PROTECTING THE NATION’S CYBER SYSTEMS 9
WHAT ARE THE METHODS THAT CAN BE EMPLOYED TO REDUCE THE THREAT TO THE NATION’S CYBER SYSTEMS
A Master Thesis
Submitted to the Faculty
Of
American Public University
By
Daniella Rowell
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the degree
Of
Master of Arts
February 2016
American Public University
Charles Town, WV
Introduction and purpose statement
Technology is an intrinsic tool of change in the world today. It has had a very huge impact on how things are done given that it seeks to enhance life in way or another. A new global threat known as cybercrime was introduced in the wake of technological advancements. Cybercrime is basically defined as any unlawful act whereby the perpetrator uses a computer or network in its perpetration or the computer or network is a target. The 21st Century has seen immense changes in how criminals are committing crime as they rely more on computers than ever (Brenner, 2010). Whereas some commit cyber-crimes due to the thrill involved, others are motivated by economic goals such as deriving profits. Consequently, cybercrime is a core issue that needs to be tackled as it has a wide array of motivations, targets and it commission is ever changing.
Comment by Chris: No comma between the author and year in Turabian formatting. The comma goes between the year and page number. Comment by Chris: Is this your purpose statement? You need to clearly state your purpose statement.
“The purpose of this thesis is to…….”
This study seeks to address underlying issues within our society that in one way or another contributes to cyber-crime. These factors range from government policies, societal and personal factors such as a jealous spouse hacking his or her partners account, ideological motivated cybercrime and structural cause whereby more information is stored online hence increase cyber criminals reward. The U.S government for examples lacks an official definition of cybercrime. As a result, this term is used interchangeably to refer to other internet and/or technology related malicious acts. Federal law enforcement agencies on the other hand give cybercrime a legal definition based on their jurisdiction and crimes they are charged with investigating (Kirwan, 2013). Furthermore, there is no national strategy solely focused on fighting cybercrime. Instead, it’s integrated in strategies aimed at fighting other crimes such as Transnational Organized crime among others. Consequently, there is need to communicate a vivid definition of cybercrime to persons vested with authority of carrying out prevention strategies. Cyber criminals form networks which increases difficulty of elimination.
Cyber criminals have made a lot of effort in trying to increase the profitability of their activities. Both small and large businesses are at risk of being victims of cybercrime. One estimate has placed cybercrime as a very costly affair for victims in a research done in twenty four countr.
WHAT ARE THE METHODS THAT CAN BE EMPLOYED TO REDUCE THE TH.docxphilipnelson29183
WHAT ARE THE METHODS THAT CAN BE EMPLOYED TO REDUCE THE THREAT TO THE NATION’S CYBER SYSTEMS
A Master Thesis
Submitted to the Faculty
of
American Public University
By
Daniella Rowell
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the degree
of
Master of Arts
March 2016
American Public University
Charles Town, WV
A dynamic cyber terrorism framework. International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security by Ahmad, R. & Yuns, Z., 2012 advance an upsurge of cybercrime over the past few years. This increase is related to the dynamism shown by the integration of cybercrime in the execution of conventional crimes. This literature resource is important to this research as it explores a rather sensitive sector within the borders of the United States which is national security. The United States has many enemies most notably terrorists who target systems of the country’s defense systems. An analysis of this literature breaks down the attacks already conducted against the defense infrastructure as well as highlighting vulnerabilities existing within the sector. As a matter of fact, double standards of some security personnel raise an unprecedented risk since terrorist end up gaining inside knowledge on how to attack systems. Many at times cyber terrorism is neglected when expounding on the scope of cybercrime as more conventional cyber-attacks such as fraud, cyber defamation amongst other get a fair share of attention. A shift from the more obvious forms is evident in this literature as cyber terrorism is not a new form of attack in the context of the United States. As it's rightly opened in this literature, the start of the next world war could be a blackout but not a bang as many people expect. A single code could be enough to put everything in our country to stand still ranging from trains, airport operations, and power plants amongst others. Consequently, this research shall explore the perceived complacency within the defense department so as to make recommendations on how to prevent such attacks. In addition, the defense may have to ensure that its personnel’s loyalty is to the United States and its people alone and that no form ill-intended collaborations shall be made to expose the system’s vulnerabilities to an enemy. Moreover, the public is charged with responsibilities of understanding cyber terrorism to enable them to raise alarm whenever queer activities in the neighborhood are detected.
This literature resource is relevant to the research paper as it creates a general picture of what cybercrime is. Brenner, W. 2010 literature Cybercrime defines literature in its very nature. It occurs in two basic ways which either happen independently or simultaneously. On one hand, computers can be used in the perpetration of cyber-attacks but could be targeted on the other hand. This model carries a lot of weight in understanding how the legal definition of cybercrime is arrived at. Some individuals are ignorant of activities they perform.
CYBER-SECURITY TACTICS IN MITIGATING CYBERCRIMES: A REVIEW AND PROPOSALijcisjournal
This article underscores the urgent need for a global response to cyber threats, discusses the risks
associated with increasing reliance on technology, and sets the stage for a review focused on understanding and mitigating cybercrimes. In summary, the passage discusses the internet's impact on
national development and the growing problem of cybercrime. It calls for a deeper understanding of the
characteristics and motivations of cybercriminals and highlights several questions that need to be
addressed to effectively combat cybercrime and its detrimental effects on society. The classification of cybercrime is summarized into five categories: Cybercrimes against Persons (including cyber
pornography, cyber stalking, financial cybercrimes, phishing, and vishing), Cybercrimes against Property(involving intellectual property violations, data theft, and "Man in the Middle" attacks), Cybercrimes against Government, Denial of Service (DOS) Attacks, and Other Cybercrimes (comprising data diddling,salami attacks, email bombing, email spoofing, logic bombs, internet time theft, and mobile and wireless technology-related cybercrimes).
Running headEMERGING THREATS AND COUNTERMEASURES .docxrtodd599
Running head: EMERGING THREATS AND COUNTERMEASURES 1
LITERATURE REVIEW
Emerging threats and countermeasures in the U.S. critical infrastructure
Table of content
Background information 3
Research questions 3
Methodological approach 3
Data analysis and findings 3
Challenges in confronting threats 6
Conclusion and discussion 8
References…………………………………………………………………………………………9
Background information
In recent times, the province of security architecture has profoundly transposed by the escalation of threats targeting critical national infrastructure. The rise in such threats is directly related to the rapid integration of the infrastructures with emergent information technologies (IT). That said, it is easy to conclude that the destructive threats to the infrastructures are from cybercrime. Cybercrime manifests in several dimensions from worms, viruses to malware. It would be easy if such threats confronted quickly. However, the state of affairs is that it is not an easy endeavor at all, and hence protecting national infrastructure is even more challenging than it has ever been.Research questions
This essay answers the questions of the literature related to the emergent threats in the protection of critical national infrastructure. More also, it answers the question of the challenges involved in securing the infrastructures.Methodological approach
The study of data collection is conducted using a qualitative approach. Qualitative research is the scientific study of observations that seeks to describe, explore, explain, and diagnose phenomena by gathering non-numerical data.Data analysis and findings
It has not been easy protecting national infrastructure in the last two decades thanks to an increase in cybercrime. Public information systems are lucrative targets for hackers and other ill-motivated criminals. The state affairs have led to a conclusion that in a time in the current generation, the world is increasingly veering toward cyber warfare. The cost of cybersecurity threats is estimated to be over billions of dollars and still learning. Even with new measures, it appears the rate at which cybercriminals are expanding their technological dominion in the deep web is exceedingly strange.
Cybersecurity attacks take different dimensions. Perhaps one of the most devastating has been related to user inefficiency when handling systems. Most cybercriminal activities have shown an impeccable ability to surpass both the human and system shields that protect systems. In the dawn of the early 2000s, for example, the world was in a panic following an attack unleashed by two Philippine students. The attack, known as love bug exposed the value system behind the human-based security system. It is one of the weakness and which is solely flexible to easy manipulation. Following the love bug attack, the national intelligence system had to be switched off for several hours. The cutting-edge world has seen a multiplication in th.
Running Head THE CHANGING NATURE OF CYBER CRIME 1 .docxjeanettehully
Running Head: THE CHANGING NATURE OF CYBER CRIME
1
THE CHANGING NATURE OF CYBER CRIME 2
The Changing Nature of Cyber Crime
Marquita Watkins
MBA5005 | Law & Ethics for Managers
South University - Online
July 31, 2019
Introduction
The human life has transformed gradually for quite a long time, this includes the manner job is done, the way people interact among other aspects of the human life. At the center of this transformation and the changes in human life is the technology which has developed and encouraged development in other sectors of human life. Despite technology being so useful and being the driving factors of so many changes that take place in the human life, it has come with so many challenges and the main one which has become the subject of this topic is cyber-crime. Cyber-crime can be defined as the illegal or criminal activities that are normally carried out by the use of computers and the internet at large which may include hacking, piracy, fraud, identity theft among many others. This topic has been selected due to the ongoing debates on cyber-crime, how it keeps on evolving and the general implication it has on individuals and business organizations (Agustina, 2015).
The history of cybercrime goes back to the 1970s where it began simply as hacking and have grown to be a serious threat considering the complexity in the form it is taking in the modern times. The issue has proved to be threatening and the serious part is the fact that it is not getting any better, it keeps on worsening day by day and in the modern world it is one of the main issues organizations and individuals got to deal with. There have been several cases that deal with cyber-crimes in the recent times by various legal institutions. The transformation and the fact that cyber-crime is taking a different angle which has also motivated the changes in some laws that regulated the crime level in the society. There are several cases that have been handled that relate to cyber-crime. The changing nature and the increasing number of cases in the modern cyber-crime is the one reason why this topic was actually selected.
Literature Review
Cyber-crime has attracted a lot of discussions in various platform both business as well as the legal dimension of this practice. This has motivated many scholars to come up with research studies hence the many literatures on this particular topic. There are so many studies on the subject and it seems majority have come up with a common result of study outcome. Going by the recommendations of many scholars it is quite clear that cyber-crime keeps on changing from time to time. One of the findings that these literatures have revealed is that the level of cyber-crime seems to hike with the development in technology. As technology changes and gets more advanced, the state of cyber-crime also changes.
More developed countries ...
WHAT ARE THE METHODS THAT CAN BE EMPLOYED TO REDUCE THE TH.docxphilipnelson29183
WHAT ARE THE METHODS THAT CAN BE EMPLOYED TO REDUCE THE THREAT TO THE NATION’S CYBER SYSTEMS
A Master Thesis
Submitted to the Faculty
of
American Public University
By
Daniella Rowell
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the degree
of
Master of Arts
March 2016
American Public University
Charles Town, WV
A dynamic cyber terrorism framework. International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security by Ahmad, R. & Yuns, Z., 2012 advance an upsurge of cybercrime over the past few years. This increase is related to the dynamism shown by the integration of cybercrime in the execution of conventional crimes. This literature resource is important to this research as it explores a rather sensitive sector within the borders of the United States which is national security. The United States has many enemies most notably terrorists who target systems of the country’s defense systems. An analysis of this literature breaks down the attacks already conducted against the defense infrastructure as well as highlighting vulnerabilities existing within the sector. As a matter of fact, double standards of some security personnel raise an unprecedented risk since terrorist end up gaining inside knowledge on how to attack systems. Many at times cyber terrorism is neglected when expounding on the scope of cybercrime as more conventional cyber-attacks such as fraud, cyber defamation amongst other get a fair share of attention. A shift from the more obvious forms is evident in this literature as cyber terrorism is not a new form of attack in the context of the United States. As it's rightly opened in this literature, the start of the next world war could be a blackout but not a bang as many people expect. A single code could be enough to put everything in our country to stand still ranging from trains, airport operations, and power plants amongst others. Consequently, this research shall explore the perceived complacency within the defense department so as to make recommendations on how to prevent such attacks. In addition, the defense may have to ensure that its personnel’s loyalty is to the United States and its people alone and that no form ill-intended collaborations shall be made to expose the system’s vulnerabilities to an enemy. Moreover, the public is charged with responsibilities of understanding cyber terrorism to enable them to raise alarm whenever queer activities in the neighborhood are detected.
This literature resource is relevant to the research paper as it creates a general picture of what cybercrime is. Brenner, W. 2010 literature Cybercrime defines literature in its very nature. It occurs in two basic ways which either happen independently or simultaneously. On one hand, computers can be used in the perpetration of cyber-attacks but could be targeted on the other hand. This model carries a lot of weight in understanding how the legal definition of cybercrime is arrived at. Some individuals are ignorant of activities they perform.
CYBER-SECURITY TACTICS IN MITIGATING CYBERCRIMES: A REVIEW AND PROPOSALijcisjournal
This article underscores the urgent need for a global response to cyber threats, discusses the risks
associated with increasing reliance on technology, and sets the stage for a review focused on understanding and mitigating cybercrimes. In summary, the passage discusses the internet's impact on
national development and the growing problem of cybercrime. It calls for a deeper understanding of the
characteristics and motivations of cybercriminals and highlights several questions that need to be
addressed to effectively combat cybercrime and its detrimental effects on society. The classification of cybercrime is summarized into five categories: Cybercrimes against Persons (including cyber
pornography, cyber stalking, financial cybercrimes, phishing, and vishing), Cybercrimes against Property(involving intellectual property violations, data theft, and "Man in the Middle" attacks), Cybercrimes against Government, Denial of Service (DOS) Attacks, and Other Cybercrimes (comprising data diddling,salami attacks, email bombing, email spoofing, logic bombs, internet time theft, and mobile and wireless technology-related cybercrimes).
Running headEMERGING THREATS AND COUNTERMEASURES .docxrtodd599
Running head: EMERGING THREATS AND COUNTERMEASURES 1
LITERATURE REVIEW
Emerging threats and countermeasures in the U.S. critical infrastructure
Table of content
Background information 3
Research questions 3
Methodological approach 3
Data analysis and findings 3
Challenges in confronting threats 6
Conclusion and discussion 8
References…………………………………………………………………………………………9
Background information
In recent times, the province of security architecture has profoundly transposed by the escalation of threats targeting critical national infrastructure. The rise in such threats is directly related to the rapid integration of the infrastructures with emergent information technologies (IT). That said, it is easy to conclude that the destructive threats to the infrastructures are from cybercrime. Cybercrime manifests in several dimensions from worms, viruses to malware. It would be easy if such threats confronted quickly. However, the state of affairs is that it is not an easy endeavor at all, and hence protecting national infrastructure is even more challenging than it has ever been.Research questions
This essay answers the questions of the literature related to the emergent threats in the protection of critical national infrastructure. More also, it answers the question of the challenges involved in securing the infrastructures.Methodological approach
The study of data collection is conducted using a qualitative approach. Qualitative research is the scientific study of observations that seeks to describe, explore, explain, and diagnose phenomena by gathering non-numerical data.Data analysis and findings
It has not been easy protecting national infrastructure in the last two decades thanks to an increase in cybercrime. Public information systems are lucrative targets for hackers and other ill-motivated criminals. The state affairs have led to a conclusion that in a time in the current generation, the world is increasingly veering toward cyber warfare. The cost of cybersecurity threats is estimated to be over billions of dollars and still learning. Even with new measures, it appears the rate at which cybercriminals are expanding their technological dominion in the deep web is exceedingly strange.
Cybersecurity attacks take different dimensions. Perhaps one of the most devastating has been related to user inefficiency when handling systems. Most cybercriminal activities have shown an impeccable ability to surpass both the human and system shields that protect systems. In the dawn of the early 2000s, for example, the world was in a panic following an attack unleashed by two Philippine students. The attack, known as love bug exposed the value system behind the human-based security system. It is one of the weakness and which is solely flexible to easy manipulation. Following the love bug attack, the national intelligence system had to be switched off for several hours. The cutting-edge world has seen a multiplication in th.
Running Head THE CHANGING NATURE OF CYBER CRIME 1 .docxjeanettehully
Running Head: THE CHANGING NATURE OF CYBER CRIME
1
THE CHANGING NATURE OF CYBER CRIME 2
The Changing Nature of Cyber Crime
Marquita Watkins
MBA5005 | Law & Ethics for Managers
South University - Online
July 31, 2019
Introduction
The human life has transformed gradually for quite a long time, this includes the manner job is done, the way people interact among other aspects of the human life. At the center of this transformation and the changes in human life is the technology which has developed and encouraged development in other sectors of human life. Despite technology being so useful and being the driving factors of so many changes that take place in the human life, it has come with so many challenges and the main one which has become the subject of this topic is cyber-crime. Cyber-crime can be defined as the illegal or criminal activities that are normally carried out by the use of computers and the internet at large which may include hacking, piracy, fraud, identity theft among many others. This topic has been selected due to the ongoing debates on cyber-crime, how it keeps on evolving and the general implication it has on individuals and business organizations (Agustina, 2015).
The history of cybercrime goes back to the 1970s where it began simply as hacking and have grown to be a serious threat considering the complexity in the form it is taking in the modern times. The issue has proved to be threatening and the serious part is the fact that it is not getting any better, it keeps on worsening day by day and in the modern world it is one of the main issues organizations and individuals got to deal with. There have been several cases that deal with cyber-crimes in the recent times by various legal institutions. The transformation and the fact that cyber-crime is taking a different angle which has also motivated the changes in some laws that regulated the crime level in the society. There are several cases that have been handled that relate to cyber-crime. The changing nature and the increasing number of cases in the modern cyber-crime is the one reason why this topic was actually selected.
Literature Review
Cyber-crime has attracted a lot of discussions in various platform both business as well as the legal dimension of this practice. This has motivated many scholars to come up with research studies hence the many literatures on this particular topic. There are so many studies on the subject and it seems majority have come up with a common result of study outcome. Going by the recommendations of many scholars it is quite clear that cyber-crime keeps on changing from time to time. One of the findings that these literatures have revealed is that the level of cyber-crime seems to hike with the development in technology. As technology changes and gets more advanced, the state of cyber-crime also changes.
More developed countries ...
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Globalization has made the use of computer to grow drastically over the years. More people from different parts of the world are coming closer to one another through computers. The World Wide Web has enabled this phenomenon to be possible, but also, it has led to the emergence of cyber crimes. Although law enforcement agencies have come up with security policies, the number of crimes related to computer theft and hacking is still alarming
Internet and computers have changed working, communication, meeting and business requirements and conditions all over globe. Due to this high profile technology, everyone can share any activity that was unexpected and unimaginable few decades back. It was the imagination of people that they will live their lives in this manner and do their business quickly and imagination and dream has come true with the introduction of internet only. Modern society is now associated with internet and related technologies, over a quarter of the world's population is wired into the net and this number is growing every day
How Safe is Governmental Infrastructure: A Cyber Extortion and Increasing Ransomware Attacks Perspective (pp. 79-82)
Sulaiman Al Amro, Computer Science Department, Computer College, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia.
Vol. 18 No. 6 JUNE 2020 International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security
https://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/vol-18-no-6-jun-2020
The facilities of computer technology have not come out without drawbacks. Though it makes the life so speedy and fast, but hurled under the eclipse of threat from the deadliest type of criminality termed as Cybercrime without computers, entire businesses and government operations would almost cease to function. This proliferation of cheap, powerful, user friendly computers has enabled more and more people to use them and, more importantly, rely on them as part of their normal way of life. As businesses, government agencies, and individuals continue to rely on them more and more, so do the criminals Restriction of cybercrimes is dependent on proper analysis of their behavior and understanding of their impacts over various levels of society. Therefore, in the current manuscript a systematic understanding of cybercrimes and their impacts over various areas like Soci eco political, consumer trust, teenager etc. With the future trends of cybercrimes are explained. Dr. Renu | Pawan ""Impact of Cyber Crime: Issues and Challenges"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23456.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/23456/impact-of-cyber-crime-issues-and-challenges/dr-renu
You have collected the following documents (unstructured) and pl.docxbriancrawford30935
You have collected the following documents (unstructured) and plan to apply an index technique to convert them into an inverted index.
Doc 1?Information retrieval is the activity of obtaining information resources relevant to an information need from a collection of information resources. Searches can be based on full-text or other content-based indexing.
Doc 2?Information retrieval is finding material of an unstructured nature that satisfies an information need from within large collections.
Doc 3?Information systems is the study of complementary networks of hardware and software that people and organizations use to collect, filter, process, create, and distribute data.
In the process of creating the inverted index, please complete the following steps:
Remove all stop words and punctuation, and then apply Porter’s stemming algorithm to the documents. Thelist of stop words for this task is provided as follows:
Is, The, Of, To, An, A, From, Can, Be, On, Or, That, Within, And, Use
Create a merged inverted list including the within-document frequencies for each term.
Use the index created in part (b) to create a dictionary and the related posting file.
You may like to test the inverted index by using the following keywords:information, system, index
.
You have been working as a technology associate the information .docxbriancrawford30935
You have been working as a technology associate the information systems department at Corporation Techs for a while now. You have discovered so far that all of Corporation Techs’ computer systems share the same Class C public IP address range, including workstations along with servers providing authentication, e-mail, and both secure and public Web sites.
Your next task in this project is to construct a basic network design. An important requirement for the network design is to reduce the number of public addresses needed as the subnet lease results in very high ISP costs.
Tasks
Construct a basic network design, separating private and public services within the Corporation Techs’ network. To do so, you must:
Access the PCAP files using NetWitness Investigator, and browse the Nmap scan (XML format), topology fisheye chart (PDF format), and Nessus report (HTML format).
Identify vulnerabilities and clear-text information transfer.
Conduct research and determine the best network design to ensure security of internal access while retaining public Web site availability.
Identify any opportunities for reduced ISP costs through port redirection or address translation.
Design a network configuration, identifying network gateways, port or address redirection systems, and the location of hosts within private and protected network segments.
Create a professional report detailing the information above as supportive documentation for the network security plan.
Create a report that includes a basic network diagram and research results.
.
You have chosen to join WHO. They are particularly interested in.docxbriancrawford30935
You have chosen to join WHO. They are particularly interested in your microbiology skills since there have been many outbreaks of disease around the world. Now that you have reviewed your microbiology, you have been notified that you will be sent to one of two areas, West Africa, or the Middle East. In preparation, the Peace Corp would like you to choose one of these areas and complete a plan to deal with outbreaks or potential outbreaks in the area.
Choose an outbreak from those below to investigate.
Ebola or Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)
Locate resources that will provide information about the infection, causing microbe, mode of infection, mode of spread, group or groups specifically susceptible, where outbreak occurred and when, clinical evaluation and diagnosis, infection control.
Find first person reports such as interviews or personal reports or journals on the outbreak. If you need help work with the librarian.
Design and submit an outline of the information you have uncovered. You will use this information to complete the project.
The outline should contain information and cited resources for:
Name of the disease chosen
Causing microbe
Mode of infection
Mode of spread
Group or groups specifically susceptible
Where outbreak occurred and when
Clinical evaluation and diagnosis
Infection control.
.
You have been tasked to present at a town hall meeting in your local.docxbriancrawford30935
You have been tasked to present at a town hall meeting in your local town or city to present the details about a new local policy that is being proposed. The presentation will need to define the problem, proposed solutions, risks, challenges, and funding opportunities/challenges. Topics may include local government changes to communities (for example, transportation, commercial enterprise effects on nearby townships, affordable housing construction, environmental effects of new/old business operations, addressing homelessness support, and others).
Using the
Policy Identification and Analysis Assignment Template [PPTX],
develop an 8–10 slide presentation in which you:
Analyze and define the problem to include possible political conflicts.
Identify risks and challenges.
Identify and construct policy alternatives and solutions.
Identify stakeholders and key roles.
Identify funding opportunities, challenges, and budget cost factors, to include saving measures.
Select supportive and evaluative criteria.
Identify incentives, subsidies, and potential benefits.
Draw conclusions in a thorough summary, including lessons learned.
Use the Internet or Strayer databases at the
Strayer Library
to locate at least three quality resources in this assignment.
Note
: Wikipedia and similar websites do not qualify as quality resources.
Use the
Policy Identification and Analysis Assignment Template [PPTX]
.
.
You have been tasked as the health care administrator of a major hos.docxbriancrawford30935
You have been tasked as the health care administrator of a major hospital to create a financial plan for your organization. What would you include in your financial plan? Compare an operating budget versus a capital budget? Include examples of each budget in a hypothetical department or unit of a hospital. Cite and reference your resources.
.
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Globalization has made the use of computer to grow drastically over the years. More people from different parts of the world are coming closer to one another through computers. The World Wide Web has enabled this phenomenon to be possible, but also, it has led to the emergence of cyber crimes. Although law enforcement agencies have come up with security policies, the number of crimes related to computer theft and hacking is still alarming
Internet and computers have changed working, communication, meeting and business requirements and conditions all over globe. Due to this high profile technology, everyone can share any activity that was unexpected and unimaginable few decades back. It was the imagination of people that they will live their lives in this manner and do their business quickly and imagination and dream has come true with the introduction of internet only. Modern society is now associated with internet and related technologies, over a quarter of the world's population is wired into the net and this number is growing every day
How Safe is Governmental Infrastructure: A Cyber Extortion and Increasing Ransomware Attacks Perspective (pp. 79-82)
Sulaiman Al Amro, Computer Science Department, Computer College, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia.
Vol. 18 No. 6 JUNE 2020 International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security
https://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/vol-18-no-6-jun-2020
The facilities of computer technology have not come out without drawbacks. Though it makes the life so speedy and fast, but hurled under the eclipse of threat from the deadliest type of criminality termed as Cybercrime without computers, entire businesses and government operations would almost cease to function. This proliferation of cheap, powerful, user friendly computers has enabled more and more people to use them and, more importantly, rely on them as part of their normal way of life. As businesses, government agencies, and individuals continue to rely on them more and more, so do the criminals Restriction of cybercrimes is dependent on proper analysis of their behavior and understanding of their impacts over various levels of society. Therefore, in the current manuscript a systematic understanding of cybercrimes and their impacts over various areas like Soci eco political, consumer trust, teenager etc. With the future trends of cybercrimes are explained. Dr. Renu | Pawan ""Impact of Cyber Crime: Issues and Challenges"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23456.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/23456/impact-of-cyber-crime-issues-and-challenges/dr-renu
You have collected the following documents (unstructured) and pl.docxbriancrawford30935
You have collected the following documents (unstructured) and plan to apply an index technique to convert them into an inverted index.
Doc 1?Information retrieval is the activity of obtaining information resources relevant to an information need from a collection of information resources. Searches can be based on full-text or other content-based indexing.
Doc 2?Information retrieval is finding material of an unstructured nature that satisfies an information need from within large collections.
Doc 3?Information systems is the study of complementary networks of hardware and software that people and organizations use to collect, filter, process, create, and distribute data.
In the process of creating the inverted index, please complete the following steps:
Remove all stop words and punctuation, and then apply Porter’s stemming algorithm to the documents. Thelist of stop words for this task is provided as follows:
Is, The, Of, To, An, A, From, Can, Be, On, Or, That, Within, And, Use
Create a merged inverted list including the within-document frequencies for each term.
Use the index created in part (b) to create a dictionary and the related posting file.
You may like to test the inverted index by using the following keywords:information, system, index
.
You have been working as a technology associate the information .docxbriancrawford30935
You have been working as a technology associate the information systems department at Corporation Techs for a while now. You have discovered so far that all of Corporation Techs’ computer systems share the same Class C public IP address range, including workstations along with servers providing authentication, e-mail, and both secure and public Web sites.
Your next task in this project is to construct a basic network design. An important requirement for the network design is to reduce the number of public addresses needed as the subnet lease results in very high ISP costs.
Tasks
Construct a basic network design, separating private and public services within the Corporation Techs’ network. To do so, you must:
Access the PCAP files using NetWitness Investigator, and browse the Nmap scan (XML format), topology fisheye chart (PDF format), and Nessus report (HTML format).
Identify vulnerabilities and clear-text information transfer.
Conduct research and determine the best network design to ensure security of internal access while retaining public Web site availability.
Identify any opportunities for reduced ISP costs through port redirection or address translation.
Design a network configuration, identifying network gateways, port or address redirection systems, and the location of hosts within private and protected network segments.
Create a professional report detailing the information above as supportive documentation for the network security plan.
Create a report that includes a basic network diagram and research results.
.
You have chosen to join WHO. They are particularly interested in.docxbriancrawford30935
You have chosen to join WHO. They are particularly interested in your microbiology skills since there have been many outbreaks of disease around the world. Now that you have reviewed your microbiology, you have been notified that you will be sent to one of two areas, West Africa, or the Middle East. In preparation, the Peace Corp would like you to choose one of these areas and complete a plan to deal with outbreaks or potential outbreaks in the area.
Choose an outbreak from those below to investigate.
Ebola or Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)
Locate resources that will provide information about the infection, causing microbe, mode of infection, mode of spread, group or groups specifically susceptible, where outbreak occurred and when, clinical evaluation and diagnosis, infection control.
Find first person reports such as interviews or personal reports or journals on the outbreak. If you need help work with the librarian.
Design and submit an outline of the information you have uncovered. You will use this information to complete the project.
The outline should contain information and cited resources for:
Name of the disease chosen
Causing microbe
Mode of infection
Mode of spread
Group or groups specifically susceptible
Where outbreak occurred and when
Clinical evaluation and diagnosis
Infection control.
.
You have been tasked to present at a town hall meeting in your local.docxbriancrawford30935
You have been tasked to present at a town hall meeting in your local town or city to present the details about a new local policy that is being proposed. The presentation will need to define the problem, proposed solutions, risks, challenges, and funding opportunities/challenges. Topics may include local government changes to communities (for example, transportation, commercial enterprise effects on nearby townships, affordable housing construction, environmental effects of new/old business operations, addressing homelessness support, and others).
Using the
Policy Identification and Analysis Assignment Template [PPTX],
develop an 8–10 slide presentation in which you:
Analyze and define the problem to include possible political conflicts.
Identify risks and challenges.
Identify and construct policy alternatives and solutions.
Identify stakeholders and key roles.
Identify funding opportunities, challenges, and budget cost factors, to include saving measures.
Select supportive and evaluative criteria.
Identify incentives, subsidies, and potential benefits.
Draw conclusions in a thorough summary, including lessons learned.
Use the Internet or Strayer databases at the
Strayer Library
to locate at least three quality resources in this assignment.
Note
: Wikipedia and similar websites do not qualify as quality resources.
Use the
Policy Identification and Analysis Assignment Template [PPTX]
.
.
You have been tasked as the health care administrator of a major hos.docxbriancrawford30935
You have been tasked as the health care administrator of a major hospital to create a financial plan for your organization. What would you include in your financial plan? Compare an operating budget versus a capital budget? Include examples of each budget in a hypothetical department or unit of a hospital. Cite and reference your resources.
.
You have been tasked to devise a program to address the needs of.docxbriancrawford30935
You have been tasked to devise a program to address the needs of crime victims. To better understand what type of program to devise, you need to review some crime data. The crime data will help you to identify the various types of crimes being committed and how the various types of crime victims are impacted by their offenders. Select a source that compiles crime data. Describe why you selected that particular source and what type of data that source contains. Secondly, describe the basic goals of your proposed program and what types of services the program would provide to crime victims based on the various types of crimes. For example, what would be a program goal for a rape victim, and what type of program(s) or service(s) would be devised to address the victim’s needs (this could include gender, age, and group counseling sessions).
Assignment Guidelines
Select a source that compiles crime data.
Address the following in 750–1,000 words:
Why did you select that particular source? Explain in detail.
What type of data does that source contain? Describe in detail.
What are the basic goals of your proposed program? Explain in detail.
What types of services would the program provide to crime victims with regard to the various types of crime? Explain in detail.
Be sure to reference all sources using APA style.
.
You have been successful in your application for the position be.docxbriancrawford30935
You have been successful in your application for the position below and are invited to interview – time and date to be arranged.
Job Title: Social Care Worker – Residential services Panel
The social care worker will…
· work with children / young people, families and / or significant others, Social Work teams, other healthcare providers and agencies, schools, training agencies and community groups.
· care for, protect, and support vulnerable or dependent clients, individually or in groups, in conjunction with the wider multidisciplinary team and other relevant agencies. S/he will ensure the welfare of those under his / her care and will act as an advocate as appropriate.
· contribute to the planning and evaluation of individualised and group programmes of care, which are based on needs, identified in consultation with the client and others and delivered through day-to-day shared life experiences.
· work as part of a team to provide a safe, caring environment for resident clients/ children / young people with the primary aim of providing the intervention necessary to address the issues that are preventing them from fulfilling their outcomes.
· treat clients/ children/ young people and their families with dignity and respect, promoting a culture of unconditional positive regard at all times.
· recognise clients/ children / young people as expert through experience, promoting their participation in care planning, placement planning, decision-making and service delivery.
· contribute to the promotion of good links with neighbours, local community resources, i.e. schools, employment schemes and clubs, local Gardai and any other appropriate service.
· engage in reflective and evidence based practice
. That guideline to use to answer this question 1 to 3
1. Creative practice, reflective practice and team skills
It is important that the Social Care Worker can work independently as well as part of a wider healthcare team, building and maintaining relationships and understanding and valuing individuals and their respective professional roles. S/he should be able to identify the limits of their practice and know when to seek advice and additional expertise or refer to another professional. S/he should be able to give and receive feedback and to input their learning into their practice.
In the space below, please give an example of a situation where you were responsible for an individual piece of work with a service user/group of service users and which demonstrates your ability in the above areas
2
.
Flexibility, resilience and ability to deal with challenges.
An effective Social Care Worker demonstrates a commitment to providing a quality service. S/he is innovative and open to change in striving to ensure high standards in service delivery. Challenges can arise in many ways in the course of Social Care practice and an ability to manage adversity when it arises is an important professional skill.
In the space below, please give an.
You have been hired as a project management consultant by compan.docxbriancrawford30935
You have been hired as a project management consultant by company XYZ to review the status of a CRM (Customer Relationship Management) implementation by their internal project manager. Project Manager has spent allot of time with stakeholders on request for additional features being added to the project, resulting in 7 CRs (total potential project impact of $400,000). You are to review and assess the available current data on the project and provide specific recommendations and prioritized next steps to the executive committee.
Start Date: March 2021
Planned Finish Date: September 2021
Current Phase: Implementation
Overall Percent Complete: 40%
Overall Approved budget: $1,000,000
Actual Cost to date: $650,000
Number of Change Requests submitted by stakeholders: 7
CPI = 0.45
SPI = 0.65
EV = $400,000
.
You have been hired to manage a particular aspect of the new ad.docxbriancrawford30935
You have been hired to manage a particular aspect of the new adult addictions center. It is your job to write a proposal to bring to the next board meeting so that funds can be allocated to initiate your plans. This is the brainstorming stage of the planning. Your proposal will need to be scrutinized by the board before it approves it. It is important to be as specific and detailed as possible to justify the needs of your department before going forward. It is also important to be realistic, but at the same time expand your ideas, goals, and aspirations into doable actions because this board wants you to think outside of the box.
MY ASSIGNED ROLE IS COMMUNITY RESOURCES
Community referrals and other needs (e.g., working with the justice system, local businesses, and nonprofit organizations)
Write a 900–1,200 word paper that addresses the following:
What is the department’s role within the organization, and what are its responsibilities?
What are the client needs or services that are addressed by this department?
What individuals and resources are needed to provide those services?
**** Paper must include ****
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusion
References for all of the sections, in APA style
.
You have been hired by Red Didgeridoo Technologies. They know th.docxbriancrawford30935
You have been hired by Red Didgeridoo Technologies. They know that they need to have network storage technologies, but their IT is a little lost. They want to have a scalable infrastructure to be able to expand and shrink the servers in their infrastructure when needed. In order to do this, they have purchased a license for VMware vSphere 6 Enterprise Plus.
NOTE:There must be at least 1 to 2 paragraphs per question.
1. Find and describe 2 distinct uses for a File Sharing Server which uses the sharing protocol named NFS (at least one of these must be a use specifically involving VMware vSphere 6 Enterprise Plus). List the advantages of using these implementations instead of using SMB or CIFS.
2. Find and describe 2 distinct uses (at least one of these must be a use which specifically involve VMware vSphere 6 Enterprise Plus) for iSCSI technology.
.
You have been hired by TMI to design an application using shell scri.docxbriancrawford30935
You have been hired by TMI to design an application using shell script programs. TMI
Case
Projects
needs you to design and create a new directory structure.
The company has several departments: accounting, sales, manufacturing, information tech-
nology, and headquarters. The accounting department has accounts receivable, accounts
payable, and payroll functions within it. The manufacturing department runs three shifts
and a weekend shift.The information technology department has five projects in progress.
The sales department has offices located in the West, East, North, and South.
First, design the Linux file system hierarchy on paper. Keep in mind that the depart-
ments, functions, shifts, regions, and projects need to translate into directories. Next, you
need to create this hierarchy on the Linux system. Create at least one empty file in each
directory. Use the department, function, shift, region, or project name as the filename
and include an extension of .dat.
.
You have been hired to evaluate the volcanic hazards associated .docxbriancrawford30935
You have been hired to evaluate the volcanic hazards associated with a dormant volcano. The volcano has no historically recorded eruptions, but is showing signs of stirring to life. Assuming that future volcanic activity would be similar to the prehistoric eruptions, what information would you seek out in the field as a part of your evaluation, and why would you collect this information?
.
You have been hired as an assistant to the public health officer for.docxbriancrawford30935
You have been hired as an assistant to the public health officer for the state. The budget deficit has impacted your state, and with elections high on the list of worries, legislators are concerned about their public image and are contemplating reducing the public health budget for the state. You are being asked to prepare a presentation to persuade legislators not to cut public health spending.
Select a public health program/service that will be impacted by a recently proposed state budget cut.
Prepare a PowerPoint presentation to persuade legislators not to cut public health funding. Present the cost/benefit of the public health program/service, the expected impact of the proposed cut, and conclude with an alternative proposal.
The presentation should have a minimum of 15 slides (not including the reference slides).
Notes should be present with each slide describing the information on the slide.
Provide supporting information.
Use charts, graphs, and other visuals.
Please make sure to present some state and local data of the community that will be impacted by the cuts.
REQUIREMENTS:
- Length: Assignment should be at least 15 slides, not counting reference slides.
- Cite your sources and include reference slides.
.
You have been engaged to develop a special calculator program. T.docxbriancrawford30935
You have been engaged to develop a special calculator program. The requirements for this program are very specific, and are as follows:
Create a Windows Forms application in Visual Studio using C#. The interface should look similar to the following:
Create the following controls, as shown above:
Labels for “Enter Information,” “Name,” “Input 1,” and “Input 2”
3 textboxes, as shown in the picture above
Buttons for addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division
Buttons for calculating sine, cosine, and tangent (based on the first input textbox only)
A button that calculates modulus
A button that clears the textboxes
Write a method for each of these calculations that will accept the incoming numbers from the two input fields and return the calculated value.
This value should be displayed in a MessageBox window, which should also display the user’s name from the first textbox.
Please submit your zipped Visual Studio project.
.
You have now delivered the project to your customer ahead of schedul.docxbriancrawford30935
You have now delivered the project to your customer ahead of schedule, but slightly over budget. Now, it is time to reflect on what went well and what didn’t go so well. Based on feedback throughout the course, what would you have done differently in terms of scope, resources, and / or schedule, and why?
.
You have now delivered the project to your customer. The project was.docxbriancrawford30935
You have now delivered the project to your customer. The project was delivered ahead of schedule, as requested by your project sponsor, but over budget by 20 percent. Now, it is time to reflect on what went well and what didn’t go well. Based on feedback throughout the course, what would you have done differently in terms of scope, resources, and schedule, and why?
.
You have now experienced the work of various scholars, artists and m.docxbriancrawford30935
You have now experienced the work of various scholars, artists and musicians who have connected words to social justice.
Now, it is your turn. Write a poem, song, spoken word, lecture, or rap that captures the struggle, action or hope that exists in a social issue of black lives matter. Be creative; this is your opportunity to express your reflections and ideas in a personal and compelling way.
.
You have learned that Mr. Moore does not drink alcohol in the mornin.docxbriancrawford30935
You have learned that Mr. Moore does not drink alcohol in the mornings. He does not binge drink, and he does not drink on Sundays. He does, however, drink the other 6 days of the week. Mrs. Moore explains his pattern of drinking Monday through Friday with his partners as stated in the scenario above, but he does not drink at home on those days. She also informs you that he does drink on Saturdays at home, often starting in the afternoon and passing out by dinnertime. He has a history of being loud, frightening, and angry when under the influence of alcohol. You also learn that Mr. Moore’s father was a winemaker from Italy.
Your supervisor, Officer Steve, suggests that you apply your knowledge of issues surrounding alcohol abuse and alcohol addiction to this case and write a memo to him. The memo should include the proper headings: "To," "From," "Date," and "Re:." The docket number and probation case file number should be included in the "Re:" section. You are beginning to determine whether Mr. Moore has an issue with alcohol that needs to be further addressed.
In the memo, do the following:
Submit the assignment in the format of a memo.
Include the proper headings: "To," "From," "Date," and "Re:." The docket number and probation case file number need to be included in the "Re:" section.
Apply the facts of Mr. Moore's case to the definitions of alcohol abuse and alcohol addiction.
Apply these facts to the differences between alcohol use and abuse.
Apply these facts to the DSM-IV criteria for a diagnosis of alcohol abuse.
Apply these facts to the disease model of alcohol abuse.
Apply these facts to the role genetics and heredity may play in the transmission of alcohol abuse from one generation to another
.
.
You have been hired by a large hospitality firm (e.g., Marriot.docxbriancrawford30935
You have been hired by a large hospitality firm (e.g., Marriott International, Hilton, Sheraton, Best Western, etc.) to be the project manager of the firm’s HQ office relocation project. You have been asked to speak to the HQ HR staff about the project. Many of the staff have very little understanding of project management. Also, they are fearful that this project will end up being a failure since other projects have failed at the firm. Explain to them the key elements of project management by comparing it to something they do understand well - human resources management (HRM). Be sure that your explanation addresses their fears of project management.
.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
PROTECTING THE NATION’S CYBER SYSTEMS 9WHAT ARE THE .docx
1. PROTECTING THE NATION’S CYBER SYSTEMS 9
WHAT ARE THE METHODS THAT CAN BE EMPLOYED TO
REDUCE THE THREAT TO THE NATION’S CYBER
SYSTEMS
A Master Thesis
Submitted to the Faculty
Of
American Public University
By
Daniella Rowell
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the degree
Of
Master of Arts
February 2016
American Public University
Charles Town, WV
Introduction and purpose statement
Technology is an intrinsic tool of change in the world today. It
has had a very huge impact on how things are done given that it
seeks to enhance life in way or another. A new global threat
known as cybercrime was introduced in the wake of
technological advancements. Cybercrime is basically defined as
any unlawful act whereby the perpetrator uses a computer or
network in its perpetration or the computer or network is a
2. target. The 21st Century has seen immense changes in how
criminals are committing crime as they rely more on computers
than ever (Brenner, 2010). Whereas some commit cyber-crimes
due to the thrill involved, others are motivated by economic
goals such as deriving profits. Consequently, cybercrime is a
core issue that needs to be tackled as it has a wide array of
motivations, targets and it commission is ever changing.
Comment by Chris: No comma between the author and year
in Turabian formatting. The comma goes between the year and
page number. Comment by Chris: Is this your purpose
statement? You need to clearly state your purpose statement.
“The purpose of this thesis is to…….”
This study seeks to address underlying issues within our society
that in one way or another contributes to cyber-crime. These
factors range from government policies, societal and personal
factors such as a jealous spouse hacking his or her partners
account, ideological motivated cybercrime and structural cause
whereby more information is stored online hence increase cyber
criminals reward. The U.S government for examples lacks an
official definition of cybercrime. As a result, this term is used
interchangeably to refer to other internet and/or technology
related malicious acts. Federal law enforcement agencies on the
other hand give cybercrime a legal definition based on their
jurisdiction and crimes they are charged with investigating
(Kirwan, 2013). Furthermore, there is no national strategy
solely focused on fighting cybercrime. Instead, it’s integrated in
strategies aimed at fighting other crimes such as Transnational
Organized crime among others. Consequently, there is need to
communicate a vivid definition of cybercrime to persons vested
with authority of carrying out prevention strategies. Cyber
criminals form networks which increases difficulty of
elimination.
Cyber criminals have made a lot of effort in trying to increase
the profitability of their activities. Both small and large
businesses are at risk of being victims of cybercrime. One
3. estimate has placed cybercrime as a very costly affair for
victims in a research done in twenty four countries whereby the
total cost was $113 billion (Kirwan, 2012). Since it is relatively
difficult to identify perpetrators of cyber-crimes, there is a high
likelihood of repeated victimization. Victims may feel
powerless and unable to defend themselves which in return
makes them feel as if they are under siege. Others may feel
embarrassment resulting from self-blame or the feeling that they
would have done better to protect themselves.
Research Question
Cyber-security refers to the efforts which are geared towards
the protection of information and computer systems from
unauthorized access as well as theft. Security is a broad aspect,
and it encompasses the protection of hardware from physical
damage and software from being compromised. This paper
proposes the following research question:What are the methods
that can be employed to reduce the threat to the nation’s cyber
systems? Comment by Chris: Good
Given that as technology continues to develop, cybercrime will
continue to thrive because of developments in modes and
methods of attack, it is important for nations and organizations
to come up with a mixed system approaches. These approaches
ought to be focused on addressing this issue in an effective
manner. Apart from generating fear in the target, cybercrime
activities are usually aimed at paralyzing essential
infrastructures, causing both physical and monetary damages
and stealing vital information; for instance, security codes or
government secrets (Ahmad & Yunos, 2012; Taliham, 2010).
Theoretical Framework and review of pertinent Literature
Most renowned classical sociologists have made an effort to
contribute towards the notion of social order and the effects of
science, technology and crime in the society. Durkheim for
example stressed on the scientific approach that crime is
inevitable in a modern organic society. On the other hand,
Marxism relates criminality to capitalism in that a capitalist
society seeks to protect the haves and diminish the have-nots
4. into further poverty. Weber, views society as a rational one.
This view holds that events in the society including criminality
take place based on logic and not tradition or morality. The
above classical scholars voiced their views on technology,
crime and effects on society with an objective focus on the
changes taking place in the society as a result of technology.
Moreover, they felt that new forms of crime would emerge as a
result of technological advancements which is evident in the
modern society. Comment by Chris: I do not see Durkheim
in your bibliography. Comment by Chris: I do not see
Weber in your bibliography.
Modern-day thinkers on crime and technology such as Robert
Merton (1968) in his renowned Anomie theory pointed out that
the society sets goals with little means of achieving them.
Among the five ways of reaction to the set societal goals is
innovation. This means that people accept the set goals but do
not consider the set means of achieving them as effective.
Consequently, they create new means of achieving the set goals
with some being criminal such as cybercrime. Technology
cannot be classifies as either food or bad, neither is it an
impartial force. It has led to changes in the society is structured
causing a shift from industrial to network structure. A network
structure undoubtedly increases interaction between people
around the world resulting to ‘Organized Global Crime’.
Comment by Chris: I do not see Merton in your
bibliography. Comment by Chris: I do not see Majid in your
bibliography.
Majid (2006) opines that crimes change rapidly and what’s
criminal or not varies with time and change in place. The author
quotes a wide array of ways in which cybercrime has impacted
negatively to the society. He discusses the various forms of
cybercrime among them e-frauds, online hate speech, piracy,
and pornography among others. The criminal justice still lacks
the knowhow and up to date knowledge in dealing with
cybercrime. Some people are victims of cyber-attacks due to
online freedom made possible by technology thus increasing
5. their vulnerability as Jainshankar (2011) rightly points out. A
relatively new scope of cybercrime known as cyber terrorism is
advanced by Clarke (2009), whereby perpetrators utilize
computers and networks to wage war against other countries
such burning of high power transmission lines, explosion of gas
pipes among others. Holt (2011) put an emphasis on four main
types of cybercrime namely cyber theft, cyber violence, and
cyber trespass and cyber porn. In his view there exists a gap in
research that need to raise public awareness who in his view
search anything from the internet unaware of the risk they
expose themselves to. Whereas some scholars believe that the
internet has increased relationships between people, others
disagree. The latter opine that the internet contributes a decline
in communication in the family hence increasing depression and
aggression. There is little physical interaction as family
members gain hat can be referred to as ‘virtual families’
therefore loosing contact with the real life family members.
This contributes to cybercrime in two ways. Firstly, people
spend more time on the internet which may sometimes trigger
the will to explore further thus learning ways of committing
cybercrime. Secondly, loss of contact with the family among
young adults and children reduces the impact it the family has
in molding positive behavior. Comment by Chris: I do not see
Jainshankar in your bibliography. Comment by Chris: I do not
see Clarke in your bibliography. Comment by Chris: I do not
see Holt in your bibliography.
Significance of the study
The research shall enlighten common internet users about
cybercrime, what it is and its importance in the growing
technological developments. Moreover, the study shall increase
their knowledge on how they can reduce vulnerability to
cyberattacks by looking to already known predisposing factors
to cyber-attacks (Clough, 2010). This paper shall discuss
various aspects of cyber-crimes amongst them: defining the
term, laws governing them, methods of perpetration, scope of
6. victims, its prevention and reasons why it occurs. Cybercrime is
on an upward trend given that technology is and shall not
expected to stagnate.
The study also seeks to understand the scope of national and
international responsibilities in fighting cybercrime. This is
because as it is the case with Transnational Organized Crime
(TOC), cybercrime requires international cooperation so as to
overcome limitations emanating from the question of
jurisdiction (Goodman, 2015). The study shall also point out
when the federal government can infringe on a suspect’s rights
such as right to privacy in the name of curbing cybercrime. This
is currently a burning issue in the U.S as evident in the ongoing
lawsuit dubbed ‘Federal government Vs. Apple’ (Benner, 2016).
The study shall further search for ways in which business
entities can practice proper safety so to safeguard integrity and
privacy of stored information. These practices range from
staying off game sites to forwarding mails especially chain
mails.
The hallmark of the study shall be to assess social impact of
cybercrime as it is a rather neglected aspect. More emphasis is
put in economic scope which although has detrimental effects
should not supersede social implications of cybercrime
(Goodman, 2015). This is because cybercrime incriminate on
the very fiber of our society. Children are possible victims
hence should be targeted for education on proper use of
computers. Parents should endeavor to monitor their activities
on the computer and internet.
Research design
A mixed research design shall be employed namely quantitive
and qualitative in addressing the problem statement. In my
approach for the research I shall use correlational design to
explore the relationship if any between cyber criminality and
weak social ties. Most classical and modern scholars seem to
agree that weak social ties causes deviance but struggle to relate
cybercrime to that phenomenon. Comment by Chris:
Misspelled. “Quantitative”. Comment by Chris: First-person.
7. Rephrase: “In the researcher’s approach…” Comment by
Chris: First-person. Rephrase “this researcher”. Comment by
Chris: “a”
To accomplish a clear research, I shall embark on a comparative
analysis between conventional and historical policies and their
effectiveness in dealing with the problem statement to support
the research. In addition, understanding both historical and
conventional policies shall enable us identify loopholes or gaps
within the law or policies that benefit cyber criminals.
Cybercrime is complex and has numerous question begging for
answers hence a mixed research design shall enable the research
give possible answers. Comment by Chris: First person.
Rephrase “this researcher”
Comment by Chris: Your bibliography needs to be on a
separate page. It also looks like you center-justified your text.
This is incorrect. You must left-justify your citations. Turabian
formatting requires single-spacing within each citation, with a
single-space in between citations. You must also tab in .5
inches on each line beneath the author’s name.
Bibliography
Ahmad, R. & Yunos, Z. (2012). A dynamic cyber terrorism
framework. International Journal of Computer Science and
Information Security, 10(2), 149-158
Brenner, S. W. (2010). Cybercrime: Criminal threats from
cyberspace. Santa Barbara, Calif: Praeger.
Benner, E. (2016). Apple Fights Order to Unlock San
Bernardino Gunman’s iPhone. Nytimes.com. Retrieved 24
8. February 2016. Retrieved from
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/18/technology/apple-timothy-
cook-fbi-san-bernardino.html
Clough, J. (2010). Principles of cybercrime. Cambridge, UK:
Cambridge University Press.
Goodman, M. (2015). Future Crimes: Everything Is Connected,
Everyone Is Vulnerable and What We Can Do About It. New
York [New York] : Doubleday.
Kirwan, G., & Power, A. (2012). The psychology of cyber
crime: Concepts and principles. Hershey, PA: Information
Science Reference.
Kirwan, G., & Power, A. (2013). Cybercrime: The psychology
of online offenders. Cambridge Cambridge University.
O'Brien, M., & Yar, M. (2008). Criminology: The key concepts.
London: Routledge.
Ruan, K. (2013). Cybercrime and cloud forensics: Applications
for investigation processes. Hershey, PA: Information Science
Reference.
Daniella,
Your Week 4 Thesis Proposal is missing a couple of critical
items. I did not see your Purpose Statement clearly stated
anywhere. I also noted numerous authors that you cite, yet you
do not have corresponding entries in your bibliography. I noted
several instances of your usage of the first-person narrative,
which needs to be corrected to the third-person narrative. Your
bibliography was not properly formatted and was double-
spaced. Your bibliography needs to be on a separate page. It
also looks like you center-justified your text. This is incorrect.
You must left-justify your citations. Turabian formatting
requires single-spacing within each citation, with a single space
in between citations. You must also tab in .5 inches on each line
beneath the author’s name. Your Turnitin.com similarity rating
was 5% after excluding your bibliography, which is good. Next
week, you will submit your annotated bibliography, which will
help from the main content for your Literature Review.
9. I need you to re-accomplish your Week 4 paper that addresses
the items noted. Please re upload your Week 4 paper with the
word “Revised” in the title.
Chris
Criteria
Exemplary 16-20
Accomplished 11-15
Developing 6-10
Beginning 0-5
Total
Synthesis of Knowledge
17
Foundation of Knowledge
17
Application of Knowledge
16
Organization of Ideas/Format
12
Writing and Research Skill