceedingly strange.
Cybersecurity attacks take different dimensions. Perhaps one of the most devastating has been related to user inefficiency when handling systems. Most cybercriminal activities have shown an impeccable ability to surpass both the human and system shields that protect systems. In the dawn of the early 2000s, for example, the world was in a panic following an attack unleashed by two Philippine students. The attack, known as love bug exposed the value system behind the human-based security system. It is one of the weakness and which is solely flexible to easy manipulation. Following the love bug attack, the national intelligence system had to be switched off for several hours. The cutting-edge world has seen a multiplication in th.
Justin BennettTerrorism is one of the six strategic risk that is.docx
Justin Bennett
Terrorism is one of the six strategic risk that is found in the 2014 Quadrennial Homeland Security Review. Ever since the catastrophic events that occurred on September 11, 2001, the entire outlook on terrorism has changed and the security of the nation is ever changing to fulfill terrorist tactics. According to the 2014 QHSR, the terrorist threat is evolving and remains significant as attack planning and operations become more decentralized (2014). On that note, United States critical infrastructure has always been a major target towards terrorism. It is essential that it is protected at all times. The nation’s critical infrastructure is extremely vital to the country. “Critical Infrastructure” is defined as “systems and assets, whether physical or virtual, so vital to the United States that the incapacity or destruction of such systems and assets would have a debilitating impact on the security, national economic security, national health or safety, or any combination of those matters (DHS 2013).If the terrorist threat is not handled properly at the national level, there will be severe consequences.
To begin with, the majority of critical infrastructure is owned by the private sector but it is the job of the federal, state, local, and private sectors to all collaborate to achieve the goal and remain resilient against terrorist activity. Terrorist activity has major impacts on the country in a general sense and an even greater impact against critical infrastructure. Some of the major consequences at the national level would include physical, psychological, economical issues within the country. The physical consequences would include the damage against the infrastructures that where struck and the innocent citizens who may of possibly been killed by the terrorist. Further, the psychological consequences would include those who were impacted by the terrorist attack ranging from the people who were actually at the scene, the family members of the attacked individuals, the critical infrastructure employees, the government officials dealing with the situation and many more. Moving on, economic consequences can impact the entire nation as well depending on the amount of physical damage done and which critical infrastructure was impacted. In addition, an attack one of the nation’s critical infrastructure assets can impact other critical infrastructure. For instance, if the Energy Sector is taken out, the Communications sector may have problems along with the Financial Sector because both of those sectors need the resources provided by the Energy Sector.
In my opinion, I believe the risk of terrorist attacks are being adequately addressed. The reason why I believe so is there hasn’t been a successful major terrorist attack as catastrophic as 9/11 since that day. Yes, there has been several lone wolf attacks that have succeeded but those are extremely hard to stop due to its unpredictability. Overall, the majority off attacks that hav ...
Cyber Weapons Proliferation
Cyber Weapons Proliferation
Name:
Date: 03-30-2021
TOPIC: CYBER WEAPON PROLIFERATION
Currently there is no widely accepted definition on the concept of cyber weapon, but it can be described as a tool which has been modified for the purpose of carrying out malicious threats or attacks in the cyber space.
The use of Cyber space as a weapon is gradually gaining recognition, to the extent that it is currently been considered a Weapon of Mass Destruction.
In the US. For Instance, the Department of Homeland Security is tasked with the responsibility of protecting its citizens against any form of threat including cyber-attacks. The US has traditionally been perceived to be the world's most dominant cyber force in terms of this kind. Both their capabilities (defensive and offensive) have been actively developed over the last two decades, and appear to be superior to others. In order to strengthen U.S. space defense, the United States Cyber Command (US CYBER) was established in 2010 to ensure freedom of action in cyberspace for the US government and its allies, but prevent adversaries from doing the same.
The three service elements that comprise USCYBER are the Army Cybercom, the Air Force Cybercom, and the Fleet Cybercom. In August 2017 the United States Cyber Command was elevated to the status of a Unified Combatant Command. The National Defense Strategy for 2018 stated that the US government will prioritize the integration of cyber capabilities into the full spectrum of military operations.[footnoteRef:1] [1: Cristian Barbieri, Jean-Pierre Darnis & Carolina Polito
“Non-proliferation Regime for Cyber Weapons. A Tentative Study” http://www.iai.it/sites/default/files/iai1803.pdf accessed March 30th, 2021]
The proliferations in weaponisation of cyber space by terrorist groups to carry out destructive threats have necessitated the need for in depth analysis on the regulation of the use of cyber space.
In conclusion, although clearly resembling weapons, others say cyberspace might have a different potential to do great harm without actually inflicting financial or human loss, often cyber weapons may be used as less dangerous "conventional" weapons and canolays.
However, due to the fast pace of cyber-related technological developments, leadership changes, senior defense officials must be up to speed with how these technologies impact national security and defense mechanisms so they can have updated or revisions to the current laws regulating cyber usage.
Furthermore, it is suggested that in other to combat the use of cyber space as a weapon, one has to disable the source of the threat in order to neutralize the "cyber weapon" used to attack a target, thereby rendering them ineffective.
In my opinion, limited reliance on cyber space is recommended to effectively combat cyber space terrorism.
Running head: TERRORISM
TERRORISM
TER ...
Cyberdefense strategy - Boston Global Forum - 2017
This document discusses principles for developing an effective national cyber defense strategy. It notes the increasing threats from state and non-state actors conducting cyber attacks that disrupt infrastructure and steal data and money. An effective strategy should streamline government cyber operations, increase public support through education, and strongly collaborate with the private sector. Key principles include characterizing thresholds for considering attacks a national security risk, resolving issues around hack back authority between government and industry, and connecting national strategy to local governance for response.
Recommended
250 words agree or disagree In the last several decades, peo.docx
250 words agree or disagree
In the last several decades, people motivated by different ideological beliefs and individual factors have engaged in horrifying acts of mass violence aimed at targeting innocent civilians across the country. Unfortunately, these attacks have increased in frequency and lethality. This new reality has challenged law enforcement agencies to ensure their training, tactics, and operational procedures evolve effectively in order to confront offenders who kill and seriously injure defenseless civilians at nightclubs, schools, movie theaters, churches, iconic sporting events, conference rooms and mobile active shootings throughout a community. In response to 9/11, local law enforcement agencies, particularly those within large counties, and state agencies undertook a number of steps: increasing the number of personnel engaged in emergency response planning; updating response plans for chemical, biological, or radiological attacks and, to a lesser extent, mutual aid agreements; and reallocating internal resources or increasing departmental spending to focus on terrorism preparedness (United States, 2015). Perceived risk is an important predictor of agencies taking steps to improve their level of preparedness. Specifically, law enforcement agencies that perceived the risk of future terrorist attacks in their jurisdictions to be higher are more likely to undertake steps to improve their preparedness. Although the size of a jurisdiction and the level of perceived risk are predictive of law enforcement’s undertaking preparedness activities, level of risk is a better predictor of receipt of funding. Law enforcement agencies vary substantially in their approach to preparedness and in their support needs. In addition, perceived risk is predictive of agencies taking steps to improve their preparedness, regardless of county size. This suggests that future programmatic support at the federal, state, and local levels will need to be tailored to account for these differences, and that any effort to model or develop objective measures of overall U.S. preparedness will also need to account for differences in risk levels.
The collection of intelligence within the United States is obviously a critical component of the federal government’s efforts in the war against terrorism. The first step in disrupting terrorist plots and preventing terrorist attacks is obtaining information about the operations of terrorist groups and the activities of individual terrorists, both inside and outside of our nation’s borders. Intelligence collection, however, is only the first step in combating terrorism. A piece of information is like a piece of a puzzle. Oftentimes, only when a piece of information is combined with many other pieces of information does the big picture emerge. Moreover, possessing information without more does not stop terrorism; rather, information must lead to action. This is why it is critical not only that intelligence on terror.
International Standards to Regulate Aggressive Cyber-behavior from a Foreign ...
International Standards to Regulate Aggressive Cyber-behavior from a Foreign ...Mansoor Faridi, CISA
This document discusses the need for international standards to regulate aggressive cyber behavior by foreign states. It provides background on how cyber warfare has become an effective new form of attack that lacks regulation. Current frameworks fail to fully address the issue as they focus on individuals rather than states. The document argues that comprehensive global standards are needed, but developing and implementing them faces challenges that require a collaborative effort between nations. It provides recommendations for a roadmap to establish centralized institutions to design, develop, enforce and prosecute violations of new international cyber standards.US POLICIES ON TWO TRANSNATIONAL CRIMES, ILLICIT DRUG .docx
US POLICIES ON TWO TRANSNATIONAL CRIMES, ILLICIT DRUG
TRAFFICKING AND CYBER-LAUNDERING, WILL NOT SECURE THE
HOMELAND FROM TERRORIST THREATS
A Master Thesis
Submitted to the Faculty
of
American Public University
by
First Name Last Name
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree
of
Master of Arts
April 2012
American Public University
Charles Town, WV
1
Introduction and Purpose Statement
The threats to America that are imposed from transnational crimes are constantly changing.
The threats may originate from other nations throughout the world; but, the impacts throughout
America is surreal. The US Government fight against transnational crimes are nothing less than
intricate. US interests abroad are impacted by these threatening networks. Weapons trafficking,
intellectual property theft, cybercrime, human smuggling, trafficking in persons, and illicit drug
trafficking contribute to other crimes that evolves around these transnational crimes. The bottom
line is that the threats created by these crimes are not isolated to one specific nation or a specific
region in the world. The US Government policies that are designed to combat transnational
crimes must address both present-day threats and potential future threats.
The purpose of this paper is to explore US Government policies targeting illicit drug
trafficking and cyber-laundering while identifying vulnerabilities within the policies (if any) and
their impact on threats from terrorist organizations. Transnational crime, narcotics, and terrorism
financing are not geographical concerns. All three can be linked specifically by having potential
effect across national borders. Transnational Organized Crime (TOC) has established a
significant and increasing threat to national and international security, with dire implications for
public safety, public health, democratic institutions, and economic stability across the globe
(Finckenauer 2006, 124). The US Government have many Presidential Directives (PD) and
policies that target these areas, but are they really having an impact? Without a shadow of a
doubt, drug trafficking has resulted in funding that has supported terrorism and in some cases
such as the Madrid bombing, drugs were being utilized as the currency. The same scenario can
happen in any small or large city in America. US Government policies must be able to
compliment or supplement other Nations policies in the fight against transnational crime.
2
Because of varies religious beliefs and political views of western nations, the tasking will be
equivalent to finding a cotton ball in the field of snow.
Cybercrime is such a lucrative criminal adventure because anyone can be anyone and
anywhere in a digital environment. The utilization of electronic funding transactions
domestically and or internationally can create difficult detective efforts for an ...
EA&SP_GROUP_ASSIGNMENT_1.pdf
This document provides an overview of cybercrime, including definitions, types, impacts, and challenges. It notes that while cybercrime poses significant threats, there are major evidence gaps regarding its nature, scale, and costs. It recommends improving measurement and the evidence base to better inform policy responses. A socio-ecological framework is proposed to understand cybercrime at individual, relationship, community, and societal levels to guide multi-tiered prevention efforts.
Running headEMERGING THREATS AND COUNTERMEASURES .docx
Running head: EMERGING THREATS AND COUNTERMEASURES 1
LITERATURE REVIEW
Emerging threats and countermeasures in the U.S. critical infrastructure
Table of content
Background information 3
Research questions 3
Methodological approach 3
Data analysis and findings 3
Challenges in confronting threats 6
Conclusion and discussion 8
References…………………………………………………………………………………………9
Background information
In recent times, the province of security architecture has profoundly transposed by the escalation of threats targeting critical national infrastructure. The rise in such threats is directly related to the rapid integration of the infrastructures with emergent information technologies (IT). That said, it is easy to conclude that the destructive threats to the infrastructures are from cybercrime. Cybercrime manifests in several dimensions from worms, viruses to malware. It would be easy if such threats confronted quickly. However, the state of affairs is that it is not an easy endeavor at all, and hence protecting national infrastructure is even more challenging than it has ever been.Research questions
This essay answers the questions of the literature related to the emergent threats in the protection of critical national infrastructure. More also, it answers the question of the challenges involved in securing the infrastructures.Methodological approach
The study of data collection is conducted using a qualitative approach. Qualitative research is the scientific study of observations that seeks to describe, explore, explain, and diagnose phenomena by gathering non-numerical data.Data analysis and findings
It has not been easy protecting national infrastructure in the last two decades thanks to an increase in cybercrime. Public information systems are lucrative targets for hackers and other ill-motivated criminals. The state affairs have led to a conclusion that in a time in the current generation, the world is increasingly veering toward cyber warfare. The cost of cybersecurity threats is estimated to be over billions of dollars and still learning. Even with new measures, it appears the rate at which cybercriminals are expanding their technological dominion in the deep web is exceedingly strange.
Cybersecurity attacks take different dimensions. Perhaps one of the most devastating has been related to user inefficiency when handling systems. Most cybercriminal activities have shown an impeccable ability to surpass both the human and system shields that protect systems. In the dawn of the early 2000s, for example, the world was in a panic following an attack unleashed by two Philippine students. The attack, known as love bug exposed the value system behind the human-based security system. It is one of the weakness and which is solely flexible to easy manipulation. Following the love bug attack, the national intelligence system had to be switched off for several hours. The cutting-edge world has seen a multiplication in th.
Justin BennettTerrorism is one of the six strategic risk that is.docx
Justin Bennett
Terrorism is one of the six strategic risk that is found in the 2014 Quadrennial Homeland Security Review. Ever since the catastrophic events that occurred on September 11, 2001, the entire outlook on terrorism has changed and the security of the nation is ever changing to fulfill terrorist tactics. According to the 2014 QHSR, the terrorist threat is evolving and remains significant as attack planning and operations become more decentralized (2014). On that note, United States critical infrastructure has always been a major target towards terrorism. It is essential that it is protected at all times. The nation’s critical infrastructure is extremely vital to the country. “Critical Infrastructure” is defined as “systems and assets, whether physical or virtual, so vital to the United States that the incapacity or destruction of such systems and assets would have a debilitating impact on the security, national economic security, national health or safety, or any combination of those matters (DHS 2013).If the terrorist threat is not handled properly at the national level, there will be severe consequences.
To begin with, the majority of critical infrastructure is owned by the private sector but it is the job of the federal, state, local, and private sectors to all collaborate to achieve the goal and remain resilient against terrorist activity. Terrorist activity has major impacts on the country in a general sense and an even greater impact against critical infrastructure. Some of the major consequences at the national level would include physical, psychological, economical issues within the country. The physical consequences would include the damage against the infrastructures that where struck and the innocent citizens who may of possibly been killed by the terrorist. Further, the psychological consequences would include those who were impacted by the terrorist attack ranging from the people who were actually at the scene, the family members of the attacked individuals, the critical infrastructure employees, the government officials dealing with the situation and many more. Moving on, economic consequences can impact the entire nation as well depending on the amount of physical damage done and which critical infrastructure was impacted. In addition, an attack one of the nation’s critical infrastructure assets can impact other critical infrastructure. For instance, if the Energy Sector is taken out, the Communications sector may have problems along with the Financial Sector because both of those sectors need the resources provided by the Energy Sector.
In my opinion, I believe the risk of terrorist attacks are being adequately addressed. The reason why I believe so is there hasn’t been a successful major terrorist attack as catastrophic as 9/11 since that day. Yes, there has been several lone wolf attacks that have succeeded but those are extremely hard to stop due to its unpredictability. Overall, the majority off attacks that hav ...
Cyber Weapons Proliferation
Cyber Weapons Proliferation
Name:
Date: 03-30-2021
TOPIC: CYBER WEAPON PROLIFERATION
Currently there is no widely accepted definition on the concept of cyber weapon, but it can be described as a tool which has been modified for the purpose of carrying out malicious threats or attacks in the cyber space.
The use of Cyber space as a weapon is gradually gaining recognition, to the extent that it is currently been considered a Weapon of Mass Destruction.
In the US. For Instance, the Department of Homeland Security is tasked with the responsibility of protecting its citizens against any form of threat including cyber-attacks. The US has traditionally been perceived to be the world's most dominant cyber force in terms of this kind. Both their capabilities (defensive and offensive) have been actively developed over the last two decades, and appear to be superior to others. In order to strengthen U.S. space defense, the United States Cyber Command (US CYBER) was established in 2010 to ensure freedom of action in cyberspace for the US government and its allies, but prevent adversaries from doing the same.
The three service elements that comprise USCYBER are the Army Cybercom, the Air Force Cybercom, and the Fleet Cybercom. In August 2017 the United States Cyber Command was elevated to the status of a Unified Combatant Command. The National Defense Strategy for 2018 stated that the US government will prioritize the integration of cyber capabilities into the full spectrum of military operations.[footnoteRef:1] [1: Cristian Barbieri, Jean-Pierre Darnis & Carolina Polito
“Non-proliferation Regime for Cyber Weapons. A Tentative Study” http://www.iai.it/sites/default/files/iai1803.pdf accessed March 30th, 2021]
The proliferations in weaponisation of cyber space by terrorist groups to carry out destructive threats have necessitated the need for in depth analysis on the regulation of the use of cyber space.
In conclusion, although clearly resembling weapons, others say cyberspace might have a different potential to do great harm without actually inflicting financial or human loss, often cyber weapons may be used as less dangerous "conventional" weapons and canolays.
However, due to the fast pace of cyber-related technological developments, leadership changes, senior defense officials must be up to speed with how these technologies impact national security and defense mechanisms so they can have updated or revisions to the current laws regulating cyber usage.
Furthermore, it is suggested that in other to combat the use of cyber space as a weapon, one has to disable the source of the threat in order to neutralize the "cyber weapon" used to attack a target, thereby rendering them ineffective.
In my opinion, limited reliance on cyber space is recommended to effectively combat cyber space terrorism.
Running head: TERRORISM
TERRORISM
TER ...
Cyberdefense strategy - Boston Global Forum - 2017
This document discusses principles for developing an effective national cyber defense strategy. It notes the increasing threats from state and non-state actors conducting cyber attacks that disrupt infrastructure and steal data and money. An effective strategy should streamline government cyber operations, increase public support through education, and strongly collaborate with the private sector. Key principles include characterizing thresholds for considering attacks a national security risk, resolving issues around hack back authority between government and industry, and connecting national strategy to local governance for response.
Brian Wrote There is a wide range of cybersecurity initiatives .docx
Brian Wrote :
There is a wide range of cybersecurity initiatives that exist on the international level through collaborative efforts between the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and numerous organizational units (UMUC, 2012). According to UMUC (2012), some examples of these initiatives are:
· Federal Law Enforcement Training Center
· National Cyber Security Division
· National Communications System
· Office of Infrastructure Protection
· Office of Operations Coordination
· Privacy Office
· U.S. Secret Service
· U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
· Organization of American States Assistance
“The National Cyber Security Division works to secure cyberspace and America’s cyber assets in cooperation with public, private, and international entities” (UMUC, 2012). This is done using several strategic plans and directives, such as the Presidential Decision Directive 7, the Information Technology Sector Specific Plan, the National Strategy to Secure Cyber Space, National Infrastructure Preparedness Plan, and the National Response Plan (UMUC, 2012). A challenge that the National Cyber Security Division faces in providing an effective deterrent to cybersecurity threats are the constant evolving technologies. These include for both good and bad. Cyber attacks are constantly evolving and so are the technologies use to protect from them. In order for the National Cyber Security Division to effectively deter them not only do they have to stay up-to-date but also so do all of the strategic plans and directives that they use.
Another initiative is the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC) that emerged in the 1980s. This initiative puts forth “efforts to counter international hijackings and financial crimes” (UMUC, 2012). It now also extends law enforcement abroad to help against terrorist activity, international crime, and drug-trafficking (UMUC, 2012). It does those with the partner of Department of State. A challenge that the FLETC faces in providing an effective deterrent to cybersecurity threats are their international limitations. All though they have partnered abroad with select foreign nations they still have restrictions and limitations as to what exactly they can do.
Justin Wrote:
Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties (MLATs) are established between two or more nations and provide a formal means of exchanging evidence and information pertaining to criminal acts or cases that occur outside of a nation’s legal jurisdiction. The primary issue associated with MLATs and cybercrime is the inconsistency of host nation laws. Many nations feel that the idea of a global anti-crime initiative may contradict a nation’s fundamental principles (Finklea & Theohary, 2012, p.24). There is no standardized definition for cybercrime which means that one nation may view a virtual act as a crime and the other, with which the MLAT exists, may not. If the two nations agree on the legality of the act then the requesting nation may sub ...
HM502Unit 5 DQTopic 1 Infrastructure ProtectionA detailed
HM502
Unit 5 DQ
Topic 1: Infrastructure Protection
A detailed discussion of threats to and the process of protecting critical infrastructure and key resources (CI/KR) sectors from man-made and natural disasters are essential for understanding one of the main missions of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS). In detailed analysis of threats and protection challenges, several CI/KR sectors have emerged that require the attention of DHS professionals. These sectors include:
· Agriculture and Food
· Banking and Finance
· Communications
· Defense Industrial Base
· Energy
· Information Technology
· National Monuments and Icons
· Transportation Systems
· Water
What are some of the major threats to the CI/KR sectors identified above? Discuss some of the critical vulnerabilities of these CI/KR sectors. What are some of the prime consequences if these CI/KR sectors are damaged or destroyed? Describe DHS plans to deter threats, mitigate vulnerabilities, and minimize consequences.
Topic 1 Student Response #1 (Respond to Jeffery)
Jeffery Bailey
Hello classmates/Professor
The Homeland Security Act of 2002 provides the basis for Department of Homeland Security (DHS) responsibilities in the protection of the Nation’s CIKR. The act assigns DHS the responsibility for developing a comprehensive national plan for securing CIKR and for recommending the “measures necessary to protect the key resources and critical infrastructure of the United States coordination with other agencies of the Federal Government and in cooperation with State and
local government agencies and authorities, the private sector, and other entities. (Chertoff, 2009) The NIPP defines the organizational structures that provide
the framework for coordination of CIKR protection efforts at all levels of government, their framework includes the action of setting goals and objectives, Identify Assets, Systems and Networks, Assess Risk, consequences, vulnerabilities, and threats. Prioritize, Implement Programs and Measure effectiveness.
The NIPP Conducts research and development and using technology to improve CIKR protection-related capabilities to ensure refined risk assessments for many years into the future. The NIPP assistance programs offers Federal grant assistance to State, local, tribal, and territorial entities; and complement relevant private sector activities. Part of their mission is to make America safer and more secure from cyber attacks and also both man made and natural disasters. Together, the NIPP and SSPs provide the mechanisms for identifying critical assets, systems, and networks, and their associated sectors. In dealing with risk and emergencies the NIPP has Sector Specific Agencies that are assigned certain areas of responsibilities such as Agriculture, Food, Energy and Water. Banking and Finance Communications, in dealing with the potential risk that may befall any of these entities the NIPP takes critical steps to assess, mitigate, protect, and plan for futur ...
In the United States, a number of law enforcement agencies, includin.docx
In the United States, a number of law enforcement agencies, including the Secret Service, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), and the Department of Homeland Security among others have taken on roles to fight computer crimes and terrorism.
Use the Internet or Strayer library to research articles on the efforts of law enforcement agencies to combat digital crimes and digital terrorism, as well as the roles of such agencies in the future of the combat in question.
Write a four to five (4-5) page paper in which you:
Describe the overall impact (e.g., economic, social, etc.) of utilizing information technologies in combatting digital crime and digital terrorism.
Explain the existing challenges that result from the independent nature of the law enforcement agencies within the U.S. with regards to computer crimes and terrorism. Next, propose one (1) strategy that the U.S. could use in order to mitigate the challenges in question.
Explain the fundamental manner in which the U.S. could align the efforts of federal agencies in order to better protect the nation against digital crimes and terrorism.
Give your opinion of the key future trends in digital crime and digital terrorism. Next, provide one (1) overall strategy that the U.S. could use in order to combat digital crime and digital terrorism.
Use at least four (4) quality references for this assignment.
Note
: Wikipedia and similar Websites do not qualify as quality resources.
Required Resource
Taylor, R. W., Fritsch, E. J., & Liederbach, J. (2015).
Digital crime and digital terrorism
(3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
Your assignment must:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
MUST be formatted per the attached document:
APA-Sample-Paper.docx
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
·
Describe future trends in digital crime and terrorism.
·
Describe law enforcement roles and responses.
·
Explain the procedures in the investigation of computer-related crime.
·
Describe the technologies and processes involved in digital forensics.
·
Explain the ethical concerns that information technologies raise in society and the impact of information technologies on crime, terrorism, or war.
·
Use technology and information resources to research issues in information technology in criminal justice.
·
Write clearly and concisely about information technology in criminal justice topics using proper writing mechanics and technical style convention
Grading for this assignment will be based on answer quality, logic / organization of the paper, and language and .
Lesson7-Hacktivism, Terrorism, Espionage, Disinformation Campaigns and Warfar...
This document discusses several topics related to cybercrime, including hacktivism, cyberespionage, cyberterrorism, and cyberwarfare. It provides definitions and examples of each topic. For hacktivism, it describes how some activists have resorted to illegal hacking strategies to draw attention to causes. For cyberespionage, it outlines how nation-states use cyber methods like malware to conduct espionage more easily and avoid risks. It also discusses legal frameworks and challenges responding to these issues across borders.
TestimonyBefore the Subcommittee on National Security,Ve.docx
Testimony
Before the Subcommittee on National Security,
Veterans Affairs, and International Relations;
House Committee on Government Reform
United States General Accounting Office
GAO
For Release on Delivery
Expected at
10:00 a.m., EDT
Friday
October 12, 2001
HOMELAND SECURITY
Key Elements of a Risk
Management Approach
Statement of Raymond J. Decker, Director
Defense Capabilities and Management
GAO-02-150T
Page 1 GAO-02-150T
Mr. Chairman and Members of the Committee:
I appreciate the opportunity to be here today to discuss with you an
approach to manage the risk from terrorism directed at Americans in our
homeland. With the initiation of military operations against terrorist
targets in Afghanistan, senior government officials indicated the need to
be prepared for the potential of another attack on our homeland. There
may be ways to prepare better in the event such an attack does come. We
have undertaken a body of work in the area of combating terrorism, which
has evaluated various facets of federal efforts to address this challenge.
From this work, we identified three essential elements in an effective risk
management approach to prepare better against acts of terrorism. My
testimony today will focus on the three key elements that the federal
government as well as state and local governments and private entities
should adopt to enhance their timely preparedness against potential
threats.
Risk management is a systematic and analytical process to consider the
likelihood that a threat will endanger an asset, individual, or function and
to identify actions to reduce the risk and mitigate the consequences of an
attack. Risk management principles acknowledge that while risk generally
cannot be eliminated, enhancing protection from known or potential
threats can reduce it. A good risk management approach includes three
primary elements: a threat assessment, a vulnerability assessment, and a
criticality assessment. Threat assessments are important decision support
tools that can assist organizations in security-program planning and key
efforts. A threat assessment identifies and evaluates threats based on
various factors, including capability and intentions as well as the potential
lethality of an attack. Over the past several years, we have recommended
that a comprehensive, national threat assessment be conducted by the
appropriate federal agencies. Nonetheless, we will never know whether
we have identified every threat, nor will we have complete information
about the threats that we have identified. Consequently, we believe that
the two other elements of the approach, vulnerability assessments and
criticality assessments, are essential and required to prepare better against
terrorist attacks. A vulnerability assessment is a process that identifies
weaknesses that may be exploited by terrorists and suggests options to
eliminate or mitigate those weaknesses. A criticality assessment is a
process designed to systematically identify and e ...
Cyber Security and Terrorism Research Article2Cybe.docx
Cyber Security and Terrorism Research Article
2
Cyber Security and Terrorism Research Article
Senior Capstone
Introduction
Homeland Security has a wide range of organizations that fills in as a way to deal with shielding the United States locally and universally. These offices incorporate however are not restricted to U.S. Customs and Border Patrol, Transportation Security Administration, United States Coast Guard, Cybersecurity and Infrastructure, and so forth. These offices serves the administration in tending to at least one stages. For instance, The Federal Emergency Management Agency, otherwise called FEMA, is an organization that serves numerous partners in mitigating, planning, responding, and recovering from catastrophic events.
On a bigger degree, Cybersecurity is a developing and learning field that is utilized in Cybersecurity and Infrastructure and different organizations to shield significant specialized data from fear monger assaults, for example, hacking. Its primary unit of examination is the administration where relieving is the stage being polished. This principle point is basic to the Homeland Security and Emergency Management's (HSEM) discipline. As of now, there is an issue of how does Cybersecurity adequately change the danger of psychological militant assaults, wherein there are sure and negative credits to its methods for assurance. Innovation, organize security, basic frameworks including PC frameworks, and so forth is the thing that makes up Cybersecurity.
In spite of the fact that there might be a comprehension of what fear based oppression is, there has not yet been an unequivocal meaning of psychological oppression. As per Wilson, a few definitions for digital fear mongering can result from the assailants expectation while others centers on the impacts of the assault itself (Wilson, 2007). A few assaults can bring about mischief causing the death toll or harm while different assaults may bring about troublesome PCs and dread equivalents to fear based oppression. There should be a control on the yield of what dread is truly delegated with regards to an assault. When an infection occurs on a PC, is the proprietor of that PC apprehensive? On the off chance that the proprietor is apprehensive does it add up to a similar sort of dread starting at an aggressor from an alternate nation causing the infection? This can be alluded to what was the reason for that infection in any case.
When managing Cybersecurity and fear based oppression, there should be a decent measure of assaults occurring on the double or sequentially to cause dread inside the organization or nation. Digital fear mongers are seen assaulting different organizations consecutive for an extensive stretch in result accomplishing their objectives or if nothing else making consideration them (Lewis, 2002). In the event that the fear based oppressor neglects to increase any profit by their assault on a lot of PC frameworks, at that point it would n.
Assignment 4 The Future of Digital Crimes and Digital TerrorismDu.docx
Assignment 4: The Future of Digital Crimes and Digital Terrorism
Due Week 10 and worth 250 points
In the United States, a number of law enforcement agencies, including the Secret Service, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), and the Department of Homeland Security among others have taken on roles to fight computer crimes and terrorism.
Use the Internet or Strayer library to research articles on the efforts of law enforcement agencies to combat digital crimes and digital terrorism, as well as the roles of such agencies in the future of the combat in question.
Write a four to five (4-5) page paper in which you:
Describe the overall impact (e.g., economic, social, etc.) of utilizing information technologies in combatting digital crime and digital terrorism.
Explain the existing challenges that result from the independent nature of the law enforcement agencies within the U.S. with regards to computer crimes and terrorism. Next, propose one (1) strategy that the U.S. could use in order to mitigate the challenges in question.
Explain the fundamental manner in which the U.S. could align the efforts of federal agencies in order to better protect the nation against digital crimes and terrorism.
Give your opinion of the key future trends in digital crime and digital terrorism. Next, provide one (1) overall strategy that the U.S. could use in order to combat digital crime and digital terrorism.
Use at least four (4) quality references for this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and similar Websites do not qualify as quality resources.
Your assignment must:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; references must follow APA or school-specific format.
Assignment 4: The Future of Digital Crimes and Digital Terrorism
Criteria
Unacceptable
Below 60% F
Meets Minimum Expectations
60-69% D
Fair
70-79% C
Proficient
80-89% B
Exemplary
90-100% A
1. Describe the overall impact (e.g., economic, social, etc.) of utilizing information technologies in combatting digital crime and digital terrorism.
Weight: 20%
Did not submit or incompletely described the overall impact (e.g., economic, social, etc.) of utilizing information technologies in combatting digital crime and digital terrorism.
Insufficiently
described the overall impact (e.g., economic, social, etc.) of utilizing information technologies in combatting digital crime and digital terrorism.
Partially described the overall impact (e.g., economic, social, etc.) of utilizing information technologies in combatting digital crime and digital terrorism.
Satisfactorily
described the overall impact (e.g., economic, social, etc.) of utilizing information technologies in combatting digital crime and digital terrorism.
Thoroughly
described the overall impact (e.g., economic, social, etc.) of utilizing information technologies in combatting digital crime and digital terrorism.
2. Explain the existing challenges that result from the independent nature of the law enforce.
PROTECTING THE NATION’S CYBER SYSTEMS 9WHAT ARE THE .docx
PROTECTING THE NATION’S CYBER SYSTEMS 9
WHAT ARE THE METHODS THAT CAN BE EMPLOYED TO REDUCE THE THREAT TO THE NATION’S CYBER SYSTEMS
A Master Thesis
Submitted to the Faculty
Of
American Public University
By
Daniella Rowell
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the degree
Of
Master of Arts
February 2016
American Public University
Charles Town, WV
Introduction and purpose statement
Technology is an intrinsic tool of change in the world today. It has had a very huge impact on how things are done given that it seeks to enhance life in way or another. A new global threat known as cybercrime was introduced in the wake of technological advancements. Cybercrime is basically defined as any unlawful act whereby the perpetrator uses a computer or network in its perpetration or the computer or network is a target. The 21st Century has seen immense changes in how criminals are committing crime as they rely more on computers than ever (Brenner, 2010). Whereas some commit cyber-crimes due to the thrill involved, others are motivated by economic goals such as deriving profits. Consequently, cybercrime is a core issue that needs to be tackled as it has a wide array of motivations, targets and it commission is ever changing.
Comment by Chris: No comma between the author and year in Turabian formatting. The comma goes between the year and page number. Comment by Chris: Is this your purpose statement? You need to clearly state your purpose statement.
“The purpose of this thesis is to…….”
This study seeks to address underlying issues within our society that in one way or another contributes to cyber-crime. These factors range from government policies, societal and personal factors such as a jealous spouse hacking his or her partners account, ideological motivated cybercrime and structural cause whereby more information is stored online hence increase cyber criminals reward. The U.S government for examples lacks an official definition of cybercrime. As a result, this term is used interchangeably to refer to other internet and/or technology related malicious acts. Federal law enforcement agencies on the other hand give cybercrime a legal definition based on their jurisdiction and crimes they are charged with investigating (Kirwan, 2013). Furthermore, there is no national strategy solely focused on fighting cybercrime. Instead, it’s integrated in strategies aimed at fighting other crimes such as Transnational Organized crime among others. Consequently, there is need to communicate a vivid definition of cybercrime to persons vested with authority of carrying out prevention strategies. Cyber criminals form networks which increases difficulty of elimination.
Cyber criminals have made a lot of effort in trying to increase the profitability of their activities. Both small and large businesses are at risk of being victims of cybercrime. One estimate has placed cybercrime as a very costly affair for victims in a research done in twenty four countr.
Mapping Business Challenges to Types of Control © 201.docx
Mapping Business Challenges to Types of Control
© 2014 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company. All rights reserved.
www.jblearning.com Page 1
The goal of any access control system is not simply to keep people out, or to organize who has access to
a particular resource, but to meet a business need. In this exercise, you will identify the impact to the
business caused by this challenge, and then determine an appropriate access control for mitigating that
business impact.
Complete the table below:
Business
Challenge Business Impact Mitigation Technique
Disaster
Prevention
Disaster Recovery
Customer Access
to Data
Maintain
Competitive
Advantage
Running head: CRIME RATE ASSESSMENT
1
CRIME RATE ASSESSMENT
2
Crime Rate Assessment
Crime Rate Assessment
The primary goal of criminological theory is to improve one’s understanding of crime and criminal justice. In simplest terms, crime is the violation of formal and informal laws that govern all people and enhance peace and unity within society. Crime can be outlined based on the main assumptions of the consensus view, conflict view, and interactionist view. The consensus view of crime outlines crime as a basic wrong behavior believed to be severely unacceptable or distasteful in many factors related to society. Besides, the conflict view of crime is a perception of crime as the result of social inequalities and economic approaches benefiting a section/segment of society (Zara & Farrington, 2015). Conflict theorists believe that a certain segment of society; for instance, the capitalist class makes laws designed for self-benefits at the expense of other populations.
Furthermore, the interactionist view of crime demonstrates society as the product of daily social interactions between people. People are capable of creating the meaning of life through their individual interactions with each other. Crime is one of the local and international problems that affect peace and unity amongst societies. Offense starts at the local levels where people conflict with each other for individual or group interests and extends to the international level where terrorist organizations fight against each other or the general public.
What are the current trends in the crime rate?
Crime has been reported in all states of the US and other regions across the world in different forms. For instance, the two current measures of wrongdoing include violent and property crimes. A violent crime occurs almost every day in the United States in the form of homicide, rape, assault, pickpocketing and purse snatching, and robbery. All these acts are not justified in the US constitution as they tamper with human peace, security, and safety. Besides, property crime includes burglary or trespassing, theft of property or cash, and motor vehicle theft. The homicide rate of crime in the US has been dropping for the past 2.5 decades and still keeps on dropping even today due .
A View Of Cyberterrorism Five Years Later
This document provides an assessment of the threat of cyberterrorism five years after an initial assessment. It discusses five categories of indicators that demonstrate terrorist capability or intent to conduct cyberattacks: 1) execution of cyber attacks, 2) acquisition of cyber weapons, 3) statements about cyber attacks, 4) formal IT education, and 5) general cyberspace experience. Two prior studies from 1999-2000 concluded cyberterrorism posed a low threat then, but this assessment is based on evidence found within these five categories to evaluate the current threat, finding some evidence within each category but no acts meeting the definition of cyberterrorism to date.
Approach to preparing for a biological attack (2017)
Approach to preparing for a biological attack
June 2017
Hospital risk management series
The debate on critical issues in science, health, and security encompasses many controversies and ethical challenges. The difference between a naturally occurring outbreak and criminal act of bioterrorism is often challenging to establish, and emergencies have to be handled as they come, regardless of the origin of the incident. The post-incident forensic analysis may or may not offer satisfactory answers in regards to attribution, liability, and the responsibility for compensation. The underlying issue for all ethical concerns examined in this work is the balance between individual rights and the needs of public health systems to protect others.
ANSWER THE QUESTION 250 WORDS MINDiscussion Questions I.docx
**ANSWER THE QUESTION 250 WORDS MIN**
Discussion Questions:
Is cyber the greatest future threat the US faces? If so, explain why. If cyber is not the greatest future threat, what is and why?
**REPLY TO EACH POST 100 WORDS MIN EACH**
1. In the last two decades, there has been considerable increase that threaten the security of the U.S. Our nation is under attack 24/7 by cyber hacker and as a result any infrastructure or even individual can be a victim. Cyber threat factors into critical infrastructure protection and risk management. Cyberspace capabilities play an increasing role on the economic system, public safety and how people communicate, including telecommunication, internet, and sensitive emails. Therefore, the advancements in cyber technology have come along with many risks owing to critical information, hacking and threats to the U.S. In recent years, the U.S. government has been a victim of cybercrime with the threat of national security increasing significantly. According to Quadrennial Homeland Security Review, (2014). “cyberspace is particularly difficult to secure due to a number of factors: the ability of malicious actors to operate from anywhere in the world, the linkage between cyberspace and physical systems, and the difficulty of reducing vulnerabilities and consequences in complex cyber networks” (p. 39). Either directly or indirectly, some foreign governments and/or malicious groups have been taking full advantage of wide range of cyber network to threaten the local community. All level of government policy makers and private sectors provides essential services and constantly learning new ways to prevent the cyber threats facing the homeland. The DHS has set guidelines to ensure that the advantage of cyberspace is only used by the proper agencies that are determined to protect the citizens from external and internal threats. U.S. government utilizes resources that can be exploited to develop guidelines to include national cyber threat objectives, policies and projected levels for funding to ensure that cyber threats are given significant attention and that the strategies to improve national security benefit immensely from cyber security. Additionally, all level of government aims to prioritize the risks and employ cost-effective strategies. Generally, the maintenance of cyber-security offers a perfect way of ensuring that the local community activities are successful.
2. Yes, I would say that cyber is surely the greatest future threat to the United States. So much of the world is reliant on technology and the United States seems to be at the forefront of using that technology to make life easier. The internet and technology are such assets to running business, ensuring security, and even just paying bills but as easy as it is for us to use, its just as easy for criminals to use these same things for the wrong reasons and mass chaos can be a real result of it all. It is said by many that the biggest threat.
CYBER-SECURITY TACTICS IN MITIGATING CYBERCRIMES: A REVIEW AND PROPOSAL
This article underscores the urgent need for a global response to cyber threats, discusses the risks
associated with increasing reliance on technology, and sets the stage for a review focused on understanding and mitigating cybercrimes. In summary, the passage discusses the internet's impact on
national development and the growing problem of cybercrime. It calls for a deeper understanding of the
characteristics and motivations of cybercriminals and highlights several questions that need to be
addressed to effectively combat cybercrime and its detrimental effects on society. The classification of cybercrime is summarized into five categories: Cybercrimes against Persons (including cyber
pornography, cyber stalking, financial cybercrimes, phishing, and vishing), Cybercrimes against Property(involving intellectual property violations, data theft, and "Man in the Middle" attacks), Cybercrimes against Government, Denial of Service (DOS) Attacks, and Other Cybercrimes (comprising data diddling,salami attacks, email bombing, email spoofing, logic bombs, internet time theft, and mobile and wireless technology-related cybercrimes).
Hacking Municipal Government Best Practices for Protection of Sensitive Loc...
1. Local governments are increasingly being targeted by cyber attacks as more infrastructure becomes internet-
connected. This exposes sensitive data and critical systems to risks.
2. State and local governments are often unprepared to deal with cybersecurity threats due to a lack of skilled
personnel and budgetary resources. They also may not adequately share intelligence about threats.
3. The annual cost of cyber attacks on businesses alone is estimated to be between $400-500 billion. Securing critical
infrastructure like power grids against cyber threats will require tremendous resources, with some projections
putting worldwide annual cybersecurity costs at trillions of dollars by 2020.
NSWBCN Strategy All Hazards Interagency Challenges P5 IP HLS650 VC 1501B ...
The document discusses the National Southwest Border Counternarcotic (NSWBCN) strategy and challenges related to securing the US-Mexico border. It outlines the strategic purpose of NSWBCN to stop drug, weapons, and human trafficking across the southwest border. It describes primary threats like terrorist groups transporting weapons of mass destruction and secondary threats like relationships between drug cartels and terrorist organizations. It emphasizes the need for improved cooperation between agencies like CBP, FBI, ICE, and DEA. Securing the vast and remote border is challenging due to limited resources, lack of infrastructure like fencing, and risks to border agents from armed criminal organizations.
Confrance presntstation
This document discusses the importance of information sharing in combating terrorism. It argues that one of the key reasons governments have struggled to curb terrorism is a lack of effective information sharing between agencies. The document proposes that electronic information sharing (EIS) could help develop better tools for intelligence gathering and counterterrorism efforts by facilitating coordination, collaboration, and real-time information exchange between intelligence communities, government agencies, and other stakeholders. Effective EIS may allow for improved decision-making, risk management, and emergency response by inventorying assets and promoting a culture of multidirectional information sharing.
A REVIEW OF CYBERSECURITY AS AN EFFECTIVE TOOL FOR FIGHTING IDENTITY THEFT AC...
The study is focused on identity theft and cybersecurity in United States. Hence, the study is aimed at examining the impact of cybersecurity on identity theft in United States using a time series data which covers the period between 2001 and 2021. Trend analysis of complaints of identity theft and cybersecurity over the years was conducted; also, the nature of relationship between the two variables was established. Chi-Square analysis was used to examine the impact of cybersecurity on identity theft in United States. Line graphs were used to analyze the trend in the variable. Time series data was used in the study and the data was obtained from secondary sources; Statista.com, US Federal Trade Commission, Insurance Information Institute and Identitytheft.org. Result from the study revealed that consumers’ complaints on identity theft were on the increase every year. Total spending of the economy (both private and public
sector) on cybersecurity was on continuous increase over the years. More than 100% of spending in 2010 as incurred in 2018. The Chi-Square analysis revealed that cybersecurity does not have significant impact on identity theft. The study recommended that the government increase the level of public awareness to ensure that members of the public protect their personal and other information to ensure that they are not compromised for fraud or identity theft. Organizations also need to invest more in the security system and develop policies that will support the security system. At the country level, international treaties and collaboration should be encouraged to prosecute the fraudsters hiding behind national borders.
How does Terrorism Effect on Business and Relation Between Countries
The international business or IB is threatened by the indirect and direct effects of terrorism. Since the moment governments have tightened the safety of public sites, the various businesses have turned into exponential attractive targets for terrorist attacks, with vital implications for the performance and operations of the companies that are multinational in nature. Though, substantial studies have been done in different fields about terrorism, less scholarly research has been done on the various challenges which it inflicts upon international business as well as how to address terrorism as a problem. Through this particular article we would conceptualize the terrorism concerned with international business. The background on effects and dimensions of terrorism as well as developing theoretical grounding for researching terrorism by sketching on literature provided by international business, political science, economics and different sectors; shall be provided by us. Once discussion on findings from review of the literature is done, a comprehensive program for subsequent research concerning the connection between international business and terrorism is offered by us. The program that we offer emphasizes on the effects of organizational preparedness, terrorism, company performance and its strategy, global distribution and global supply channels, as well as the issues pertaining human resource. The review that we render, aid in establishing a baseline that further assists in empirical research in the future. This consistent with research in an early stage, international business scholars get encouragement to offer perspectives as well as effective solution that are useful and throw required light on the various aspects of terrorism and also aid in reducing its devastating effects for multinational firms and international business.. Prof. Sidharth S. Raju | Pooja"How does Terrorism Effect on Business and Relation Between Countries" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-6 , October 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd4598.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/management/international-business-issues/4598/how-does-terrorism-effect-on-business-and-relation--between-countries/prof-sidharth-s-raju
Homeland Security Bill
The homeland security bill aims to prevent loss of life and property from disasters through collaboration and information sharing to recognize threats. It applies to preventing both terrorism and natural disasters by introducing preventive measures. Police need contingency plans to continue operating during recovery periods, while their role in recovery is secondary to organizations like FEMA. The bill also raises training requirements and funds for responders to hazards like terrorism.
William Strong1. Explain what is meant by the collaborations bet.docx
William Strong
1. Explain what is meant by the collaborations between port security and enforcement operations.
Collaborations between port security and enforcement operations is paramount. Although security officers and law enforcement officers have the same mission which is to keep the port secured, one will always have more authority than the other. Port security has a broad spectrum not limited to gate guards, check points, roving patrols and surveillance. Even though port security may seem like an all-in one but there are limits of each section. Private security agencies have a strong foot hold in the fight against terror in the United States.
Enforcement operations are the actions from the planning and briefings that are conducted every day. As enforcement, the unit must go out and enforce the rules, regulations and laws of which are written in the maritime laws and the United States. Enforcement has the responsibility for making arrest and conducting the searches on the vehicle, people and vessels that enter the port.
The communication between the private security and the United States government is a relationship that requires an understanding on which section does what. Communication is paramount in the security world and all sections need to work as a team to succeed.
2. Discuss the priorities detailed in the 2013 DNI Threat Assessment Report?
The Director of National Intelligence covered almost about everything involving the national security on the United States regarding many countries in the Middle East, Europe, Africa and South America. The report also included many categories such as weapons of mass destruction, cybercrime and food. Weapons of mass destruction can be made out of many things and it is difficult to keep track of all the house hold products that can make a bad day for the public. Cybercrime is on the top of the list due to everything is connected to the internet. With cybercrimes that are influenced by other countries, they can harm the Unites States infrastructure by creating a panic in the economy. Food may seem like a small worry but food is a major factor in everyday life. If the food industry would to be contaminated with a virus it could cause an epidemic that could be fatal to thousands.
All sections in the DNI 2013 report are important, many have a higher level of concern due to the lives at risk and the areas that can be affected by a terrorist attack.
Reference
Christopher, K. (2014). Port security management (2nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press
Clapper, J. (2013). Worldwide Threat Assessment of the US Intelligence Community. Statement for the record. Senate Committee on Armed Service.
Duane LeClair
1. Explain what is meant by the collaborations between port security and enforcement operations.
In order to have and maintain a secure port facility, the port facility security officer, and staff, must have a working relationship with state and local law enforcement departme.
Discussion topic 2Cyber AttacksDefine the term hacking.How migh.docx
Discussion topic 2:Cyber Attacks
Define the term hacking.
How might a computer hacker illegally gain access to a computer and manipulate data?
What are computer viruses and how do they enter computer systems? What kind of harm can they do to a company’s computer system?
Give an example of a computer virus.
.
Discussion topicFor this weeks discussion, review the normal prof.docx
Discussion topic
For this week's discussion, review the normal profiles for children ages 4 months to 2-years-old and post responses to the following:
Based upon the five assessment categories of motor, play, adaptive, social, and language, identify possible environmental hazards for children under the age of 2.
How might the environment negatively influence a toddler’s normal development?
How might complications with pregnancy affect a young infant?
.
More Related Content
Similar to Reply to post 1 & 2 with 150 words eachPost 1Of the six
Brian Wrote There is a wide range of cybersecurity initiatives .docx
Brian Wrote :
There is a wide range of cybersecurity initiatives that exist on the international level through collaborative efforts between the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and numerous organizational units (UMUC, 2012). According to UMUC (2012), some examples of these initiatives are:
· Federal Law Enforcement Training Center
· National Cyber Security Division
· National Communications System
· Office of Infrastructure Protection
· Office of Operations Coordination
· Privacy Office
· U.S. Secret Service
· U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
· Organization of American States Assistance
“The National Cyber Security Division works to secure cyberspace and America’s cyber assets in cooperation with public, private, and international entities” (UMUC, 2012). This is done using several strategic plans and directives, such as the Presidential Decision Directive 7, the Information Technology Sector Specific Plan, the National Strategy to Secure Cyber Space, National Infrastructure Preparedness Plan, and the National Response Plan (UMUC, 2012). A challenge that the National Cyber Security Division faces in providing an effective deterrent to cybersecurity threats are the constant evolving technologies. These include for both good and bad. Cyber attacks are constantly evolving and so are the technologies use to protect from them. In order for the National Cyber Security Division to effectively deter them not only do they have to stay up-to-date but also so do all of the strategic plans and directives that they use.
Another initiative is the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC) that emerged in the 1980s. This initiative puts forth “efforts to counter international hijackings and financial crimes” (UMUC, 2012). It now also extends law enforcement abroad to help against terrorist activity, international crime, and drug-trafficking (UMUC, 2012). It does those with the partner of Department of State. A challenge that the FLETC faces in providing an effective deterrent to cybersecurity threats are their international limitations. All though they have partnered abroad with select foreign nations they still have restrictions and limitations as to what exactly they can do.
Justin Wrote:
Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties (MLATs) are established between two or more nations and provide a formal means of exchanging evidence and information pertaining to criminal acts or cases that occur outside of a nation’s legal jurisdiction. The primary issue associated with MLATs and cybercrime is the inconsistency of host nation laws. Many nations feel that the idea of a global anti-crime initiative may contradict a nation’s fundamental principles (Finklea & Theohary, 2012, p.24). There is no standardized definition for cybercrime which means that one nation may view a virtual act as a crime and the other, with which the MLAT exists, may not. If the two nations agree on the legality of the act then the requesting nation may sub ...
HM502Unit 5 DQTopic 1 Infrastructure ProtectionA detailed
HM502
Unit 5 DQ
Topic 1: Infrastructure Protection
A detailed discussion of threats to and the process of protecting critical infrastructure and key resources (CI/KR) sectors from man-made and natural disasters are essential for understanding one of the main missions of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS). In detailed analysis of threats and protection challenges, several CI/KR sectors have emerged that require the attention of DHS professionals. These sectors include:
· Agriculture and Food
· Banking and Finance
· Communications
· Defense Industrial Base
· Energy
· Information Technology
· National Monuments and Icons
· Transportation Systems
· Water
What are some of the major threats to the CI/KR sectors identified above? Discuss some of the critical vulnerabilities of these CI/KR sectors. What are some of the prime consequences if these CI/KR sectors are damaged or destroyed? Describe DHS plans to deter threats, mitigate vulnerabilities, and minimize consequences.
Topic 1 Student Response #1 (Respond to Jeffery)
Jeffery Bailey
Hello classmates/Professor
The Homeland Security Act of 2002 provides the basis for Department of Homeland Security (DHS) responsibilities in the protection of the Nation’s CIKR. The act assigns DHS the responsibility for developing a comprehensive national plan for securing CIKR and for recommending the “measures necessary to protect the key resources and critical infrastructure of the United States coordination with other agencies of the Federal Government and in cooperation with State and
local government agencies and authorities, the private sector, and other entities. (Chertoff, 2009) The NIPP defines the organizational structures that provide
the framework for coordination of CIKR protection efforts at all levels of government, their framework includes the action of setting goals and objectives, Identify Assets, Systems and Networks, Assess Risk, consequences, vulnerabilities, and threats. Prioritize, Implement Programs and Measure effectiveness.
The NIPP Conducts research and development and using technology to improve CIKR protection-related capabilities to ensure refined risk assessments for many years into the future. The NIPP assistance programs offers Federal grant assistance to State, local, tribal, and territorial entities; and complement relevant private sector activities. Part of their mission is to make America safer and more secure from cyber attacks and also both man made and natural disasters. Together, the NIPP and SSPs provide the mechanisms for identifying critical assets, systems, and networks, and their associated sectors. In dealing with risk and emergencies the NIPP has Sector Specific Agencies that are assigned certain areas of responsibilities such as Agriculture, Food, Energy and Water. Banking and Finance Communications, in dealing with the potential risk that may befall any of these entities the NIPP takes critical steps to assess, mitigate, protect, and plan for futur ...
In the United States, a number of law enforcement agencies, includin.docx
In the United States, a number of law enforcement agencies, including the Secret Service, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), and the Department of Homeland Security among others have taken on roles to fight computer crimes and terrorism.
Use the Internet or Strayer library to research articles on the efforts of law enforcement agencies to combat digital crimes and digital terrorism, as well as the roles of such agencies in the future of the combat in question.
Write a four to five (4-5) page paper in which you:
Describe the overall impact (e.g., economic, social, etc.) of utilizing information technologies in combatting digital crime and digital terrorism.
Explain the existing challenges that result from the independent nature of the law enforcement agencies within the U.S. with regards to computer crimes and terrorism. Next, propose one (1) strategy that the U.S. could use in order to mitigate the challenges in question.
Explain the fundamental manner in which the U.S. could align the efforts of federal agencies in order to better protect the nation against digital crimes and terrorism.
Give your opinion of the key future trends in digital crime and digital terrorism. Next, provide one (1) overall strategy that the U.S. could use in order to combat digital crime and digital terrorism.
Use at least four (4) quality references for this assignment.
Note
: Wikipedia and similar Websites do not qualify as quality resources.
Required Resource
Taylor, R. W., Fritsch, E. J., & Liederbach, J. (2015).
Digital crime and digital terrorism
(3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
Your assignment must:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
MUST be formatted per the attached document:
APA-Sample-Paper.docx
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
·
Describe future trends in digital crime and terrorism.
·
Describe law enforcement roles and responses.
·
Explain the procedures in the investigation of computer-related crime.
·
Describe the technologies and processes involved in digital forensics.
·
Explain the ethical concerns that information technologies raise in society and the impact of information technologies on crime, terrorism, or war.
·
Use technology and information resources to research issues in information technology in criminal justice.
·
Write clearly and concisely about information technology in criminal justice topics using proper writing mechanics and technical style convention
Grading for this assignment will be based on answer quality, logic / organization of the paper, and language and .
Lesson7-Hacktivism, Terrorism, Espionage, Disinformation Campaigns and Warfar...
This document discusses several topics related to cybercrime, including hacktivism, cyberespionage, cyberterrorism, and cyberwarfare. It provides definitions and examples of each topic. For hacktivism, it describes how some activists have resorted to illegal hacking strategies to draw attention to causes. For cyberespionage, it outlines how nation-states use cyber methods like malware to conduct espionage more easily and avoid risks. It also discusses legal frameworks and challenges responding to these issues across borders.
TestimonyBefore the Subcommittee on National Security,Ve.docx
Testimony
Before the Subcommittee on National Security,
Veterans Affairs, and International Relations;
House Committee on Government Reform
United States General Accounting Office
GAO
For Release on Delivery
Expected at
10:00 a.m., EDT
Friday
October 12, 2001
HOMELAND SECURITY
Key Elements of a Risk
Management Approach
Statement of Raymond J. Decker, Director
Defense Capabilities and Management
GAO-02-150T
Page 1 GAO-02-150T
Mr. Chairman and Members of the Committee:
I appreciate the opportunity to be here today to discuss with you an
approach to manage the risk from terrorism directed at Americans in our
homeland. With the initiation of military operations against terrorist
targets in Afghanistan, senior government officials indicated the need to
be prepared for the potential of another attack on our homeland. There
may be ways to prepare better in the event such an attack does come. We
have undertaken a body of work in the area of combating terrorism, which
has evaluated various facets of federal efforts to address this challenge.
From this work, we identified three essential elements in an effective risk
management approach to prepare better against acts of terrorism. My
testimony today will focus on the three key elements that the federal
government as well as state and local governments and private entities
should adopt to enhance their timely preparedness against potential
threats.
Risk management is a systematic and analytical process to consider the
likelihood that a threat will endanger an asset, individual, or function and
to identify actions to reduce the risk and mitigate the consequences of an
attack. Risk management principles acknowledge that while risk generally
cannot be eliminated, enhancing protection from known or potential
threats can reduce it. A good risk management approach includes three
primary elements: a threat assessment, a vulnerability assessment, and a
criticality assessment. Threat assessments are important decision support
tools that can assist organizations in security-program planning and key
efforts. A threat assessment identifies and evaluates threats based on
various factors, including capability and intentions as well as the potential
lethality of an attack. Over the past several years, we have recommended
that a comprehensive, national threat assessment be conducted by the
appropriate federal agencies. Nonetheless, we will never know whether
we have identified every threat, nor will we have complete information
about the threats that we have identified. Consequently, we believe that
the two other elements of the approach, vulnerability assessments and
criticality assessments, are essential and required to prepare better against
terrorist attacks. A vulnerability assessment is a process that identifies
weaknesses that may be exploited by terrorists and suggests options to
eliminate or mitigate those weaknesses. A criticality assessment is a
process designed to systematically identify and e ...
Cyber Security and Terrorism Research Article2Cybe.docx
Cyber Security and Terrorism Research Article
2
Cyber Security and Terrorism Research Article
Senior Capstone
Introduction
Homeland Security has a wide range of organizations that fills in as a way to deal with shielding the United States locally and universally. These offices incorporate however are not restricted to U.S. Customs and Border Patrol, Transportation Security Administration, United States Coast Guard, Cybersecurity and Infrastructure, and so forth. These offices serves the administration in tending to at least one stages. For instance, The Federal Emergency Management Agency, otherwise called FEMA, is an organization that serves numerous partners in mitigating, planning, responding, and recovering from catastrophic events.
On a bigger degree, Cybersecurity is a developing and learning field that is utilized in Cybersecurity and Infrastructure and different organizations to shield significant specialized data from fear monger assaults, for example, hacking. Its primary unit of examination is the administration where relieving is the stage being polished. This principle point is basic to the Homeland Security and Emergency Management's (HSEM) discipline. As of now, there is an issue of how does Cybersecurity adequately change the danger of psychological militant assaults, wherein there are sure and negative credits to its methods for assurance. Innovation, organize security, basic frameworks including PC frameworks, and so forth is the thing that makes up Cybersecurity.
In spite of the fact that there might be a comprehension of what fear based oppression is, there has not yet been an unequivocal meaning of psychological oppression. As per Wilson, a few definitions for digital fear mongering can result from the assailants expectation while others centers on the impacts of the assault itself (Wilson, 2007). A few assaults can bring about mischief causing the death toll or harm while different assaults may bring about troublesome PCs and dread equivalents to fear based oppression. There should be a control on the yield of what dread is truly delegated with regards to an assault. When an infection occurs on a PC, is the proprietor of that PC apprehensive? On the off chance that the proprietor is apprehensive does it add up to a similar sort of dread starting at an aggressor from an alternate nation causing the infection? This can be alluded to what was the reason for that infection in any case.
When managing Cybersecurity and fear based oppression, there should be a decent measure of assaults occurring on the double or sequentially to cause dread inside the organization or nation. Digital fear mongers are seen assaulting different organizations consecutive for an extensive stretch in result accomplishing their objectives or if nothing else making consideration them (Lewis, 2002). In the event that the fear based oppressor neglects to increase any profit by their assault on a lot of PC frameworks, at that point it would n.
Assignment 4 The Future of Digital Crimes and Digital TerrorismDu.docx
Assignment 4: The Future of Digital Crimes and Digital Terrorism
Due Week 10 and worth 250 points
In the United States, a number of law enforcement agencies, including the Secret Service, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), and the Department of Homeland Security among others have taken on roles to fight computer crimes and terrorism.
Use the Internet or Strayer library to research articles on the efforts of law enforcement agencies to combat digital crimes and digital terrorism, as well as the roles of such agencies in the future of the combat in question.
Write a four to five (4-5) page paper in which you:
Describe the overall impact (e.g., economic, social, etc.) of utilizing information technologies in combatting digital crime and digital terrorism.
Explain the existing challenges that result from the independent nature of the law enforcement agencies within the U.S. with regards to computer crimes and terrorism. Next, propose one (1) strategy that the U.S. could use in order to mitigate the challenges in question.
Explain the fundamental manner in which the U.S. could align the efforts of federal agencies in order to better protect the nation against digital crimes and terrorism.
Give your opinion of the key future trends in digital crime and digital terrorism. Next, provide one (1) overall strategy that the U.S. could use in order to combat digital crime and digital terrorism.
Use at least four (4) quality references for this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and similar Websites do not qualify as quality resources.
Your assignment must:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; references must follow APA or school-specific format.
Assignment 4: The Future of Digital Crimes and Digital Terrorism
Criteria
Unacceptable
Below 60% F
Meets Minimum Expectations
60-69% D
Fair
70-79% C
Proficient
80-89% B
Exemplary
90-100% A
1. Describe the overall impact (e.g., economic, social, etc.) of utilizing information technologies in combatting digital crime and digital terrorism.
Weight: 20%
Did not submit or incompletely described the overall impact (e.g., economic, social, etc.) of utilizing information technologies in combatting digital crime and digital terrorism.
Insufficiently
described the overall impact (e.g., economic, social, etc.) of utilizing information technologies in combatting digital crime and digital terrorism.
Partially described the overall impact (e.g., economic, social, etc.) of utilizing information technologies in combatting digital crime and digital terrorism.
Satisfactorily
described the overall impact (e.g., economic, social, etc.) of utilizing information technologies in combatting digital crime and digital terrorism.
Thoroughly
described the overall impact (e.g., economic, social, etc.) of utilizing information technologies in combatting digital crime and digital terrorism.
2. Explain the existing challenges that result from the independent nature of the law enforce.
PROTECTING THE NATION’S CYBER SYSTEMS 9WHAT ARE THE .docx
PROTECTING THE NATION’S CYBER SYSTEMS 9
WHAT ARE THE METHODS THAT CAN BE EMPLOYED TO REDUCE THE THREAT TO THE NATION’S CYBER SYSTEMS
A Master Thesis
Submitted to the Faculty
Of
American Public University
By
Daniella Rowell
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the degree
Of
Master of Arts
February 2016
American Public University
Charles Town, WV
Introduction and purpose statement
Technology is an intrinsic tool of change in the world today. It has had a very huge impact on how things are done given that it seeks to enhance life in way or another. A new global threat known as cybercrime was introduced in the wake of technological advancements. Cybercrime is basically defined as any unlawful act whereby the perpetrator uses a computer or network in its perpetration or the computer or network is a target. The 21st Century has seen immense changes in how criminals are committing crime as they rely more on computers than ever (Brenner, 2010). Whereas some commit cyber-crimes due to the thrill involved, others are motivated by economic goals such as deriving profits. Consequently, cybercrime is a core issue that needs to be tackled as it has a wide array of motivations, targets and it commission is ever changing.
Comment by Chris: No comma between the author and year in Turabian formatting. The comma goes between the year and page number. Comment by Chris: Is this your purpose statement? You need to clearly state your purpose statement.
“The purpose of this thesis is to…….”
This study seeks to address underlying issues within our society that in one way or another contributes to cyber-crime. These factors range from government policies, societal and personal factors such as a jealous spouse hacking his or her partners account, ideological motivated cybercrime and structural cause whereby more information is stored online hence increase cyber criminals reward. The U.S government for examples lacks an official definition of cybercrime. As a result, this term is used interchangeably to refer to other internet and/or technology related malicious acts. Federal law enforcement agencies on the other hand give cybercrime a legal definition based on their jurisdiction and crimes they are charged with investigating (Kirwan, 2013). Furthermore, there is no national strategy solely focused on fighting cybercrime. Instead, it’s integrated in strategies aimed at fighting other crimes such as Transnational Organized crime among others. Consequently, there is need to communicate a vivid definition of cybercrime to persons vested with authority of carrying out prevention strategies. Cyber criminals form networks which increases difficulty of elimination.
Cyber criminals have made a lot of effort in trying to increase the profitability of their activities. Both small and large businesses are at risk of being victims of cybercrime. One estimate has placed cybercrime as a very costly affair for victims in a research done in twenty four countr.
Mapping Business Challenges to Types of Control © 201.docx
Mapping Business Challenges to Types of Control
© 2014 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company. All rights reserved.
www.jblearning.com Page 1
The goal of any access control system is not simply to keep people out, or to organize who has access to
a particular resource, but to meet a business need. In this exercise, you will identify the impact to the
business caused by this challenge, and then determine an appropriate access control for mitigating that
business impact.
Complete the table below:
Business
Challenge Business Impact Mitigation Technique
Disaster
Prevention
Disaster Recovery
Customer Access
to Data
Maintain
Competitive
Advantage
Running head: CRIME RATE ASSESSMENT
1
CRIME RATE ASSESSMENT
2
Crime Rate Assessment
Crime Rate Assessment
The primary goal of criminological theory is to improve one’s understanding of crime and criminal justice. In simplest terms, crime is the violation of formal and informal laws that govern all people and enhance peace and unity within society. Crime can be outlined based on the main assumptions of the consensus view, conflict view, and interactionist view. The consensus view of crime outlines crime as a basic wrong behavior believed to be severely unacceptable or distasteful in many factors related to society. Besides, the conflict view of crime is a perception of crime as the result of social inequalities and economic approaches benefiting a section/segment of society (Zara & Farrington, 2015). Conflict theorists believe that a certain segment of society; for instance, the capitalist class makes laws designed for self-benefits at the expense of other populations.
Furthermore, the interactionist view of crime demonstrates society as the product of daily social interactions between people. People are capable of creating the meaning of life through their individual interactions with each other. Crime is one of the local and international problems that affect peace and unity amongst societies. Offense starts at the local levels where people conflict with each other for individual or group interests and extends to the international level where terrorist organizations fight against each other or the general public.
What are the current trends in the crime rate?
Crime has been reported in all states of the US and other regions across the world in different forms. For instance, the two current measures of wrongdoing include violent and property crimes. A violent crime occurs almost every day in the United States in the form of homicide, rape, assault, pickpocketing and purse snatching, and robbery. All these acts are not justified in the US constitution as they tamper with human peace, security, and safety. Besides, property crime includes burglary or trespassing, theft of property or cash, and motor vehicle theft. The homicide rate of crime in the US has been dropping for the past 2.5 decades and still keeps on dropping even today due .
A View Of Cyberterrorism Five Years Later
This document provides an assessment of the threat of cyberterrorism five years after an initial assessment. It discusses five categories of indicators that demonstrate terrorist capability or intent to conduct cyberattacks: 1) execution of cyber attacks, 2) acquisition of cyber weapons, 3) statements about cyber attacks, 4) formal IT education, and 5) general cyberspace experience. Two prior studies from 1999-2000 concluded cyberterrorism posed a low threat then, but this assessment is based on evidence found within these five categories to evaluate the current threat, finding some evidence within each category but no acts meeting the definition of cyberterrorism to date.
Approach to preparing for a biological attack (2017)
Approach to preparing for a biological attack
June 2017
Hospital risk management series
The debate on critical issues in science, health, and security encompasses many controversies and ethical challenges. The difference between a naturally occurring outbreak and criminal act of bioterrorism is often challenging to establish, and emergencies have to be handled as they come, regardless of the origin of the incident. The post-incident forensic analysis may or may not offer satisfactory answers in regards to attribution, liability, and the responsibility for compensation. The underlying issue for all ethical concerns examined in this work is the balance between individual rights and the needs of public health systems to protect others.
ANSWER THE QUESTION 250 WORDS MINDiscussion Questions I.docx
**ANSWER THE QUESTION 250 WORDS MIN**
Discussion Questions:
Is cyber the greatest future threat the US faces? If so, explain why. If cyber is not the greatest future threat, what is and why?
**REPLY TO EACH POST 100 WORDS MIN EACH**
1. In the last two decades, there has been considerable increase that threaten the security of the U.S. Our nation is under attack 24/7 by cyber hacker and as a result any infrastructure or even individual can be a victim. Cyber threat factors into critical infrastructure protection and risk management. Cyberspace capabilities play an increasing role on the economic system, public safety and how people communicate, including telecommunication, internet, and sensitive emails. Therefore, the advancements in cyber technology have come along with many risks owing to critical information, hacking and threats to the U.S. In recent years, the U.S. government has been a victim of cybercrime with the threat of national security increasing significantly. According to Quadrennial Homeland Security Review, (2014). “cyberspace is particularly difficult to secure due to a number of factors: the ability of malicious actors to operate from anywhere in the world, the linkage between cyberspace and physical systems, and the difficulty of reducing vulnerabilities and consequences in complex cyber networks” (p. 39). Either directly or indirectly, some foreign governments and/or malicious groups have been taking full advantage of wide range of cyber network to threaten the local community. All level of government policy makers and private sectors provides essential services and constantly learning new ways to prevent the cyber threats facing the homeland. The DHS has set guidelines to ensure that the advantage of cyberspace is only used by the proper agencies that are determined to protect the citizens from external and internal threats. U.S. government utilizes resources that can be exploited to develop guidelines to include national cyber threat objectives, policies and projected levels for funding to ensure that cyber threats are given significant attention and that the strategies to improve national security benefit immensely from cyber security. Additionally, all level of government aims to prioritize the risks and employ cost-effective strategies. Generally, the maintenance of cyber-security offers a perfect way of ensuring that the local community activities are successful.
2. Yes, I would say that cyber is surely the greatest future threat to the United States. So much of the world is reliant on technology and the United States seems to be at the forefront of using that technology to make life easier. The internet and technology are such assets to running business, ensuring security, and even just paying bills but as easy as it is for us to use, its just as easy for criminals to use these same things for the wrong reasons and mass chaos can be a real result of it all. It is said by many that the biggest threat.
CYBER-SECURITY TACTICS IN MITIGATING CYBERCRIMES: A REVIEW AND PROPOSAL
This article underscores the urgent need for a global response to cyber threats, discusses the risks
associated with increasing reliance on technology, and sets the stage for a review focused on understanding and mitigating cybercrimes. In summary, the passage discusses the internet's impact on
national development and the growing problem of cybercrime. It calls for a deeper understanding of the
characteristics and motivations of cybercriminals and highlights several questions that need to be
addressed to effectively combat cybercrime and its detrimental effects on society. The classification of cybercrime is summarized into five categories: Cybercrimes against Persons (including cyber
pornography, cyber stalking, financial cybercrimes, phishing, and vishing), Cybercrimes against Property(involving intellectual property violations, data theft, and "Man in the Middle" attacks), Cybercrimes against Government, Denial of Service (DOS) Attacks, and Other Cybercrimes (comprising data diddling,salami attacks, email bombing, email spoofing, logic bombs, internet time theft, and mobile and wireless technology-related cybercrimes).
Hacking Municipal Government Best Practices for Protection of Sensitive Loc...
1. Local governments are increasingly being targeted by cyber attacks as more infrastructure becomes internet-
connected. This exposes sensitive data and critical systems to risks.
2. State and local governments are often unprepared to deal with cybersecurity threats due to a lack of skilled
personnel and budgetary resources. They also may not adequately share intelligence about threats.
3. The annual cost of cyber attacks on businesses alone is estimated to be between $400-500 billion. Securing critical
infrastructure like power grids against cyber threats will require tremendous resources, with some projections
putting worldwide annual cybersecurity costs at trillions of dollars by 2020.
NSWBCN Strategy All Hazards Interagency Challenges P5 IP HLS650 VC 1501B ...
The document discusses the National Southwest Border Counternarcotic (NSWBCN) strategy and challenges related to securing the US-Mexico border. It outlines the strategic purpose of NSWBCN to stop drug, weapons, and human trafficking across the southwest border. It describes primary threats like terrorist groups transporting weapons of mass destruction and secondary threats like relationships between drug cartels and terrorist organizations. It emphasizes the need for improved cooperation between agencies like CBP, FBI, ICE, and DEA. Securing the vast and remote border is challenging due to limited resources, lack of infrastructure like fencing, and risks to border agents from armed criminal organizations.
Confrance presntstation
This document discusses the importance of information sharing in combating terrorism. It argues that one of the key reasons governments have struggled to curb terrorism is a lack of effective information sharing between agencies. The document proposes that electronic information sharing (EIS) could help develop better tools for intelligence gathering and counterterrorism efforts by facilitating coordination, collaboration, and real-time information exchange between intelligence communities, government agencies, and other stakeholders. Effective EIS may allow for improved decision-making, risk management, and emergency response by inventorying assets and promoting a culture of multidirectional information sharing.
A REVIEW OF CYBERSECURITY AS AN EFFECTIVE TOOL FOR FIGHTING IDENTITY THEFT AC...
The study is focused on identity theft and cybersecurity in United States. Hence, the study is aimed at examining the impact of cybersecurity on identity theft in United States using a time series data which covers the period between 2001 and 2021. Trend analysis of complaints of identity theft and cybersecurity over the years was conducted; also, the nature of relationship between the two variables was established. Chi-Square analysis was used to examine the impact of cybersecurity on identity theft in United States. Line graphs were used to analyze the trend in the variable. Time series data was used in the study and the data was obtained from secondary sources; Statista.com, US Federal Trade Commission, Insurance Information Institute and Identitytheft.org. Result from the study revealed that consumers’ complaints on identity theft were on the increase every year. Total spending of the economy (both private and public
sector) on cybersecurity was on continuous increase over the years. More than 100% of spending in 2010 as incurred in 2018. The Chi-Square analysis revealed that cybersecurity does not have significant impact on identity theft. The study recommended that the government increase the level of public awareness to ensure that members of the public protect their personal and other information to ensure that they are not compromised for fraud or identity theft. Organizations also need to invest more in the security system and develop policies that will support the security system. At the country level, international treaties and collaboration should be encouraged to prosecute the fraudsters hiding behind national borders.
How does Terrorism Effect on Business and Relation Between Countries
The international business or IB is threatened by the indirect and direct effects of terrorism. Since the moment governments have tightened the safety of public sites, the various businesses have turned into exponential attractive targets for terrorist attacks, with vital implications for the performance and operations of the companies that are multinational in nature. Though, substantial studies have been done in different fields about terrorism, less scholarly research has been done on the various challenges which it inflicts upon international business as well as how to address terrorism as a problem. Through this particular article we would conceptualize the terrorism concerned with international business. The background on effects and dimensions of terrorism as well as developing theoretical grounding for researching terrorism by sketching on literature provided by international business, political science, economics and different sectors; shall be provided by us. Once discussion on findings from review of the literature is done, a comprehensive program for subsequent research concerning the connection between international business and terrorism is offered by us. The program that we offer emphasizes on the effects of organizational preparedness, terrorism, company performance and its strategy, global distribution and global supply channels, as well as the issues pertaining human resource. The review that we render, aid in establishing a baseline that further assists in empirical research in the future. This consistent with research in an early stage, international business scholars get encouragement to offer perspectives as well as effective solution that are useful and throw required light on the various aspects of terrorism and also aid in reducing its devastating effects for multinational firms and international business.. Prof. Sidharth S. Raju | Pooja"How does Terrorism Effect on Business and Relation Between Countries" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-6 , October 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd4598.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/management/international-business-issues/4598/how-does-terrorism-effect-on-business-and-relation--between-countries/prof-sidharth-s-raju
Homeland Security Bill
The homeland security bill aims to prevent loss of life and property from disasters through collaboration and information sharing to recognize threats. It applies to preventing both terrorism and natural disasters by introducing preventive measures. Police need contingency plans to continue operating during recovery periods, while their role in recovery is secondary to organizations like FEMA. The bill also raises training requirements and funds for responders to hazards like terrorism.
William Strong1. Explain what is meant by the collaborations bet.docx
William Strong
1. Explain what is meant by the collaborations between port security and enforcement operations.
Collaborations between port security and enforcement operations is paramount. Although security officers and law enforcement officers have the same mission which is to keep the port secured, one will always have more authority than the other. Port security has a broad spectrum not limited to gate guards, check points, roving patrols and surveillance. Even though port security may seem like an all-in one but there are limits of each section. Private security agencies have a strong foot hold in the fight against terror in the United States.
Enforcement operations are the actions from the planning and briefings that are conducted every day. As enforcement, the unit must go out and enforce the rules, regulations and laws of which are written in the maritime laws and the United States. Enforcement has the responsibility for making arrest and conducting the searches on the vehicle, people and vessels that enter the port.
The communication between the private security and the United States government is a relationship that requires an understanding on which section does what. Communication is paramount in the security world and all sections need to work as a team to succeed.
2. Discuss the priorities detailed in the 2013 DNI Threat Assessment Report?
The Director of National Intelligence covered almost about everything involving the national security on the United States regarding many countries in the Middle East, Europe, Africa and South America. The report also included many categories such as weapons of mass destruction, cybercrime and food. Weapons of mass destruction can be made out of many things and it is difficult to keep track of all the house hold products that can make a bad day for the public. Cybercrime is on the top of the list due to everything is connected to the internet. With cybercrimes that are influenced by other countries, they can harm the Unites States infrastructure by creating a panic in the economy. Food may seem like a small worry but food is a major factor in everyday life. If the food industry would to be contaminated with a virus it could cause an epidemic that could be fatal to thousands.
All sections in the DNI 2013 report are important, many have a higher level of concern due to the lives at risk and the areas that can be affected by a terrorist attack.
Reference
Christopher, K. (2014). Port security management (2nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press
Clapper, J. (2013). Worldwide Threat Assessment of the US Intelligence Community. Statement for the record. Senate Committee on Armed Service.
Duane LeClair
1. Explain what is meant by the collaborations between port security and enforcement operations.
In order to have and maintain a secure port facility, the port facility security officer, and staff, must have a working relationship with state and local law enforcement departme.
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HM502Unit 5 DQTopic 1 Infrastructure ProtectionA detailed
In the United States, a number of law enforcement agencies, includin.docx
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Discussion topic 2Cyber AttacksDefine the term hacking.How migh.docx
Discussion topic 2:Cyber Attacks
Define the term hacking.
How might a computer hacker illegally gain access to a computer and manipulate data?
What are computer viruses and how do they enter computer systems? What kind of harm can they do to a company’s computer system?
Give an example of a computer virus.
.
Discussion topicFor this weeks discussion, review the normal prof.docx
Discussion topic
For this week's discussion, review the normal profiles for children ages 4 months to 2-years-old and post responses to the following:
Based upon the five assessment categories of motor, play, adaptive, social, and language, identify possible environmental hazards for children under the age of 2.
How might the environment negatively influence a toddler’s normal development?
How might complications with pregnancy affect a young infant?
.
Discussion-Based AssessmentOnce you have completed all of the le.docx
Discussion-Based Assessment
Once you have completed all of the lessons up to this point, complete your Discussion-Based Assessment.
Writing Prompt:
Choose one reading from the unit. From this reading, choose a quote that you feel is reflective of the unit theme of "achievements that have changed people's lives and the world around us."
Explain how the quote is significant to the theme, and how you can relate the message of the quote to yourself or to the world around you.
Requirements:
Three well written paragraphs that explain how your quote is representative of the unit theme.
One example that relates your quote to the other readings present in the unit.
One example that links your quote to “real life.”
Readings:
1.
Malawi Windmill Boy With Big Fans
," By Jude Sheerin, BBC
Self-taught William Kamkwamba has been feted by climate change campaigners like Al Gore and business leaders the world over.
His against-all-odds achievements are all the more remarkable considering he was forced to quit school aged 14 because his family could no longer afford the $80-a-year (£50) fees.
When he returned to his parents' small plot of farmland in the central Malawian village of Masitala, his future seemed limited.
But this was not another tale of African potential thwarted by poverty.
Defence Against Hunger
The teenager had a dream of bringing electricity and running water to his village.
And he was not prepared to wait for politicians or aid groups to do it for him. The need for action was even greater in 2002 following one of Malawi's worst droughts, which killed thousands of people and left his family on the brink of starvation.
Unable to attend school, he kept up his education by using a local library. Fascinated by science, his life changed one day when he picked up a tattered textbook and saw a picture of a windmill.
Mr Kamkwamba told the BBC News website: "I was very interested when I saw the windmill could make electricity and pump water.
"I thought: 'That could be a defence against hunger. Maybe I should build one for myself'. "
When not helping his family farm maize, he plugged away at his prototype, working by the light of a paraffin lamp in the evenings.
But his ingenious project met blank looks in his community of about 200 people.
"Many, including my mother, thought I was going crazy," he recalls. "They had never seen a windmill before. "
Shocks
Neighbours were further perplexed at the youngster spending so much time scouring rubbish tips.
"People thought I was smoking marijuana," he said. "So I told them I was only making something for juju [magic]. ' Then they said: 'Ah, I see. '"
Mr Kamkwamba, who is now 22 years old, knocked together a turbine from spare bicycle parts, a tractor fan blade and an old shock absorber, and fashioned blades from plastic pipes, flattened by being held over a fire.
"I got a few electric shocks climbing that [windmill]," says Mr Kamkwamba, ruefully recalling his months of painstaking work.
The finished.
Discussion Answer the following discussion questions with below.docx
Discussion:
Answer the following discussion questions with below attachements.
Compare the APHA, NASW and APA Codes of Ethics. How are they similar to each other? Do they conflict with each other and how? What have you learned from this lesson that you were not aware of before?
.
Discussion topic 1 Computer Crime Versus Computer FraudYour frien.docx
Discussion topic 1: Computer Crime Versus Computer Fraud
Your friend has just come on board at the public accounting firm where you work and needs some background in computer crime and computer fraud, as they did not get a course in this at their university. How would you explain this? You write an outline containing the following and then attempt to explain these items to her:
Define computer crime and computer fraud. In what ways are they different? Give an example of a computer crime and a computer fraud. Discuss the four ways in which computers are used in cybercrime. What are some of the skills needed to investigate cybercrime?
How have provisions of the Patriot Act made it easier to apprehend cybercriminals?
The internet has enabled concealment in many money laundering fraud schemes.
Define and explain the three stages of money laundering.
What are some of the methods money launderers use in cyberspace to conceal illegitimate transactions?
Explain how alternate forms of currency are used in internet transactions.
.
Discussion TopicExplain how you would integrate the current extern.docx
Discussion Topic
Explain how you would integrate the current external environment factors in the health industry. Translate your interpretation into a critical list of action items for a health organization. Develop this list for the organization in terms of a strategic plan, directional strategies, external and internal environment, organizational culture, and any other factors that you deem important for organizational positioning and survival.
.
DiscussionDiscussion topic #1 Popular culture (music, books, visu.docx
Discussion
Discussion topic #1: Popular culture (music, books, visual art, and clothing) during the 1960s has been labeled “psychedelic.” After engaging in your own independent research, explain which type of popular culture seemed to be the most influential in the psychedelic movement. For example, did psychedelic popular culture first originate with music, books, or the styles of clothing? Please justify your response. For each of the artists that you discuss, please post a URL that your classmates can link up to to take a look at their work.
.
Discussion topic Complex FraudsAuditors often fail to detect fina.docx
Discussion topic: Complex Frauds
Auditors often fail to detect financial fraud in companies they are auditing because the perpetrators have concealed the fraud well in a complex manner.
What are the components that make a fraud complex?
What role does collusion play in complex frauds?
Research the internet and find an example of a complex financial fraud and discuss the fraud act, how it was concealed, and what benefit was obtained by the perpetrator.
.
Discussion Topic The Importance of Strategic ControlsRetail com.docx
Discussion Topic: The Importance of Strategic Controls
Retail companies like Walmart are heavy users of strategic control systems. Think about how it utilizes RFID technology to track products from inventory to the market shelves. Discuss how Walmart relies upon strategic surveillance, special alert control, and implementation control. What improvements might you suggest to the company’s COO relative to strategic control and why?
200 words
.
Discussion Topic Porter’s Five Force AnalysisChoose an industry.docx
Discussion Topic: Porter’s Five Force Analysis
Choose an industry in which you would like to compete globally. Use the Five-Force method of analysis to explain why you find that industry attractive for business.
Please remember to use APA citation (text and list references) to further validate your initial responses.
200 words with reference
.
Discussion Topic 1 – Ethical CommunicationCommunication that is et.docx
Discussion Topic 1 – Ethical Communication
Communication that is ethical is true, and relevant information is always included, so that deception does not occur. Unethical communication distorts and manipulates the reader/listener.
Review and Write: Review the section in Chapter 1.4 of our textbook (Responsibilities as a Communicator) on ethical communication and give three examples of unethical communication. Describe two scenarios (real or made up) involving unethical, or potentially unethical communication. If you describe a real scenario be sure to change the company or the names. OR Write two substantial paragraphs on positive traits of an ethical communicator.
Discussion Topic 2 – Transitions in Writing
Review and Write:
The table below presents 14 types of transitions that can be used in writing, along with their definitions. One example is provided for each type of transition. Select 10 of the transitions and provide at least three to four examples of each type of transition.
Type
Definition
Examples
1. Internal Previews
An
internal preview
is a brief statement referring to a point you are going to make. It can forecast or foreshadow a main point in your document.
Example: Next we’ll examine . . .
2. Signposts
A
signpost
alerts the audience you are moving from one topic to the next. Sign posts or signal words draw attention to themselves and focus the audience’s attention.
Example: I would like to emphasize . . .
3. Internal Summaries
An
internal summary
briefly covers information or alludes to information introduced previously. It can remind an audience of a previous point and reinforce information covered in your document.
Example: To summarize . . .
4. Sequence
A
sequence transition
outlines a hierarchical order or series of steps in your document. It can illustrate order or steps in a logical process.
Example: Next . . .
5. Time
A
time transition
focuses on the chronological aspects of your order. Particularly useful in an article utilizing a story, this transition can illustrate for the audience progression of time.
Example: Presently . . .
6. Addition
An
addition or additive transition
contributes to a previous point. This transition can build on a previous point and extend the discussion.
Example: Furthermore . . .
7. Similarity
A
transition by similarity
draws a parallel between two ideas, concepts or examples. It can indicate a common area between points for the audience.
Example: In the same way . . .
8. Comparison
A
transition by comparison
draws a distinction between two ideas, concepts or examples. It can indicate a common or divergent area between points for the audience.
Example: In relation to . . .
9. Contrast
A
transition by contrast
draws a distinction of difference, opposition, or irregularity between two ideas, concepts or examples. This transition can indicate a key distinction between points for the audience.
Example: On the other hand . . .
10. Cause and Effect, Result
A .
Discussion Thread 2—Integration of TechnologyTechnology has chan.docx
Discussion Thread 2
—Integration of Technology
Technology has changed the way we conduct business on a daily basis. A number of organizations have opted for integrating systems and sharing information with their counterparts.
Then respond to the following:
As a manager, if you have to design an IT system for supply chain purposes using a cross-functional team, who would you include on your team and why?
Explain some of the trade-offs you would consider when designing/acquiring the system. Be specific and support your reasoning with examples.
What trade-offs are involved in (a) sharing information with other organizations in a supply chain and (b) the acquisition of information-processing technology?
Who needs to be involved in decisions as they pertain to technology acquisition for supply chain management?
Name three different ways that technology has improved the ability to manage supply chains.
Explain why integrated technology has improved the ability to manage supply chains.
.
Discussion Statistical Hypothesis Testing and ErrorProvide .docx
Discussion: Statistical Hypothesis Testing and Error
Provide an example of an experiment taken from asurvey of the literature related to your research manuscript and explain what constitutes Type I and Type II error in the example you choose. Indicate any implications for each type of error as they apply to your design. Provide at least one peer-reviewed source, other than the textbooks for this course, to support your position. Post your observation using APA format where applicable.
This is a graded discussion worth 100 points.
· Must demonstrate understanding of the task be able to address the requirement using creativity and application of research design knowledge.
· Must demonstrate understanding of how data are assessed and interpreted for an experimental research design.
· Particular competence in identifying threats to Type I and Type II errors must be provided.
This is part of my final paper…
E+W+S
Treason Act 1795
1795 CHAPTER 7 36 Geo 3
An Act for the Safety and Preservation of his Majesty’s Person and Government against treasonable and seditious Practices and Attempts.
[18th December 1795]
Preamble. Persons who shall compass, devise, &c. the death, restraint, &c. of his Majesty or his heirs, or to depose them, or to levy war to compel a change of measures, &c. to be deemed traitors.
We, your Majesty’s most dutiful and loyal subjects, the lords spiritual and temporal, and commons, of Great Britain, in this present Parliament assembled, duly considering the daring outrages offered to your Majesty’s most sacred person in your passage to and from your Parliament at the opening of this present session, and also the continued attempts of wicked and evil disposed persons to disturb the tranquility of this your Majesty’s kingdom, particularly by the multitude of seditious pamphlets and speeches daily printed, published and dispersed with unremitting industry and with a transcendent boldness, in contempt of your Majesty’s royal person and dignity, and tending to the overthrow of the laws, government and happy constitution of these realms, have judged that it is become necessary to provide a further remedy against all such treasonable and seditious practices and attempts: We therefore, calling to mind the good and wholesome provisions which have at different times been made by the wisdom of Parliament for the averting such dangers, and more especially for the security and preservation of the persons of the sovereigns of these realms, do most humbly beseech your Majesty that it may be enacted, and be it enacted by the King’s most excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the lords spiritual and temporal, and commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, that if any person or persons whatsoever . . . F1 shall, within the realm or without compass, imagine, invent, devise or intend death or destruction, or any bodily harm tending to death or destruction, maim or wounding, imprisonment.
Discussion Questions for Theories of Personality.Discussion 1 – Di.docx
Discussion Questions for Theories of Personality.
Discussion 1 – Differentiate between humanistic and existential – Discuss in 150 Words – with in text citations and references
Differentiate between the various humanistic and existential personality theories.
Discussion 2 – strengths and limitations – Discuss in 150 Words – with in text citations and references
Explain the strengths and limitations of humanistic and existential personality theories.
Discussion 3 – Analyze personality characteristics– Discuss in 150 Words – with in text citations and references
Analyze individual personality characteristics using humanistic and existential personality theories.
Discussion 4 – Interpersonal Relations – Discuss in 150 Words – with in text citations and references
Explain interpersonal relations using humanistic and existential personality theories.
Discussion 5 – Which do you prefer? – Discuss in 150 Words – with in text citations and references
Which do you prefer? Existentialism? or Humanistic Theory? Why?
Discussion 6 – explain interspersonal communication – Discuss in 150 Words – with in text citations and references
How would humanistic theories explain interpersonal communication versus existential theories?
.
Discussion Question w5 Short 150 wordsAcknowledging BiasIn a.docx
Discussion Question w5: Short/ 150 words
Acknowledging Bias
In any project, there is a possibility that bias will creep into either the research or the interpretation of data. How would you prevent this from happening, depending on the research method you are using? What are the possible roadblocks to recognizing and preventing bias?
.
Discussion Question Short 150 wordsFinding Terrorists within th.docx
Discussion Question: Short 150 words
Finding Terrorists within the Community
It is true that anyone could be a terrorist. Assume that you are policing in a densely populated, highly diversified community.
How would you go about enlisting a broad spectrum of the community in helping to identify possible terrorists and terrorist’s targets?
What would be some of the challenges of asking the different cultures to work together?
.
discussion questions 70 words min on the three question below no pla.docx
discussion questions 70 words min on the three question below no plagerism apa format
Classify the types of torts.
Assess the different types of and legal protections for intellectual prop
Analyze the legal issues of e-business to include intellectual property, privacy, ethics, and security.
.
Discussion Question 5ObjectiveCharacterize the Moon..docx
Discussion Question 5
Objective:
Characterize the Moon.
Discussion Question:
How do you think the Moon was formed?
You need to write a strong one paragraph or 2 answer, no works cited needed. Just describe in astronomy/sciene terms of how you think the moon was formed.
.
Discussion Question 1Engaging in a political process enabl.docx
Discussion Question 1
Engaging in a political process enables a nurse leader to influence others in order to achieve a set of professional goals. Conduct extensive research on the importance of political process in nursing, and answer the following questions:
•How can average nurses be involved in the political process?
•What do you do or should do in order to become more politically active?
Discussion Question 2
Effective leadership can help nurse leaders to bring about a desirable change within the system. Using the South University Online Library or the Internet, gain adequate insight into change theories and change management, and answer the following questions:
•What does it mean to be a change agent? Give two examples of when you were a change agent or witnessed another nurse as a change agent.
•What happened and how did the change occur?
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Discussion Question Civil Versus Criminal CourtsDiscuss the diffe.docx
Discussion Question: Civil Versus Criminal Courts
Discuss the differences between civil and criminal courts. Is the line between these two courts absolutely definitive? If not, what types of cases might "blur the line" between both courts? Can you briefly describe a real world example where a case was tried in both courts?
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Reply to post 1 & 2 with 150 words eachPost 1Of the six
- 1. Reply to post 1 & 2 with 150 words each Post 1 Of the six strategic challenges our country faces, the threat of Transnational Criminal Organizations (TCOs) is at the forefront of one of the greatest challenges we face as a nation. TCOs facilitate the illegal production and trafficking of narcotics, human trafficking and the sex trade. Mexican TCOs remain the single greatest drug threat to the United States; with no other criminal organizations postured to challenge them. Their sophisticated infrastructure allows them to have all but total control over the illegal trafficking of narcotics from farming, processing, producing and exporting (dea.gov, 2017, p.iv). The second and third order effects of the drug trade have a direct impact our nation’s critical infrastructure and come from the TCOs themselves who have, in the last decade, resorted to extremely brutal violence, trafficking in persons, extortion, kidnapping, oil theft, and utilizing profits from illegal activities to finance corruption (DHS.gov, 2014, p.26). At this point in our nation’s history, we are seeing the consequences of the drug epidemic not being adequately addressed. The 2017 National Drug Threat Assessment (NDTA) has a trove of data reinforcing the notion that the U.S. is losing the war on drugs. Law enforcement agencies across the U.S. have seen an increase in incidents of violent crime, drug availability and overdoses. Illicit narcotics such as cocaine, methamphetamine and most recently, controlled prescription drugs are surging in large portions of the country as thier availability has increased (dea.gov, 2017, p.145). The data supports the idea that this risk is not being adequately
- 2. addressed. Rather, the U.S. has transitioned from a mission of stopping narcotics trafficking to one of mitigating trafficking and the effects of narcotics on the population. The U.S. has placed greater emphasis on rehabilitation and treatment programs to be at the forefront of the domestic and international effort to disrupt the impact of illicit drug abuse and distribution. Strategy has been developed outlining specific measures to reduce illicit drug use to include: early intervention, breaking cycles of crime, incarceration, and drug abuse, disrupting domestic drug trafficking and production and strengthening international partnerships (Obamawhitehouse.gov, 2018, p.1). Additionally, the United States has made funds available to the international community towards drug treatment and recovery to improve health and welfare of individuals but also curb the demand for narcotics. Post 2 The specific challenge I reviewed for this week are the growing cyber threats as it relates to the US and critical infrastructure. Cyber threats or cyber warfare is a variety of techniques and activities using information systems as a weapon to gain an advantage by an adversary or opposing force (Chapple, 2015). Cyber Warfare has quickly become the forefront of threats facing the DoD, critical infrastructure, private sector, and overall national security. Based off the Director of National Intelligence strategy on cyber warfare, cyberattacks and cyberespionage are the two specific activities which cyber warfare either participates in or counters based off the mission and/or requirements. Not only can cyber warfare shape and prepare the battlefield for commanders, it can shape the overall US strategy at both the defense and national-level. This translates specifically to homeland security priorities regarding critical infrastructure as the communications and information technology sectors manage most aspects of cyber threats to US critical infrastructure.
- 3. Critical infrastructure remains a high priority for our adversaries to target from all aspects but specifically via cyber methods. High-level critical infrastructure targets in the US include power grids or financial targets as a steadfast priority and target for bad cyber actors (Ranger, 2018). The transportation sector being targeted for a cyber-attack would cause a chain reaction that impacts the majority of critical infrastructure and day-to-day activity in the US. Furthermore, cyber-attacks occur on a daily basis targeting the DoD via attempts to penetrate our government networks and illicitly obtain sensitive and controlled information. These attacks can be conducted via denial-of-service attacks, phishing attacks, eavesdropping, SQL injection, viruses, ransomware and a variety of other methods (Melnick, 2018). Future cyber warfare includes cyber being used to target advanced communication technology and equipment, encrypted communication, and additional technology that enables specific technologies and advances (Kim, et al, 2019). With this type of technology impacting the strategic through tactical levels, it is only a matter of time before the same applications are implemented to target critical infrastructure in the US. Unfortunately, I feel there has been minor progress made against cyber threats targeting critical infrastructure and other areas within the US. This is primarily due to the adversary having more resources to dedicate against cyber activity along with the bureaucratic US legal process preventing certain cyber warfare to be conducted in a timely manner. Overall, the US government is leaning in the right direction to prevent and protect against the future of cyber threats facing the homeland. Thank you for the time and have a good week.