HM502
Unit 5 DQ
Topic 1: Infrastructure Protection
A detailed discussion of threats to and the process of protecting critical infrastructure and key resources (CI/KR) sectors from man-made and natural disasters are essential for understanding one of the main missions of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS). In detailed analysis of threats and protection challenges, several CI/KR sectors have emerged that require the attention of DHS professionals. These sectors include:
· Agriculture and Food
· Banking and Finance
· Communications
· Defense Industrial Base
· Energy
· Information Technology
· National Monuments and Icons
· Transportation Systems
· Water
What are some of the major threats to the CI/KR sectors identified above? Discuss some of the critical vulnerabilities of these CI/KR sectors. What are some of the prime consequences if these CI/KR sectors are damaged or destroyed? Describe DHS plans to deter threats, mitigate vulnerabilities, and minimize consequences.
Topic 1 Student Response #1 (Respond to Jeffery)
Jeffery Bailey
Hello classmates/Professor
The Homeland Security Act of 2002 provides the basis for Department of Homeland Security (DHS) responsibilities in the protection of the Nation’s CIKR. The act assigns DHS the responsibility for developing a comprehensive national plan for securing CIKR and for recommending the “measures necessary to protect the key resources and critical infrastructure of the United States coordination with other agencies of the Federal Government and in cooperation with State and
local government agencies and authorities, the private sector, and other entities. (Chertoff, 2009) The NIPP defines the organizational structures that provide
the framework for coordination of CIKR protection efforts at all levels of government, their framework includes the action of setting goals and objectives, Identify Assets, Systems and Networks, Assess Risk, consequences, vulnerabilities, and threats. Prioritize, Implement Programs and Measure effectiveness.
The NIPP Conducts research and development and using technology to improve CIKR protection-related capabilities to ensure refined risk assessments for many years into the future. The NIPP assistance programs offers Federal grant assistance to State, local, tribal, and territorial entities; and complement relevant private sector activities. Part of their mission is to make America safer and more secure from cyber attacks and also both man made and natural disasters. Together, the NIPP and SSPs provide the mechanisms for identifying critical assets, systems, and networks, and their associated sectors. In dealing with risk and emergencies the NIPP has Sector Specific Agencies that are assigned certain areas of responsibilities such as Agriculture, Food, Energy and Water. Banking and Finance Communications, in dealing with the potential risk that may befall any of these entities the NIPP takes critical steps to assess, mitigate, protect, and plan for futur ...
TestimonyBefore the Subcommittee on National Security,Ve.docxmattinsonjanel
Testimony
Before the Subcommittee on National Security,
Veterans Affairs, and International Relations;
House Committee on Government Reform
United States General Accounting Office
GAO
For Release on Delivery
Expected at
10:00 a.m., EDT
Friday
October 12, 2001
HOMELAND SECURITY
Key Elements of a Risk
Management Approach
Statement of Raymond J. Decker, Director
Defense Capabilities and Management
GAO-02-150T
Page 1 GAO-02-150T
Mr. Chairman and Members of the Committee:
I appreciate the opportunity to be here today to discuss with you an
approach to manage the risk from terrorism directed at Americans in our
homeland. With the initiation of military operations against terrorist
targets in Afghanistan, senior government officials indicated the need to
be prepared for the potential of another attack on our homeland. There
may be ways to prepare better in the event such an attack does come. We
have undertaken a body of work in the area of combating terrorism, which
has evaluated various facets of federal efforts to address this challenge.
From this work, we identified three essential elements in an effective risk
management approach to prepare better against acts of terrorism. My
testimony today will focus on the three key elements that the federal
government as well as state and local governments and private entities
should adopt to enhance their timely preparedness against potential
threats.
Risk management is a systematic and analytical process to consider the
likelihood that a threat will endanger an asset, individual, or function and
to identify actions to reduce the risk and mitigate the consequences of an
attack. Risk management principles acknowledge that while risk generally
cannot be eliminated, enhancing protection from known or potential
threats can reduce it. A good risk management approach includes three
primary elements: a threat assessment, a vulnerability assessment, and a
criticality assessment. Threat assessments are important decision support
tools that can assist organizations in security-program planning and key
efforts. A threat assessment identifies and evaluates threats based on
various factors, including capability and intentions as well as the potential
lethality of an attack. Over the past several years, we have recommended
that a comprehensive, national threat assessment be conducted by the
appropriate federal agencies. Nonetheless, we will never know whether
we have identified every threat, nor will we have complete information
about the threats that we have identified. Consequently, we believe that
the two other elements of the approach, vulnerability assessments and
criticality assessments, are essential and required to prepare better against
terrorist attacks. A vulnerability assessment is a process that identifies
weaknesses that may be exploited by terrorists and suggests options to
eliminate or mitigate those weaknesses. A criticality assessment is a
process designed to systematically identify and e ...
William Strong1. Explain what is meant by the collaborations bet.docxambersalomon88660
William Strong
1. Explain what is meant by the collaborations between port security and enforcement operations.
Collaborations between port security and enforcement operations is paramount. Although security officers and law enforcement officers have the same mission which is to keep the port secured, one will always have more authority than the other. Port security has a broad spectrum not limited to gate guards, check points, roving patrols and surveillance. Even though port security may seem like an all-in one but there are limits of each section. Private security agencies have a strong foot hold in the fight against terror in the United States.
Enforcement operations are the actions from the planning and briefings that are conducted every day. As enforcement, the unit must go out and enforce the rules, regulations and laws of which are written in the maritime laws and the United States. Enforcement has the responsibility for making arrest and conducting the searches on the vehicle, people and vessels that enter the port.
The communication between the private security and the United States government is a relationship that requires an understanding on which section does what. Communication is paramount in the security world and all sections need to work as a team to succeed.
2. Discuss the priorities detailed in the 2013 DNI Threat Assessment Report?
The Director of National Intelligence covered almost about everything involving the national security on the United States regarding many countries in the Middle East, Europe, Africa and South America. The report also included many categories such as weapons of mass destruction, cybercrime and food. Weapons of mass destruction can be made out of many things and it is difficult to keep track of all the house hold products that can make a bad day for the public. Cybercrime is on the top of the list due to everything is connected to the internet. With cybercrimes that are influenced by other countries, they can harm the Unites States infrastructure by creating a panic in the economy. Food may seem like a small worry but food is a major factor in everyday life. If the food industry would to be contaminated with a virus it could cause an epidemic that could be fatal to thousands.
All sections in the DNI 2013 report are important, many have a higher level of concern due to the lives at risk and the areas that can be affected by a terrorist attack.
Reference
Christopher, K. (2014). Port security management (2nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press
Clapper, J. (2013). Worldwide Threat Assessment of the US Intelligence Community. Statement for the record. Senate Committee on Armed Service.
Duane LeClair
1. Explain what is meant by the collaborations between port security and enforcement operations.
In order to have and maintain a secure port facility, the port facility security officer, and staff, must have a working relationship with state and local law enforcement departme.
Running head Critical infrastructure and key resources1.docxsusanschei
Running head: Critical infrastructure and key resources 1
Critical Infrastructure and Key Resources
Wilmington University
Shashank Pitla
Table of Contents
Introduction3
Identifying Critical Assets:4
Three important and CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND KEY RESOURCES (CIKR)5
Agriculture5
Government Facilities5
Health Care Sector5
Banking6
Responsibilities and risk assessment6
Information Sharing8
Conclusion10
Works Cited11
Introduction
Critical infrastructure is here after preferred as CI is which has predefined as frameworks and resources, physical or virtual, so basic to the United States that the insufficiency or demolition of such systems and assets would incapacitating influence security, national fiscal security, national general prosperity and prosperity, or any blend of those matters.
PDD-63, distinguished exercises whose basic frameworks ought to be secured data and correspondences, keeping money and fund, water supply flying, expressways, mass travel, pipelines, rail administrations. The following research paper can help in identifying of how can we recognize the basic foundation around us or in a group and what are the obligations that must be taken amid catastrophe in group and which particular office is mindful, how impart the data all through the procedures (GOV, 2009)
The exercises that are so specific are key to the everyday working and security of the nation for instance, transportation of merchandise and individuals, correspondences, saving the financial state, the supply and dispersion of power and water. Residential security and our capacity to observe, low in count of the antagonistic acts additionally rely on upon some of these exercises and in addition other more particular exercises like insight assembling and summon and control of public safety and military strengths. A genuine interruption in these exercises and abilities could indirectly impact on the Nations security and even the capacity of the variety of resources, capacities, data, all personal information, and frameworks/ structure of the system, shaping what has been known as the country's basic foundations. These foundations have developed mind boggling and interconnected, implying that an interruption in one may prompt disturbances in others (GOV, 2009)(Security, NIPP 2013, 2013).Identification of CA:
DHS is also referred as Department of Homeland Security, through different components, by including through state country security authorities and lead organization authorities, looks to recognize framework resources that fit the meaning of basic foundation. The National Critical Infrastructure Prioritization Program here after is referred as NCIPP and the Critical Foreign Dependencies Initiative that is referred as CFDI , bolstered with evaluation and analysis from the National Infrastructure Simulation and Analysis Center and the Office of Infrastructure Analysis, recognize those benefits by including in the country and even in the foreign countries ...
Larry KeaslerAs part of the nation’s 16 Critical Infrastructure .docxsmile790243
Larry Keasler
As part of the nation’s 16 Critical Infrastructure Sectors, the primary objective of the Defense Industrial Base (DIB) Sector is to directly support the U.S. military forces in the production of materials and services. As specified by Homeland Security Presidential Directive 7 (HSPD-7), the Department of Defense is the Sector-Specific Agency for the DIB Sector. In this role, the DoD is “responsible for leading a collaborative, coordinated effort to identify, assess, and improve risk management of critical infrastructure within DIB” (DHS, 2013, 11). Associated partners of the DoD working in collaboration are interagency members such as the Department of Energy, Department of State, Transportation Security Administration, and a large number of representatives from the private sector.
The vital roles than the private sector plays in helping the federal government carry out its objectives are to provide support to the military in the field of research and development, manufacturing of products and integrated systems, weapon systems and components. Making up the private sector in the DIB Sector are international and domestic companies, laboratories, academia, and logistic chains. The DIB is broken down into 10 segments which include a make-up of sub-segments. The segments include: Missile, Aircraft, Troop support, Space, Combat vehicle, Ammunition, Weapons, Information technology, Shipbuilding, and Electronics.
The types of services and materials that are produced does not define the DIB as the other critical infrastructure sectors are defined, rather the DIB is defined by who their customer is that will be receiving the services and materials. Once a facility that has been identified by DoD to be a production partner, vulnerability assessments are conducted considering the value to the nation. These assessments not only identify vulnerabilities from natural disasters, but also from possible intentional attacks. However, due to the enormity of associated assets, “DoD encourages DIB asset owner/operators to apply a risk management approach to protecting DIB infrastructure. DoD assists owner/operators with understanding the risk—impact of loss, vulnerabilities, and threat—associated with a specific asset” (DHS, 2015, 23).
Reference
Department of Homeland Security. (2015). Defense industrial base sector specific plan: An annex to the NIPP 2013. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
John McLaughlin
For this week’s reading regarding the sector specific plans associated with critical infrastructure, I chose to read about the information technology sector. Information technology field is one of the biggest when it comes to different departments of the government contracting out the jobs. With the United States relying on technology more than ever the importance of information technology specialists are at a premium. When it comes to information technology government entities tend to contract out the jobs to reputable compani ...
LESSON NOTES WEEK 5HLSS215 Regulatory Issues in Weapons of Ma.docxsmile790243
LESSON NOTES WEEK 5:HLSS215 Regulatory Issues in Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD):CO-5 Explain the process of primary care management for behavioral reactions during a weapon of mass destruction incident in the United States.
This week’s lecture focuses on understanding that as current events show us, applying federal regulatory best practices and sanction do not always work. Therefore, we need to be able to evaluate and appraise emergency management planning and relate to the various operational community action plans and be aware of secondary effects of a WMD incident. In addition, it provides the student four questions to consider preparedness and is designed to spark the student’s interest in learning more about Regulatory Issues in Weapons of Mass Destruction.
When you read World at Risk – pages 82-106 – you should gain an understanding of the Government and culture and who is accountable for preventing WMD proliferation and terrorism. After reading this, stop and think for a moment, make your own determinations on whether or not the world of government has a serious lack of coordination among the various agencies whose job it is to keep us safe.
Next, as you read, Weapons of Terror, Chapter 6 – This reading assignment focus on delivery means, missile defenses, and weapons in space. This reading focuses on three subjects that are not exclusively related to any one of the categories of WMD – the means of delivery of WMD, the dangers of missile defenses, and the risk of weaponization of outer space.
With that, let us start our lesson, as current events show us, applying federal regulatory best practices and sanction do not always work. Therefore, we need to be able to evaluate and appraise emergency management planning and relate to the various operational community action plans and be aware of secondary effects of a WMD incident.
We need to understand this because one of the gravest threats facing Americans today is a terrorist detonating a nuclear bomb within our borders.
The United States wields enormous power of the traditional kind, but traditional power is less effective than it used to be. In today’s world, individuals anywhere on the planet connect instantly with one another and with information. Money is moved, transactions are made, information is shared, instructions are issued, and attacks are unleashed with a keystroke. Weapons of tremendous destructive capability can be developed or acquired by those without access to an industrial base or even an economic base of any kind, and those weapons can be used to kill thousands of people and disrupt vital financial, communications, and transportation systems, which are easy to attack and hard to defend. All these factors have made nation-states less powerful and more vulnerable relative to the terrorists, who have no national base to defend and who therefore cannot be deterred through traditional means. (World at Risk 2008, xxi)
Therefore, it is critical, able to ev ...
TestimonyBefore the Subcommittee on National Security,Ve.docxmattinsonjanel
Testimony
Before the Subcommittee on National Security,
Veterans Affairs, and International Relations;
House Committee on Government Reform
United States General Accounting Office
GAO
For Release on Delivery
Expected at
10:00 a.m., EDT
Friday
October 12, 2001
HOMELAND SECURITY
Key Elements of a Risk
Management Approach
Statement of Raymond J. Decker, Director
Defense Capabilities and Management
GAO-02-150T
Page 1 GAO-02-150T
Mr. Chairman and Members of the Committee:
I appreciate the opportunity to be here today to discuss with you an
approach to manage the risk from terrorism directed at Americans in our
homeland. With the initiation of military operations against terrorist
targets in Afghanistan, senior government officials indicated the need to
be prepared for the potential of another attack on our homeland. There
may be ways to prepare better in the event such an attack does come. We
have undertaken a body of work in the area of combating terrorism, which
has evaluated various facets of federal efforts to address this challenge.
From this work, we identified three essential elements in an effective risk
management approach to prepare better against acts of terrorism. My
testimony today will focus on the three key elements that the federal
government as well as state and local governments and private entities
should adopt to enhance their timely preparedness against potential
threats.
Risk management is a systematic and analytical process to consider the
likelihood that a threat will endanger an asset, individual, or function and
to identify actions to reduce the risk and mitigate the consequences of an
attack. Risk management principles acknowledge that while risk generally
cannot be eliminated, enhancing protection from known or potential
threats can reduce it. A good risk management approach includes three
primary elements: a threat assessment, a vulnerability assessment, and a
criticality assessment. Threat assessments are important decision support
tools that can assist organizations in security-program planning and key
efforts. A threat assessment identifies and evaluates threats based on
various factors, including capability and intentions as well as the potential
lethality of an attack. Over the past several years, we have recommended
that a comprehensive, national threat assessment be conducted by the
appropriate federal agencies. Nonetheless, we will never know whether
we have identified every threat, nor will we have complete information
about the threats that we have identified. Consequently, we believe that
the two other elements of the approach, vulnerability assessments and
criticality assessments, are essential and required to prepare better against
terrorist attacks. A vulnerability assessment is a process that identifies
weaknesses that may be exploited by terrorists and suggests options to
eliminate or mitigate those weaknesses. A criticality assessment is a
process designed to systematically identify and e ...
William Strong1. Explain what is meant by the collaborations bet.docxambersalomon88660
William Strong
1. Explain what is meant by the collaborations between port security and enforcement operations.
Collaborations between port security and enforcement operations is paramount. Although security officers and law enforcement officers have the same mission which is to keep the port secured, one will always have more authority than the other. Port security has a broad spectrum not limited to gate guards, check points, roving patrols and surveillance. Even though port security may seem like an all-in one but there are limits of each section. Private security agencies have a strong foot hold in the fight against terror in the United States.
Enforcement operations are the actions from the planning and briefings that are conducted every day. As enforcement, the unit must go out and enforce the rules, regulations and laws of which are written in the maritime laws and the United States. Enforcement has the responsibility for making arrest and conducting the searches on the vehicle, people and vessels that enter the port.
The communication between the private security and the United States government is a relationship that requires an understanding on which section does what. Communication is paramount in the security world and all sections need to work as a team to succeed.
2. Discuss the priorities detailed in the 2013 DNI Threat Assessment Report?
The Director of National Intelligence covered almost about everything involving the national security on the United States regarding many countries in the Middle East, Europe, Africa and South America. The report also included many categories such as weapons of mass destruction, cybercrime and food. Weapons of mass destruction can be made out of many things and it is difficult to keep track of all the house hold products that can make a bad day for the public. Cybercrime is on the top of the list due to everything is connected to the internet. With cybercrimes that are influenced by other countries, they can harm the Unites States infrastructure by creating a panic in the economy. Food may seem like a small worry but food is a major factor in everyday life. If the food industry would to be contaminated with a virus it could cause an epidemic that could be fatal to thousands.
All sections in the DNI 2013 report are important, many have a higher level of concern due to the lives at risk and the areas that can be affected by a terrorist attack.
Reference
Christopher, K. (2014). Port security management (2nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press
Clapper, J. (2013). Worldwide Threat Assessment of the US Intelligence Community. Statement for the record. Senate Committee on Armed Service.
Duane LeClair
1. Explain what is meant by the collaborations between port security and enforcement operations.
In order to have and maintain a secure port facility, the port facility security officer, and staff, must have a working relationship with state and local law enforcement departme.
Running head Critical infrastructure and key resources1.docxsusanschei
Running head: Critical infrastructure and key resources 1
Critical Infrastructure and Key Resources
Wilmington University
Shashank Pitla
Table of Contents
Introduction3
Identifying Critical Assets:4
Three important and CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND KEY RESOURCES (CIKR)5
Agriculture5
Government Facilities5
Health Care Sector5
Banking6
Responsibilities and risk assessment6
Information Sharing8
Conclusion10
Works Cited11
Introduction
Critical infrastructure is here after preferred as CI is which has predefined as frameworks and resources, physical or virtual, so basic to the United States that the insufficiency or demolition of such systems and assets would incapacitating influence security, national fiscal security, national general prosperity and prosperity, or any blend of those matters.
PDD-63, distinguished exercises whose basic frameworks ought to be secured data and correspondences, keeping money and fund, water supply flying, expressways, mass travel, pipelines, rail administrations. The following research paper can help in identifying of how can we recognize the basic foundation around us or in a group and what are the obligations that must be taken amid catastrophe in group and which particular office is mindful, how impart the data all through the procedures (GOV, 2009)
The exercises that are so specific are key to the everyday working and security of the nation for instance, transportation of merchandise and individuals, correspondences, saving the financial state, the supply and dispersion of power and water. Residential security and our capacity to observe, low in count of the antagonistic acts additionally rely on upon some of these exercises and in addition other more particular exercises like insight assembling and summon and control of public safety and military strengths. A genuine interruption in these exercises and abilities could indirectly impact on the Nations security and even the capacity of the variety of resources, capacities, data, all personal information, and frameworks/ structure of the system, shaping what has been known as the country's basic foundations. These foundations have developed mind boggling and interconnected, implying that an interruption in one may prompt disturbances in others (GOV, 2009)(Security, NIPP 2013, 2013).Identification of CA:
DHS is also referred as Department of Homeland Security, through different components, by including through state country security authorities and lead organization authorities, looks to recognize framework resources that fit the meaning of basic foundation. The National Critical Infrastructure Prioritization Program here after is referred as NCIPP and the Critical Foreign Dependencies Initiative that is referred as CFDI , bolstered with evaluation and analysis from the National Infrastructure Simulation and Analysis Center and the Office of Infrastructure Analysis, recognize those benefits by including in the country and even in the foreign countries ...
Larry KeaslerAs part of the nation’s 16 Critical Infrastructure .docxsmile790243
Larry Keasler
As part of the nation’s 16 Critical Infrastructure Sectors, the primary objective of the Defense Industrial Base (DIB) Sector is to directly support the U.S. military forces in the production of materials and services. As specified by Homeland Security Presidential Directive 7 (HSPD-7), the Department of Defense is the Sector-Specific Agency for the DIB Sector. In this role, the DoD is “responsible for leading a collaborative, coordinated effort to identify, assess, and improve risk management of critical infrastructure within DIB” (DHS, 2013, 11). Associated partners of the DoD working in collaboration are interagency members such as the Department of Energy, Department of State, Transportation Security Administration, and a large number of representatives from the private sector.
The vital roles than the private sector plays in helping the federal government carry out its objectives are to provide support to the military in the field of research and development, manufacturing of products and integrated systems, weapon systems and components. Making up the private sector in the DIB Sector are international and domestic companies, laboratories, academia, and logistic chains. The DIB is broken down into 10 segments which include a make-up of sub-segments. The segments include: Missile, Aircraft, Troop support, Space, Combat vehicle, Ammunition, Weapons, Information technology, Shipbuilding, and Electronics.
The types of services and materials that are produced does not define the DIB as the other critical infrastructure sectors are defined, rather the DIB is defined by who their customer is that will be receiving the services and materials. Once a facility that has been identified by DoD to be a production partner, vulnerability assessments are conducted considering the value to the nation. These assessments not only identify vulnerabilities from natural disasters, but also from possible intentional attacks. However, due to the enormity of associated assets, “DoD encourages DIB asset owner/operators to apply a risk management approach to protecting DIB infrastructure. DoD assists owner/operators with understanding the risk—impact of loss, vulnerabilities, and threat—associated with a specific asset” (DHS, 2015, 23).
Reference
Department of Homeland Security. (2015). Defense industrial base sector specific plan: An annex to the NIPP 2013. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
John McLaughlin
For this week’s reading regarding the sector specific plans associated with critical infrastructure, I chose to read about the information technology sector. Information technology field is one of the biggest when it comes to different departments of the government contracting out the jobs. With the United States relying on technology more than ever the importance of information technology specialists are at a premium. When it comes to information technology government entities tend to contract out the jobs to reputable compani ...
LESSON NOTES WEEK 5HLSS215 Regulatory Issues in Weapons of Ma.docxsmile790243
LESSON NOTES WEEK 5:HLSS215 Regulatory Issues in Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD):CO-5 Explain the process of primary care management for behavioral reactions during a weapon of mass destruction incident in the United States.
This week’s lecture focuses on understanding that as current events show us, applying federal regulatory best practices and sanction do not always work. Therefore, we need to be able to evaluate and appraise emergency management planning and relate to the various operational community action plans and be aware of secondary effects of a WMD incident. In addition, it provides the student four questions to consider preparedness and is designed to spark the student’s interest in learning more about Regulatory Issues in Weapons of Mass Destruction.
When you read World at Risk – pages 82-106 – you should gain an understanding of the Government and culture and who is accountable for preventing WMD proliferation and terrorism. After reading this, stop and think for a moment, make your own determinations on whether or not the world of government has a serious lack of coordination among the various agencies whose job it is to keep us safe.
Next, as you read, Weapons of Terror, Chapter 6 – This reading assignment focus on delivery means, missile defenses, and weapons in space. This reading focuses on three subjects that are not exclusively related to any one of the categories of WMD – the means of delivery of WMD, the dangers of missile defenses, and the risk of weaponization of outer space.
With that, let us start our lesson, as current events show us, applying federal regulatory best practices and sanction do not always work. Therefore, we need to be able to evaluate and appraise emergency management planning and relate to the various operational community action plans and be aware of secondary effects of a WMD incident.
We need to understand this because one of the gravest threats facing Americans today is a terrorist detonating a nuclear bomb within our borders.
The United States wields enormous power of the traditional kind, but traditional power is less effective than it used to be. In today’s world, individuals anywhere on the planet connect instantly with one another and with information. Money is moved, transactions are made, information is shared, instructions are issued, and attacks are unleashed with a keystroke. Weapons of tremendous destructive capability can be developed or acquired by those without access to an industrial base or even an economic base of any kind, and those weapons can be used to kill thousands of people and disrupt vital financial, communications, and transportation systems, which are easy to attack and hard to defend. All these factors have made nation-states less powerful and more vulnerable relative to the terrorists, who have no national base to defend and who therefore cannot be deterred through traditional means. (World at Risk 2008, xxi)
Therefore, it is critical, able to ev ...
Justin BennettTerrorism is one of the six strategic risk that is.docxtawnyataylor528
Justin Bennett
Terrorism is one of the six strategic risk that is found in the 2014 Quadrennial Homeland Security Review. Ever since the catastrophic events that occurred on September 11, 2001, the entire outlook on terrorism has changed and the security of the nation is ever changing to fulfill terrorist tactics. According to the 2014 QHSR, the terrorist threat is evolving and remains significant as attack planning and operations become more decentralized (2014). On that note, United States critical infrastructure has always been a major target towards terrorism. It is essential that it is protected at all times. The nation’s critical infrastructure is extremely vital to the country. “Critical Infrastructure” is defined as “systems and assets, whether physical or virtual, so vital to the United States that the incapacity or destruction of such systems and assets would have a debilitating impact on the security, national economic security, national health or safety, or any combination of those matters (DHS 2013).If the terrorist threat is not handled properly at the national level, there will be severe consequences.
To begin with, the majority of critical infrastructure is owned by the private sector but it is the job of the federal, state, local, and private sectors to all collaborate to achieve the goal and remain resilient against terrorist activity. Terrorist activity has major impacts on the country in a general sense and an even greater impact against critical infrastructure. Some of the major consequences at the national level would include physical, psychological, economical issues within the country. The physical consequences would include the damage against the infrastructures that where struck and the innocent citizens who may of possibly been killed by the terrorist. Further, the psychological consequences would include those who were impacted by the terrorist attack ranging from the people who were actually at the scene, the family members of the attacked individuals, the critical infrastructure employees, the government officials dealing with the situation and many more. Moving on, economic consequences can impact the entire nation as well depending on the amount of physical damage done and which critical infrastructure was impacted. In addition, an attack one of the nation’s critical infrastructure assets can impact other critical infrastructure. For instance, if the Energy Sector is taken out, the Communications sector may have problems along with the Financial Sector because both of those sectors need the resources provided by the Energy Sector.
In my opinion, I believe the risk of terrorist attacks are being adequately addressed. The reason why I believe so is there hasn’t been a successful major terrorist attack as catastrophic as 9/11 since that day. Yes, there has been several lone wolf attacks that have succeeded but those are extremely hard to stop due to its unpredictability. Overall, the majority off attacks that hav ...
1Running head CYBERWARCYBER WAR9Outstanding title.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
1
Running head: CYBERWAR
CYBER WAR
9
Outstanding title page formatting
Cyber War
Name
University
Professor
04/28/2018
Introduction Cyber War
Cyber warfare refers to a computer or network-based conflict that disrupts the activities of a state or
organization by deliberate attacking critical infrastructures. Cyber attacks can also be described as an attack by hostile groups such as terrorist or hacker groups aimed, at furthering the goals of a given nation. To have a better understanding, cyber warfare can take different forms such as; viruses that can take down water supplies, military systems, transportation systems, hacking and theft of critical data from government and private institutions. This paper will focus on assessing various mechanism applied in different articles to counter cybersecurity and protect critical infrastructure. Further, by analyzing the results and experience in Xia, Becerra-Fernandez, Gudi, & Rocha-Mier (2011), the essay will also show how
the findings can be utilized in real life scenario.
1. What do the articles have in common?
According to Clemente (2011), the advancement of interconnection between different infrastructures sectors has boosted by the escalation of cyberspace. The author points out that the security
implications are inevitable especially in this era of cyberspace and infrastructure. The main idea in the article involves around the definition of ‘critical’ infrastructure to enable effective prioritization and protection of nodes and connection points. FEMA (2013
), points out that the United States well being relies upon secure critical infrastructure that forms American society. According to Saadawi, & Jordan
, (2011), there is need to establish an international cyber union that will help overcome cybersecurity challenges in securing cyberinfrastructure. This article considers the practical considerations that are associated with EINSTEIN 3 and how this can be used to ensure effective protection of critical infrastructure networks. Having evaluated the main argument of these articles, they all share the aspect of understanding cybersecurity and different ways ensuring infrastructure protection.
2. What are the differences in their assessment of cybersecurity and critical infrastructure protection?
The above articles portray some distinction in their evaluation of cyber war and protection of vital infrastructure. The first article by Clemente (2011), tries to examine how cybersecurity challenges can be overcome by understanding various components in society. The article offers more theoretical approaches to counterattack cybersecurity and protection of critical infrastructures. The second article by FEMA (2013
) is more detailed and comprehensive on the issue of cybersecurity and protection of critical infrastructures in the society. For instance, it offers a plan that will require a federal agency (SSA) to lead a coordinated process for vital infrastructure security within criti ...
Week Three– The Six Strategic ChallengesEvery four years, the De.docxphilipnelson29183
Week Three– The Six Strategic Challenges
Every four years, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is required by law to issue a review to the United States Congress. This review is a self-appraisal by DHS on the progress of its efforts in addressing those issues that threaten the nation. The 2014 review is the second such appraisal presented to the Congress (the first produced in 2010). These quadrennial assessments provide excellent insight concerning the progress this Federal entity feels has been made (or lack thereof) regarding our nation’s overall homeland security efforts. Of course, the underlying, determining factor regarding these reviews are the underlying threats and hazards that DHS believes the nation currently faces, as well as those that might present themselves in the near term. This week, we will be looking at the six challenges that DHS believes will determine the greatest risk factors to the nation over the next few years. Before delving into the specifics of this topic, it would be beneficial to first examine the current missions that have been established by Department of Homeland Security. These areas of focus determine how DHS, as an agency of the federal government, views risk. As listed in this Review these five basic homeland security missions are:
· The prevention of terrorism and the enhance of security
· The securing and managing of the nation’s borders
· The enforcement and administration of the nation’s immigration laws
· Safeguarding and securing cyberspace
· Strengthening national preparedness and resilience (2014, p. 6-8)
As has been stressed a number of times thus far, our nation’s homeland security efforts require more than just the federal government can offer, but state and local governments have their roles, as does the private sector and the public at large. Granted, DHS has a uniquely federal and national view. From this position, DHS is charged with unique responsibilities, has assets available at its disposal not commonly available to other levels of government. However, DHS has the latitude to use some of these assets to assist other levels of government as well. In addition, DHS engages in threat and hazard assessments dealing with the entirety of national interests. While these interests bear directly upon all American communities, each locale will have its own, more narrowed view and perspective regarding those issues of immediate concern. Conversely, as would be expected (and justifiably so), they are less concerned about others.
In addition to the five missions noted earlier, the department has identified six “prevailing challenges that pose the most strategically significant risk” (DHS, 2014, p. 28). In studying these challenges, one can easily see a direct correlation between them and these missions. So as we contemplate these challenges in this week’s discussion and written assignments, remember to consider them from the perspective of the entire homeland security enterprise. .
Reply to post 1 & 2 with 150 words eachPost 1It isnt so mfelipaser7p
Reply to post 1 & 2 with 150 words each
Post 1
It isn't so much what role the private sector plays in the determination of risks related to the challenges at the local level. It becomes more of what isn't the private sector doing and why aren't they contributing resources to Homeland Security. The private sector continually dedicates resources, funding, and personnel in support of Homeland Security and the operations associated with the partnership. "Within homeland security, there are five partnership archetypes that encompass the types of relationships we share with the private sector" (Department of Homeland Security, 2014, p. 61). These partnership archetypes allow Homeland Security and private sector organizations to utilize such models when challenges, roles, and responsibilities are defined. When challenges, roles, and responsibilities are not defined the problem increases, therefore the flexibility of the models can occur to achieve the desire outcome. The archetypes contribute to the private sector in the determination of risks related to the six challenges associated with Homeland Security. This is because the models can be applied to any situation or involvement between the two at the local level. When a model isn't achievable, the method or intertwining or conjoint models helps achieve in determination.
A specific example of how a privately owned or operated companies and business add or reduce risk in one of the six strategic challenge areas is the Air Cargo Advance Screening (ACAS) Program. This program correlates to the terrorism strategic challenge because it requires the partnership between the federal industry and the airline industry. This requires airline industries to submit documentation of air cargo in advance regarding shipments arriving to the U.S. from foreign locations. Granted this was originally a voluntary process that airlines already participated in, however, in June 2018 it become a requirement. "This is a necessary measure as the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) continues to raise the baseline on aviation security worldwide" (Department of Homeland Security, 2018, p. 1). It is a practical application in mitigating future terrorism because it requires airlines to submit the documentation of air cargo at the earliest possibility before the cargo is loaded on the plane that it's being transported to the U.S. This program aids in the reduction and helps reduce terrorism because terrorism will employ any means necessary to send and receive the necessary tools and equipment to commit terrorist acts against U.S.
Post 2
As I continue to read and learn about the Quadrennial homeland security review, the more I realize how important and informative of a document it is regarding threats to the US. Hopefully, the 2018 version is released soon so we can see how threats change and evolve. As it relates to threats and hazards to the US and critical infrastructure, the private sector and public collaborate ofte ...
Reply to post 1 & 2 with 150 words eachPost 1There is a felipaser7p
Reply to post 1 & 2 with 150 words each
Post 1
There is a direct relationship between the concepts of risk, threats, and consequences as they relate to homeland security. From a strategic perspective, the concept of identifying threats and managing risk weighs heavily on the decision to act thereby resulting in consequences of those decisions that could prove to cause significant harm to the United States (CPG 201, 2018, p.7). Aside from being one of the National Preparedness System components, Identifying and managing risk is the principal method of understanding the specific hazards and threats communities across the country face. From catastrophic tornadoes in the Oklahoma to devastating wildfires in California, each state is vulnerable and at significant risk of various threats to thier population and infrastructure.
As outlined under Presidential Policy Directive-8 (PPD-8), the National Preparedness Goal defines our nation’s ability to recover from catastrophic incidents and equip communities with capabilities to prevent, protect, mitigate, respond to, and recover from threats and hazards that pose significant risk. The National Preparedness Goal outlines 32 core capabilities organized into five mission areas of: Prevention, Protection, Mitigation, Response and Recovery. Capabilities such as; Planning, Information Sharing, Economic Recovery, and Risk and Disaster Resilience all contribute to protecting our nation’s citizens and assets against threats that pose the greatest risk through reducing the physical, emotional and psychological effects following a catastrophic incident (FEMA.gov, 2015, p.1-6).
At the state, local, territorial, and tribal-levels of government, protection of life and property is at the forefront to creating resilient communities. By performing thorough hazard assessment and analyzing risk, emergency managers advise state and local governments on the threats posed to thier communities that include critical infrastructure elements. By implementing structural and non-structural mitigation measures to threats that may be natural, man-made or technological, key decision makers at all levels of government are not only strengthening thier cities and towns, but also hardening our national infrastructure making it less susceptible to compromise.
Post 2
Insightful lesson and forum topic to get us started off in the course. Risk, threat, vulnerability, and consequence tie directly into each other and serve as the basic framework and formula to identify threats or hazards to our country. The basic framework supports the core homeland security missions - These missions include preventing terrorism, securing the borders, enforcing immigration laws, safeguard cyberspace, and strengthen national preparedness and resilience (DHS, 2014). The enduring missions are structured around the National Security Strategy which outlines how to better posture the US for current and future threats. There is inherent risk with almost ...
Title United States. The National Strategy for Homeland Security .docxjuliennehar
Title: United States. The National Strategy for Homeland Security - Protecting Critical Infrastructures and Key Assets
PROTECTING CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES AND KEY ASSETS
Terrorists are opportunistic. They exploit vulnerabilities we leave exposed, choosing the time, place, and method of attack according to the weaknesses they observe or perceive. Increasing the security of a particular type of target, such as aircraft or buildings, makes it more likely that terrorists will seek a different target. Increasing the countermeasures to a particular terrorist tactic, such as hijacking, makes it more likely that terrorists will favor a different tactic.
Protecting America's critical infrastructure and key assets is thus a formidable challenge. Our open and technologically complex society presents an almost infinite array of potential targets, and our critical infrastructure changes as rapidly as the marketplace. It is impossible to protect completely all targets, all the time. On the other hand, we can help deter or deflect attacks, or mitigate their effects, by making strategic improvements in protection and security. Thus, while we cannot assume we will prevent all terrorist attacks, we can substantially reduce America's vulnerability, particularly to the most damaging attacks.
All elements of our society have a crucial stake in reducing our vulnerability to terrorism; and all have highly valuable roles to play. Protecting America's critical infrastructure and key assets requires an unprecedented level of cooperation throughout all levels of government-with private industry and institutions, and with the American people. The federal government has the crucial task of fostering a collaborative environment, and enabling all of these entities to work together to provide America the security it requires.
What must we protect? The USA PATRIOT Act defines critical infrastructure as those "systems and assets, whether physical or virtual, so vital to the United States that the incapacity or destruction of such systems and assets would have a debilitating impact on security, national economic security, national public health or safety, or any combination of those matters." Our critical infrastructures are particularly important because of the functions or services they provide to our country. Our critical infrastructures are also particularly important because they are complex systems: the effects of a terrorist attack can spread far beyond the direct target, and reverberate long after the immediate damage.
America's critical infrastructure encompasses a large number of sectors. Our agriculture, food, and water sectors, along with the public health and emergency services sectors, provide the essential goods and services Americans need to survive. Our institutions of government guarantee our national security and freedom, and administer key public functions. Our defense industrial base provides essential capabilities to help safeguard ...
CRJ Module 8 OverviewTerrorism and the Future of Emergency Manag.docxfaithxdunce63732
CRJ Module 8 Overview
Terrorism and the Future of Emergency Management
The September 11th (9/11) and the October 2001 Anthrax attacks together prompted dramatic changes in U.S. emergency management and have been the impetus for a reexamination of the nation’s emergency management system, its priorities, funding and practices. These changes are ongoing and will continue for the foreseeable future. In this module, you will learn how the government's hazard focus has been affected by the changing risk of terrorism. The events of September 11, 2001, the consequences of those events, and how the government responded will be discussed. You will also learn about the Department of Homeland Security along with its components and its role in emergency management.
In addition, you will investigate how the U.S. government communicates terrorist threat information to the public. You will outline how Hurricane Katrina affected terrorism preparedness and response. Lastly, the possibilities the future holds for emergency management and how the profession may be improved in the near future will be discussed and analyzed.
Learning Objectives
Upon completion of this module, you should be able to:
8I
Explain how the federal government funds first responders.
8J
Understand how the Department of Homeland Security was formed, its components, its role in the emergency management and counterterrorism efforts, and its accomplishments.
10C
Explain how the government's hazard focus has been affected by the changing risk of terrorism.
10D
Discuss the events of September 11, 2001, the consequences of those events, and how the government responded.
10E
Summarize how the U.S. government communicates terrorist threat information to the public.
10F
Understand why the 9/11 Commission was formed and what was found as a result of its investigation.
10G
Explain how state and local governments manage the risk of terrorism.
10H
Outline how Hurricane Katrina affected terrorism preparedness and response.
11A
Understand how the past has impacted emergency management as it exists today.
11B
Discuss the possibilities the future holds for emergency management, and how the profession may be improved in the near future.
Module 8 Reading Assignment
Haddow, G., Bullock, J., & Coppola, D. (2011). Introduction to emergency management. Burlington: Elsevier. Chapters 9 and 10.
Emergency Management and the New Terrorist Threat
The September 11th (9/11) and the October 2001 Anthrax attacks together prompted dramatic changes in U.S. emergency management, and have been the impetus for a reexamination of the nation’s emergency management system, its priorities, funding, and practices. These changes are ongoing and will continue for the foreseeable future. Prior to 9/11, the Nunn-Lugar legislation provided the primary authority for domestic Federal preparedness activities for terrorism. FEMA, DOJ, HHS, DOD, and the National Guard all jockeyed for leadership on terrorism. Attempts a.
Module 3 OverviewMitigation and PreparednessThe discipline of .docxannandleola
Module 3 Overview
Mitigation and Preparedness
The discipline of mitigation provides the means for reducing disaster impacts. Mitigation is defined as a sustained action to reduce or eliminate risk to people and property from hazards and their effects. Preparedness within the field of emergency management can be defined not only as a state of readiness to respond to a disaster, crisis or any other type of emergency situation, but also a theme throughout most aspects of emergency management. In this module, you will describe the variety of mitigation tools available to planners. You will understand the impediments to mitigation and other associated problems that exist. You will explain how the Federal Government and other agencies and organizations support mitigation. Different mitigation measures that are performed to address actual disaster risk will be addressed.
In addition, you will understand why preparedness is considered the “building block” of emergency management. The differences that exist between hazard mitigation and disaster preparedness will be discussed. Evaluation planning is important and will be focused upon in this module. The different emergency management exercise types will be identified. Training and equipment for first responders will be described. Lastly, you will learn how businesses and nongovernmental organizations prepare for emergencies.
Learning Objectives
Upon completion of this module, you should be able to:
4A
Explain why preparedness is considered the "building block" of emergency management.
6A
Explain why evacuation planning is important, and why special consideration must be made when planning for the disaster-related needs of certain vulnerable populations.
8A
Explain how the Federal Government and other agencies and organizations support mitigation.
3B
Describe the variety of mitigation tools available to planners.
4B
Describe how training and equipment helps first responders to prepare.
5B
Discuss the differences that exist between hazard mitigation and disaster preparedness.
10B
Describe the different emergency management exercise types and explain what each involves.
3C
Understand the impediments to mitigation and other associated problems that exist.
5C
Explain how businesses and nongovernmental organizations prepare for emergencies.
3D
Identify different mitigation measures performed to address actual disaster risk.
Module 3 Reading Assignment
Haddow, G., Bullock, J., & Coppola, D. (2011). Introduction to emergency management. Burlington: Elsevier. Chapters 3 and 4.
The Disciplines of Emergency Management: Mitigation
The discipline of mitigation provides the means for reducing disaster impacts. Mitigation is defined as a sustained action to reduce or eliminate risk to people and property from hazards and their effects. The body of knowledge and applications in the area of mitigation are still evolving, but many successes have been achieved. Additionally, many of the successfu ...
Critical InfrastructuresThe U.S. Department of Homeland Security h.docxwillcoxjanay
Critical Infrastructures
The U.S. Department of Homeland Security has identified what is determined to be critical infrastructure assets that are designated as potentially being of terrorist interest. Although the final responsibility and mission for protecting those assets and sectors of each remains with the DHS, the initial accountability rests with local ownership and authorities.
The DHS has formulated a National Infrastructure Protection Plan to explain and describe the national responsibility. A very significant majority of the infrastructure elements are under private or corporate ownership and maintenance and must share the bulk of responsibility for protection and security under their own mission plans for security.
Assignment Guidelines
Address the following in 3–4 pages:
What is the National Infrastructure Protection Plan (NIPP)?
When was it created?
Who created it?
Why was it created? Explain.
How important is the private sector with regard to critical infrastructure protection? Why?
What types of strategies can be used for critical infrastructure protection (CIP)?
What strengths currently exist in the United States with regard to CIP? Explain.
What weaknesses still need to be addressed? Why?
How can federal agencies effectively cooperate with private sector organizations? Explain.
What types of information should be disseminated to private sector organizations that are responsible for key assets? Explain.
What types of information, if any, should be withheld from the private sector? Why?
ASSIGNMENT DUE TONIGHT 10/20/13 BY 12 CLOCK
.
Explain how the concept of whole community is used at the local le.docxSANSKAR20
Explain how the concept of whole community is used at the local level of government to mitigate against risk.
Instructions: Fully utilize the materials that have been provided to you in order to support your response. Your initial post should be at least 350 words. APA format, use ctations.
Lesson
Week Two – The National Preparedness System
In March of 2011, the executive branch of the federal government issued Presidential Policy Directive (PPD) 8. This directive described how the nation will prepare for those threats and hazards that constitute the greatest risk to national security. PPD 8 was followed in the fall of that same year with the publication of the National Preparedness Goal (which was updated in 2015), and then a month later with the National Preparedness System (NPS). Similar to the term “risk” that was focused upon in our first lesson, “prepare” or “preparedness” are key terms as well as it relates to the underlying principles of this entire course. In order to properly examine the National Preparedness System, these terms as used within the context of the NPS must be understood.
As previously noted, we directed attention upon the notion of risk last week. We should remain cognizant that risk refers to the overall consequences represented by various types of threats and hazards. The analysis of risk rests within an all-hazards system and approach, wherein all dangers to a community are examined. In addition, these dangers are prioritized, not on preconceived notions of importance, but upon the actual, detrimental impact they have on a community. Acts of terrorism and of other man-made incidents of violence must be considered alongside natural and technological hazards as well; prioritized in a manner where preparedness and mitigation efforts can be appropriately discussed, formulated, and implemented. In essence, through its various components, the National Preparedness System offers a very consistent and dependable methodology that can be applied to a host of activities; those that range from aiding the decision making process to identifying and allocating resources (DHS, 2011).
So just as the NPS requires us to take a broad view of those elements that determine risk, it similarly requires us to take a wide-ranging view of preparedness as well. In essence, preparedness refers to a community’s ability to respond immediately to a disastrous event (remember, disaster events range from acts of terrorism to industrial accidents to natural disasters). Preparedness also refers to the community’s ability to recover from the event; and preparedness refers to all of those actions taken by the community to either prevent the event, or to mitigate the consequences of that event.
Within the National Preparedness System, the National Preparedness Goal (2015) defines the system’s measure of success as “A secure and resilient nation with capabilities required across the whole community to prevent, protect against, mitigate, respon ...
Education Please respond to the following· Based on the lectu.docxSALU18
"Education" Please respond to the following:
· Based on the lecture and Webtext materials, address the following:
. Outline the most significant obstacles to obtaining an education in developing countries. Suggest at least two (2) reasons why education should be a priority in the developing world. Next, propose significant overall strategies - aside from building more schools - that those in leadership positions in developing countries may use in order to help their people escape poverty through education.
Please also reply to the student
Rachael Brown
RE: Week 6 Discussion 1
The most significant obstacle to obtaining an education in developing countries is funding. Money is needed to fund the education system so they can bring in skilled teachers to educate the students in the classroom. If money is a problem then it will be hard to find teachers, then it will be hard for students to find a job if they do not finish their education. Providing funding to school systems in developing countries should take priority because this affects our future children of the world. If our children are educated, then they are more likely to find a decent paying job. Another reason this should take priority is because it allows the developing countries to grow economically. If there is proper funding for the education system, then this could allow for better job opportunities that could benefit the developing country in the long run.
Week 6 Discussion 2
"Preparing for Emergencies" Please respond to the following:
· Read the scenario below. Use the Internet to research the various grant opportunities for outfitting emergency response units. Then, select two (2) funds that you would apply for based on the scenario. Provide a rationale for your selection.
Imagine that you are the director of homeland security for a state where several high-risk terrorism targets are located. There is a high probability of hazardous material incidents and you have identified credible threats associated with the emerging sovereign citizens’ movement. Your state agency is well prepared by having response units in place. However, you don’t have the funds to properly outfit all possible response units for each of the possible threats. Your agency is eligible to receive federal grant funds and you have been tasked with researching and writing the grant proposal.
· Over the last few years, potential pandemics have gained increased attention among law enforcement professionals at both the state and local levels. As the top law enforcement official in your community, develop a reaction plan, which contains the first three (3) main procedures to maintain public orders if a pandemic occurred. Provide a rationale for your response.
Please also reply to the student
Sergio Garcia
RE: Week 6 Discussion 2
Well the two grants I found that would help all law enforcement agencies for the state would be what are known as the (SCOMF) and (SVNG) mobile forensic grants. Basi ...
Running head THE NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION PLAN1.docxtodd521
Running head: THE NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION PLAN
1
THE NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION PLAN
2
THE NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION PLAN
Ulugbek Rakhmatullaev
Professor Dr. Mark O. Afolabi
Strayer University
CIS 502
Week 3 Case Study Phase 1
07/22/2018
National Infrastructure Protection Plan
To: The chief information officer
From: The chief information security director
Date: 30-07-2018
Subject: The national infrastructure protection plan
As the chief information systems director, I would like to explain to you my plan for infrastructure protection. NIPP offers a structure for binding together the compromise of the current and future attempts to protect the CIKR and the procedures of adaptability into a lone countrywide program of fulfilling the goal (Hall et al., 2014). The NIPP structure tends to care for the insurance rankings and the exercises of versatility along with the hypothesis transverse over parts with the aim of identifying the private and organization division within which the resources are connected.
They tend to provide favorable positions to direct risks by cutting on the vulnerabilities, limiting the dead monger attack results and other trademark and engineered disasters as well as avoiding chances. The NIPP provides a structure that tends to embody adaptable strategies arrangement as well as the instruments which are used by the CIKR colleagues in making and understanding the programs across the nation to ensure beyond reasonable doubt that the CIKR finishes all parts over the widened term (Alcaraz & Zeadally, 2015).
There is a necessary supplement plan which is divergent by the NIPP with the aim of maintaining a strategic distance from secure against, design for, react to and recover after the mental assaults which are the aggressor, natural disaster as well as various emergencies. National security designs as well as systems at the neighborhood, federal, nevertheless provincial levels of firms address CIKR secret their purviews confirmation (Harrop & Matteson, 2015). Therefore, the proprietors and heads of the CIKR have given responses to the elongated risk settings by creating CIKR protection extent associated plans as well as a venture, rationality checking of the business and creating response measures. NIPP execution is encouraged among the assistants of CIKR to make sure that it does not achieve the duplicative or extravagant risks arrangements of the organization's supplies which are known for propositioning little CIKR insurance's change.
The evaluation of risk incorporates helplessness, hazard, and result information compromise. The organization of risk integrates picking the protective measures to use in light of a peril reduction system which is settled upon. Most of the insight makes methods or models by which vulnerabilities, dangers, and risk organize and thereafter utilized in educating the assignment while co.
The U.S. Department of Homeland Security has identified what is dete.docxwsusan1
The U.S. Department of Homeland Security has identified what is determined to be critical infrastructure assets that are designated as potentially being of terrorist interest. Although the final responsibility and mission for protecting those assets and sectors of each remains with the DHS, the initial accountability rests with local ownership and authorities.
The DHS has formulated a National Infrastructure Protection Plan to explain and describe the national responsibility. A very significant majority of the infrastructure elements are under private or corporate ownership and maintenance and must share the bulk of responsibility for protection and security under their own mission plans for security.
Assignment Guidelines
Address the following in 3–4 pages:
What is the National Infrastructure Protection Plan (NIPP)?
When was it created?
Who created it?
Why was it created? Explain.
How important is the private sector with regard to critical infrastructure protection? Why?
What types of strategies can be used for critical infrastructure protection (CIP)?
What strengths currently exist in the United States with regard to CIP? Explain.
What weaknesses still need to be addressed? Why?
How can federal agencies effectively cooperate with private sector organizations? Explain.
What types of information should be disseminated to private sector organizations that are responsible for key assets? Explain.
What types of information, if any, should be withheld from the private sector? Why?
.
250 words agree or disagree In the last several decades, peo.docxvickeryr87
250 words agree or disagree
In the last several decades, people motivated by different ideological beliefs and individual factors have engaged in horrifying acts of mass violence aimed at targeting innocent civilians across the country. Unfortunately, these attacks have increased in frequency and lethality. This new reality has challenged law enforcement agencies to ensure their training, tactics, and operational procedures evolve effectively in order to confront offenders who kill and seriously injure defenseless civilians at nightclubs, schools, movie theaters, churches, iconic sporting events, conference rooms and mobile active shootings throughout a community. In response to 9/11, local law enforcement agencies, particularly those within large counties, and state agencies undertook a number of steps: increasing the number of personnel engaged in emergency response planning; updating response plans for chemical, biological, or radiological attacks and, to a lesser extent, mutual aid agreements; and reallocating internal resources or increasing departmental spending to focus on terrorism preparedness (United States, 2015). Perceived risk is an important predictor of agencies taking steps to improve their level of preparedness. Specifically, law enforcement agencies that perceived the risk of future terrorist attacks in their jurisdictions to be higher are more likely to undertake steps to improve their preparedness. Although the size of a jurisdiction and the level of perceived risk are predictive of law enforcement’s undertaking preparedness activities, level of risk is a better predictor of receipt of funding. Law enforcement agencies vary substantially in their approach to preparedness and in their support needs. In addition, perceived risk is predictive of agencies taking steps to improve their preparedness, regardless of county size. This suggests that future programmatic support at the federal, state, and local levels will need to be tailored to account for these differences, and that any effort to model or develop objective measures of overall U.S. preparedness will also need to account for differences in risk levels.
The collection of intelligence within the United States is obviously a critical component of the federal government’s efforts in the war against terrorism. The first step in disrupting terrorist plots and preventing terrorist attacks is obtaining information about the operations of terrorist groups and the activities of individual terrorists, both inside and outside of our nation’s borders. Intelligence collection, however, is only the first step in combating terrorism. A piece of information is like a piece of a puzzle. Oftentimes, only when a piece of information is combined with many other pieces of information does the big picture emerge. Moreover, possessing information without more does not stop terrorism; rather, information must lead to action. This is why it is critical not only that intelligence on terror.
Department of Homeland Security- When it comes to CIKR (Critical Infra.docxcliftonl1
Department of Homeland Security:
When it comes to CIKR (Critical Infrastucture and Key Resources) protection, public and private security concerns often differ. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? What are the differences? Please support your opinion with real-world examples.
Solution
when it comes under CIKR:critical infrastructure and key resources protection then both the publicas well as private sector must be united to solve the problems created by terrorists.
they have to maintain cordination cooperation and any suggestions to the any level of the government officials to run smoothly.the cooperation between these two sectors security is the central key factor that gives the success.
tripwire is webportal that is mainly inteded for private people security. it predicts the threats,analyses,and give corresponding actions to prevent it.
National Infrastructure Protection Plan (NIPP) carried out the plans including various all local bodies and various departments in order to protect the people of america.
terrorist attacks or natural calamaties all comes under CIKR . so in all these perspectives the cordination and coperation is very essential to get rid out from the problems.
.
Please read the description of the Religion ethnography carefully an.docxSusanaFurman449
Please read the description of the Religion ethnography carefully and then ask me in class to explain anything that isn't clear. You can also email me with questions.
At the end there is a short list of possible sites for the ethnography: Sikh, Islamic, Jewish, Catholic, Hindu, Buddhist. Shumei. There are other religions and many other sites. Bahai is an interesting religion but you have to be invited to attend by a member.
Mormon the same.
If you have access to a Santeria or similar ceremony, great!
To make the project worthwhile choose a site as different from your own background as you can.
If you have a Christian or Catholic background do not do your paper on any kind of Christian or Catholic service.
You are welcome to attend a non-English language service as long as you understand the language being used.
Be sure to okay your choice with me. Some places that don’t work for this project are Scientology, the Self Realization Fellowship, the Kabbalah Center, SGI Buddhist, Hare Krishna.
INSTRUCTIONS:
Attend a religious activity that you’re curious about and would like to explore.
You must attend a service, not simply visit a religious site.
Examples: a mosque, temple, synagogue, gurdwara.
You can probably find an interesting place of worship near where you live or work.
It’s always a good idea to phone or email the place of worship before you attend.
Research methods must include participant/observation and informal conversation. One slightly more formal interview is desirable.
Be absolutely sure to allow time to stay after the service for food, lunch, other refreshment, or informal gathering. This may well be the most important part of your experience and will enable you to answer the question, “What meaning does this place and this service have for the participants?
You must go some place you’ve never been to before. Do NOT choose your own tradition or somewhere you’re even a bit familiar with. Choose somewhere entirely new and different.
The important thing is to come to the service as an outsider, with the eyes and ears of an anthropologist and take note of everything. Use the skills you’ve learned in this class.
You can attend alone or with a co-researcher or two from the class. Best, you can be the guest(s) of a classmate or someone else you know and discuss the event with them. Invite a classmate or two to attend a service from your tradition.
Do not write about an event you attended in the past. But you can use past experiences for comparison and reflection.
It is almost never appropriate to jot down notes during a religious service. Better, write everything you remember immediately after the event. Get sufficient detail to write what anthropologist Clifford Geertz called “thick”, or rich description.
In writing your paper use terms we've discussed in class and think about connections to the reading we’ve done and films we’ve seen.
OUTLINE
: Include each of these sections.
Title Page,
or top of page: .
PLEASE read the question carefully. The creation of teen ido.docxSusanaFurman449
PLEASE read the question carefully.
The creation of “teen idols” is a tradition that stems back to Tin Pan Alley and the “old guard” way of making music. What were some of the factors that led to this point in the early 60’s? Is it still prevalent? If so, why? Name some examples.
.
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Justin Bennett
Terrorism is one of the six strategic risk that is found in the 2014 Quadrennial Homeland Security Review. Ever since the catastrophic events that occurred on September 11, 2001, the entire outlook on terrorism has changed and the security of the nation is ever changing to fulfill terrorist tactics. According to the 2014 QHSR, the terrorist threat is evolving and remains significant as attack planning and operations become more decentralized (2014). On that note, United States critical infrastructure has always been a major target towards terrorism. It is essential that it is protected at all times. The nation’s critical infrastructure is extremely vital to the country. “Critical Infrastructure” is defined as “systems and assets, whether physical or virtual, so vital to the United States that the incapacity or destruction of such systems and assets would have a debilitating impact on the security, national economic security, national health or safety, or any combination of those matters (DHS 2013).If the terrorist threat is not handled properly at the national level, there will be severe consequences.
To begin with, the majority of critical infrastructure is owned by the private sector but it is the job of the federal, state, local, and private sectors to all collaborate to achieve the goal and remain resilient against terrorist activity. Terrorist activity has major impacts on the country in a general sense and an even greater impact against critical infrastructure. Some of the major consequences at the national level would include physical, psychological, economical issues within the country. The physical consequences would include the damage against the infrastructures that where struck and the innocent citizens who may of possibly been killed by the terrorist. Further, the psychological consequences would include those who were impacted by the terrorist attack ranging from the people who were actually at the scene, the family members of the attacked individuals, the critical infrastructure employees, the government officials dealing with the situation and many more. Moving on, economic consequences can impact the entire nation as well depending on the amount of physical damage done and which critical infrastructure was impacted. In addition, an attack one of the nation’s critical infrastructure assets can impact other critical infrastructure. For instance, if the Energy Sector is taken out, the Communications sector may have problems along with the Financial Sector because both of those sectors need the resources provided by the Energy Sector.
In my opinion, I believe the risk of terrorist attacks are being adequately addressed. The reason why I believe so is there hasn’t been a successful major terrorist attack as catastrophic as 9/11 since that day. Yes, there has been several lone wolf attacks that have succeeded but those are extremely hard to stop due to its unpredictability. Overall, the majority off attacks that hav ...
1Running head CYBERWARCYBER WAR9Outstanding title.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
1
Running head: CYBERWAR
CYBER WAR
9
Outstanding title page formatting
Cyber War
Name
University
Professor
04/28/2018
Introduction Cyber War
Cyber warfare refers to a computer or network-based conflict that disrupts the activities of a state or
organization by deliberate attacking critical infrastructures. Cyber attacks can also be described as an attack by hostile groups such as terrorist or hacker groups aimed, at furthering the goals of a given nation. To have a better understanding, cyber warfare can take different forms such as; viruses that can take down water supplies, military systems, transportation systems, hacking and theft of critical data from government and private institutions. This paper will focus on assessing various mechanism applied in different articles to counter cybersecurity and protect critical infrastructure. Further, by analyzing the results and experience in Xia, Becerra-Fernandez, Gudi, & Rocha-Mier (2011), the essay will also show how
the findings can be utilized in real life scenario.
1. What do the articles have in common?
According to Clemente (2011), the advancement of interconnection between different infrastructures sectors has boosted by the escalation of cyberspace. The author points out that the security
implications are inevitable especially in this era of cyberspace and infrastructure. The main idea in the article involves around the definition of ‘critical’ infrastructure to enable effective prioritization and protection of nodes and connection points. FEMA (2013
), points out that the United States well being relies upon secure critical infrastructure that forms American society. According to Saadawi, & Jordan
, (2011), there is need to establish an international cyber union that will help overcome cybersecurity challenges in securing cyberinfrastructure. This article considers the practical considerations that are associated with EINSTEIN 3 and how this can be used to ensure effective protection of critical infrastructure networks. Having evaluated the main argument of these articles, they all share the aspect of understanding cybersecurity and different ways ensuring infrastructure protection.
2. What are the differences in their assessment of cybersecurity and critical infrastructure protection?
The above articles portray some distinction in their evaluation of cyber war and protection of vital infrastructure. The first article by Clemente (2011), tries to examine how cybersecurity challenges can be overcome by understanding various components in society. The article offers more theoretical approaches to counterattack cybersecurity and protection of critical infrastructures. The second article by FEMA (2013
) is more detailed and comprehensive on the issue of cybersecurity and protection of critical infrastructures in the society. For instance, it offers a plan that will require a federal agency (SSA) to lead a coordinated process for vital infrastructure security within criti ...
Week Three– The Six Strategic ChallengesEvery four years, the De.docxphilipnelson29183
Week Three– The Six Strategic Challenges
Every four years, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is required by law to issue a review to the United States Congress. This review is a self-appraisal by DHS on the progress of its efforts in addressing those issues that threaten the nation. The 2014 review is the second such appraisal presented to the Congress (the first produced in 2010). These quadrennial assessments provide excellent insight concerning the progress this Federal entity feels has been made (or lack thereof) regarding our nation’s overall homeland security efforts. Of course, the underlying, determining factor regarding these reviews are the underlying threats and hazards that DHS believes the nation currently faces, as well as those that might present themselves in the near term. This week, we will be looking at the six challenges that DHS believes will determine the greatest risk factors to the nation over the next few years. Before delving into the specifics of this topic, it would be beneficial to first examine the current missions that have been established by Department of Homeland Security. These areas of focus determine how DHS, as an agency of the federal government, views risk. As listed in this Review these five basic homeland security missions are:
· The prevention of terrorism and the enhance of security
· The securing and managing of the nation’s borders
· The enforcement and administration of the nation’s immigration laws
· Safeguarding and securing cyberspace
· Strengthening national preparedness and resilience (2014, p. 6-8)
As has been stressed a number of times thus far, our nation’s homeland security efforts require more than just the federal government can offer, but state and local governments have their roles, as does the private sector and the public at large. Granted, DHS has a uniquely federal and national view. From this position, DHS is charged with unique responsibilities, has assets available at its disposal not commonly available to other levels of government. However, DHS has the latitude to use some of these assets to assist other levels of government as well. In addition, DHS engages in threat and hazard assessments dealing with the entirety of national interests. While these interests bear directly upon all American communities, each locale will have its own, more narrowed view and perspective regarding those issues of immediate concern. Conversely, as would be expected (and justifiably so), they are less concerned about others.
In addition to the five missions noted earlier, the department has identified six “prevailing challenges that pose the most strategically significant risk” (DHS, 2014, p. 28). In studying these challenges, one can easily see a direct correlation between them and these missions. So as we contemplate these challenges in this week’s discussion and written assignments, remember to consider them from the perspective of the entire homeland security enterprise. .
Reply to post 1 & 2 with 150 words eachPost 1It isnt so mfelipaser7p
Reply to post 1 & 2 with 150 words each
Post 1
It isn't so much what role the private sector plays in the determination of risks related to the challenges at the local level. It becomes more of what isn't the private sector doing and why aren't they contributing resources to Homeland Security. The private sector continually dedicates resources, funding, and personnel in support of Homeland Security and the operations associated with the partnership. "Within homeland security, there are five partnership archetypes that encompass the types of relationships we share with the private sector" (Department of Homeland Security, 2014, p. 61). These partnership archetypes allow Homeland Security and private sector organizations to utilize such models when challenges, roles, and responsibilities are defined. When challenges, roles, and responsibilities are not defined the problem increases, therefore the flexibility of the models can occur to achieve the desire outcome. The archetypes contribute to the private sector in the determination of risks related to the six challenges associated with Homeland Security. This is because the models can be applied to any situation or involvement between the two at the local level. When a model isn't achievable, the method or intertwining or conjoint models helps achieve in determination.
A specific example of how a privately owned or operated companies and business add or reduce risk in one of the six strategic challenge areas is the Air Cargo Advance Screening (ACAS) Program. This program correlates to the terrorism strategic challenge because it requires the partnership between the federal industry and the airline industry. This requires airline industries to submit documentation of air cargo in advance regarding shipments arriving to the U.S. from foreign locations. Granted this was originally a voluntary process that airlines already participated in, however, in June 2018 it become a requirement. "This is a necessary measure as the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) continues to raise the baseline on aviation security worldwide" (Department of Homeland Security, 2018, p. 1). It is a practical application in mitigating future terrorism because it requires airlines to submit the documentation of air cargo at the earliest possibility before the cargo is loaded on the plane that it's being transported to the U.S. This program aids in the reduction and helps reduce terrorism because terrorism will employ any means necessary to send and receive the necessary tools and equipment to commit terrorist acts against U.S.
Post 2
As I continue to read and learn about the Quadrennial homeland security review, the more I realize how important and informative of a document it is regarding threats to the US. Hopefully, the 2018 version is released soon so we can see how threats change and evolve. As it relates to threats and hazards to the US and critical infrastructure, the private sector and public collaborate ofte ...
Reply to post 1 & 2 with 150 words eachPost 1There is a felipaser7p
Reply to post 1 & 2 with 150 words each
Post 1
There is a direct relationship between the concepts of risk, threats, and consequences as they relate to homeland security. From a strategic perspective, the concept of identifying threats and managing risk weighs heavily on the decision to act thereby resulting in consequences of those decisions that could prove to cause significant harm to the United States (CPG 201, 2018, p.7). Aside from being one of the National Preparedness System components, Identifying and managing risk is the principal method of understanding the specific hazards and threats communities across the country face. From catastrophic tornadoes in the Oklahoma to devastating wildfires in California, each state is vulnerable and at significant risk of various threats to thier population and infrastructure.
As outlined under Presidential Policy Directive-8 (PPD-8), the National Preparedness Goal defines our nation’s ability to recover from catastrophic incidents and equip communities with capabilities to prevent, protect, mitigate, respond to, and recover from threats and hazards that pose significant risk. The National Preparedness Goal outlines 32 core capabilities organized into five mission areas of: Prevention, Protection, Mitigation, Response and Recovery. Capabilities such as; Planning, Information Sharing, Economic Recovery, and Risk and Disaster Resilience all contribute to protecting our nation’s citizens and assets against threats that pose the greatest risk through reducing the physical, emotional and psychological effects following a catastrophic incident (FEMA.gov, 2015, p.1-6).
At the state, local, territorial, and tribal-levels of government, protection of life and property is at the forefront to creating resilient communities. By performing thorough hazard assessment and analyzing risk, emergency managers advise state and local governments on the threats posed to thier communities that include critical infrastructure elements. By implementing structural and non-structural mitigation measures to threats that may be natural, man-made or technological, key decision makers at all levels of government are not only strengthening thier cities and towns, but also hardening our national infrastructure making it less susceptible to compromise.
Post 2
Insightful lesson and forum topic to get us started off in the course. Risk, threat, vulnerability, and consequence tie directly into each other and serve as the basic framework and formula to identify threats or hazards to our country. The basic framework supports the core homeland security missions - These missions include preventing terrorism, securing the borders, enforcing immigration laws, safeguard cyberspace, and strengthen national preparedness and resilience (DHS, 2014). The enduring missions are structured around the National Security Strategy which outlines how to better posture the US for current and future threats. There is inherent risk with almost ...
Title United States. The National Strategy for Homeland Security .docxjuliennehar
Title: United States. The National Strategy for Homeland Security - Protecting Critical Infrastructures and Key Assets
PROTECTING CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES AND KEY ASSETS
Terrorists are opportunistic. They exploit vulnerabilities we leave exposed, choosing the time, place, and method of attack according to the weaknesses they observe or perceive. Increasing the security of a particular type of target, such as aircraft or buildings, makes it more likely that terrorists will seek a different target. Increasing the countermeasures to a particular terrorist tactic, such as hijacking, makes it more likely that terrorists will favor a different tactic.
Protecting America's critical infrastructure and key assets is thus a formidable challenge. Our open and technologically complex society presents an almost infinite array of potential targets, and our critical infrastructure changes as rapidly as the marketplace. It is impossible to protect completely all targets, all the time. On the other hand, we can help deter or deflect attacks, or mitigate their effects, by making strategic improvements in protection and security. Thus, while we cannot assume we will prevent all terrorist attacks, we can substantially reduce America's vulnerability, particularly to the most damaging attacks.
All elements of our society have a crucial stake in reducing our vulnerability to terrorism; and all have highly valuable roles to play. Protecting America's critical infrastructure and key assets requires an unprecedented level of cooperation throughout all levels of government-with private industry and institutions, and with the American people. The federal government has the crucial task of fostering a collaborative environment, and enabling all of these entities to work together to provide America the security it requires.
What must we protect? The USA PATRIOT Act defines critical infrastructure as those "systems and assets, whether physical or virtual, so vital to the United States that the incapacity or destruction of such systems and assets would have a debilitating impact on security, national economic security, national public health or safety, or any combination of those matters." Our critical infrastructures are particularly important because of the functions or services they provide to our country. Our critical infrastructures are also particularly important because they are complex systems: the effects of a terrorist attack can spread far beyond the direct target, and reverberate long after the immediate damage.
America's critical infrastructure encompasses a large number of sectors. Our agriculture, food, and water sectors, along with the public health and emergency services sectors, provide the essential goods and services Americans need to survive. Our institutions of government guarantee our national security and freedom, and administer key public functions. Our defense industrial base provides essential capabilities to help safeguard ...
CRJ Module 8 OverviewTerrorism and the Future of Emergency Manag.docxfaithxdunce63732
CRJ Module 8 Overview
Terrorism and the Future of Emergency Management
The September 11th (9/11) and the October 2001 Anthrax attacks together prompted dramatic changes in U.S. emergency management and have been the impetus for a reexamination of the nation’s emergency management system, its priorities, funding and practices. These changes are ongoing and will continue for the foreseeable future. In this module, you will learn how the government's hazard focus has been affected by the changing risk of terrorism. The events of September 11, 2001, the consequences of those events, and how the government responded will be discussed. You will also learn about the Department of Homeland Security along with its components and its role in emergency management.
In addition, you will investigate how the U.S. government communicates terrorist threat information to the public. You will outline how Hurricane Katrina affected terrorism preparedness and response. Lastly, the possibilities the future holds for emergency management and how the profession may be improved in the near future will be discussed and analyzed.
Learning Objectives
Upon completion of this module, you should be able to:
8I
Explain how the federal government funds first responders.
8J
Understand how the Department of Homeland Security was formed, its components, its role in the emergency management and counterterrorism efforts, and its accomplishments.
10C
Explain how the government's hazard focus has been affected by the changing risk of terrorism.
10D
Discuss the events of September 11, 2001, the consequences of those events, and how the government responded.
10E
Summarize how the U.S. government communicates terrorist threat information to the public.
10F
Understand why the 9/11 Commission was formed and what was found as a result of its investigation.
10G
Explain how state and local governments manage the risk of terrorism.
10H
Outline how Hurricane Katrina affected terrorism preparedness and response.
11A
Understand how the past has impacted emergency management as it exists today.
11B
Discuss the possibilities the future holds for emergency management, and how the profession may be improved in the near future.
Module 8 Reading Assignment
Haddow, G., Bullock, J., & Coppola, D. (2011). Introduction to emergency management. Burlington: Elsevier. Chapters 9 and 10.
Emergency Management and the New Terrorist Threat
The September 11th (9/11) and the October 2001 Anthrax attacks together prompted dramatic changes in U.S. emergency management, and have been the impetus for a reexamination of the nation’s emergency management system, its priorities, funding, and practices. These changes are ongoing and will continue for the foreseeable future. Prior to 9/11, the Nunn-Lugar legislation provided the primary authority for domestic Federal preparedness activities for terrorism. FEMA, DOJ, HHS, DOD, and the National Guard all jockeyed for leadership on terrorism. Attempts a.
Module 3 OverviewMitigation and PreparednessThe discipline of .docxannandleola
Module 3 Overview
Mitigation and Preparedness
The discipline of mitigation provides the means for reducing disaster impacts. Mitigation is defined as a sustained action to reduce or eliminate risk to people and property from hazards and their effects. Preparedness within the field of emergency management can be defined not only as a state of readiness to respond to a disaster, crisis or any other type of emergency situation, but also a theme throughout most aspects of emergency management. In this module, you will describe the variety of mitigation tools available to planners. You will understand the impediments to mitigation and other associated problems that exist. You will explain how the Federal Government and other agencies and organizations support mitigation. Different mitigation measures that are performed to address actual disaster risk will be addressed.
In addition, you will understand why preparedness is considered the “building block” of emergency management. The differences that exist between hazard mitigation and disaster preparedness will be discussed. Evaluation planning is important and will be focused upon in this module. The different emergency management exercise types will be identified. Training and equipment for first responders will be described. Lastly, you will learn how businesses and nongovernmental organizations prepare for emergencies.
Learning Objectives
Upon completion of this module, you should be able to:
4A
Explain why preparedness is considered the "building block" of emergency management.
6A
Explain why evacuation planning is important, and why special consideration must be made when planning for the disaster-related needs of certain vulnerable populations.
8A
Explain how the Federal Government and other agencies and organizations support mitigation.
3B
Describe the variety of mitigation tools available to planners.
4B
Describe how training and equipment helps first responders to prepare.
5B
Discuss the differences that exist between hazard mitigation and disaster preparedness.
10B
Describe the different emergency management exercise types and explain what each involves.
3C
Understand the impediments to mitigation and other associated problems that exist.
5C
Explain how businesses and nongovernmental organizations prepare for emergencies.
3D
Identify different mitigation measures performed to address actual disaster risk.
Module 3 Reading Assignment
Haddow, G., Bullock, J., & Coppola, D. (2011). Introduction to emergency management. Burlington: Elsevier. Chapters 3 and 4.
The Disciplines of Emergency Management: Mitigation
The discipline of mitigation provides the means for reducing disaster impacts. Mitigation is defined as a sustained action to reduce or eliminate risk to people and property from hazards and their effects. The body of knowledge and applications in the area of mitigation are still evolving, but many successes have been achieved. Additionally, many of the successfu ...
Critical InfrastructuresThe U.S. Department of Homeland Security h.docxwillcoxjanay
Critical Infrastructures
The U.S. Department of Homeland Security has identified what is determined to be critical infrastructure assets that are designated as potentially being of terrorist interest. Although the final responsibility and mission for protecting those assets and sectors of each remains with the DHS, the initial accountability rests with local ownership and authorities.
The DHS has formulated a National Infrastructure Protection Plan to explain and describe the national responsibility. A very significant majority of the infrastructure elements are under private or corporate ownership and maintenance and must share the bulk of responsibility for protection and security under their own mission plans for security.
Assignment Guidelines
Address the following in 3–4 pages:
What is the National Infrastructure Protection Plan (NIPP)?
When was it created?
Who created it?
Why was it created? Explain.
How important is the private sector with regard to critical infrastructure protection? Why?
What types of strategies can be used for critical infrastructure protection (CIP)?
What strengths currently exist in the United States with regard to CIP? Explain.
What weaknesses still need to be addressed? Why?
How can federal agencies effectively cooperate with private sector organizations? Explain.
What types of information should be disseminated to private sector organizations that are responsible for key assets? Explain.
What types of information, if any, should be withheld from the private sector? Why?
ASSIGNMENT DUE TONIGHT 10/20/13 BY 12 CLOCK
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Explain how the concept of whole community is used at the local le.docxSANSKAR20
Explain how the concept of whole community is used at the local level of government to mitigate against risk.
Instructions: Fully utilize the materials that have been provided to you in order to support your response. Your initial post should be at least 350 words. APA format, use ctations.
Lesson
Week Two – The National Preparedness System
In March of 2011, the executive branch of the federal government issued Presidential Policy Directive (PPD) 8. This directive described how the nation will prepare for those threats and hazards that constitute the greatest risk to national security. PPD 8 was followed in the fall of that same year with the publication of the National Preparedness Goal (which was updated in 2015), and then a month later with the National Preparedness System (NPS). Similar to the term “risk” that was focused upon in our first lesson, “prepare” or “preparedness” are key terms as well as it relates to the underlying principles of this entire course. In order to properly examine the National Preparedness System, these terms as used within the context of the NPS must be understood.
As previously noted, we directed attention upon the notion of risk last week. We should remain cognizant that risk refers to the overall consequences represented by various types of threats and hazards. The analysis of risk rests within an all-hazards system and approach, wherein all dangers to a community are examined. In addition, these dangers are prioritized, not on preconceived notions of importance, but upon the actual, detrimental impact they have on a community. Acts of terrorism and of other man-made incidents of violence must be considered alongside natural and technological hazards as well; prioritized in a manner where preparedness and mitigation efforts can be appropriately discussed, formulated, and implemented. In essence, through its various components, the National Preparedness System offers a very consistent and dependable methodology that can be applied to a host of activities; those that range from aiding the decision making process to identifying and allocating resources (DHS, 2011).
So just as the NPS requires us to take a broad view of those elements that determine risk, it similarly requires us to take a wide-ranging view of preparedness as well. In essence, preparedness refers to a community’s ability to respond immediately to a disastrous event (remember, disaster events range from acts of terrorism to industrial accidents to natural disasters). Preparedness also refers to the community’s ability to recover from the event; and preparedness refers to all of those actions taken by the community to either prevent the event, or to mitigate the consequences of that event.
Within the National Preparedness System, the National Preparedness Goal (2015) defines the system’s measure of success as “A secure and resilient nation with capabilities required across the whole community to prevent, protect against, mitigate, respon ...
Education Please respond to the following· Based on the lectu.docxSALU18
"Education" Please respond to the following:
· Based on the lecture and Webtext materials, address the following:
. Outline the most significant obstacles to obtaining an education in developing countries. Suggest at least two (2) reasons why education should be a priority in the developing world. Next, propose significant overall strategies - aside from building more schools - that those in leadership positions in developing countries may use in order to help their people escape poverty through education.
Please also reply to the student
Rachael Brown
RE: Week 6 Discussion 1
The most significant obstacle to obtaining an education in developing countries is funding. Money is needed to fund the education system so they can bring in skilled teachers to educate the students in the classroom. If money is a problem then it will be hard to find teachers, then it will be hard for students to find a job if they do not finish their education. Providing funding to school systems in developing countries should take priority because this affects our future children of the world. If our children are educated, then they are more likely to find a decent paying job. Another reason this should take priority is because it allows the developing countries to grow economically. If there is proper funding for the education system, then this could allow for better job opportunities that could benefit the developing country in the long run.
Week 6 Discussion 2
"Preparing for Emergencies" Please respond to the following:
· Read the scenario below. Use the Internet to research the various grant opportunities for outfitting emergency response units. Then, select two (2) funds that you would apply for based on the scenario. Provide a rationale for your selection.
Imagine that you are the director of homeland security for a state where several high-risk terrorism targets are located. There is a high probability of hazardous material incidents and you have identified credible threats associated with the emerging sovereign citizens’ movement. Your state agency is well prepared by having response units in place. However, you don’t have the funds to properly outfit all possible response units for each of the possible threats. Your agency is eligible to receive federal grant funds and you have been tasked with researching and writing the grant proposal.
· Over the last few years, potential pandemics have gained increased attention among law enforcement professionals at both the state and local levels. As the top law enforcement official in your community, develop a reaction plan, which contains the first three (3) main procedures to maintain public orders if a pandemic occurred. Provide a rationale for your response.
Please also reply to the student
Sergio Garcia
RE: Week 6 Discussion 2
Well the two grants I found that would help all law enforcement agencies for the state would be what are known as the (SCOMF) and (SVNG) mobile forensic grants. Basi ...
Running head THE NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION PLAN1.docxtodd521
Running head: THE NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION PLAN
1
THE NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION PLAN
2
THE NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION PLAN
Ulugbek Rakhmatullaev
Professor Dr. Mark O. Afolabi
Strayer University
CIS 502
Week 3 Case Study Phase 1
07/22/2018
National Infrastructure Protection Plan
To: The chief information officer
From: The chief information security director
Date: 30-07-2018
Subject: The national infrastructure protection plan
As the chief information systems director, I would like to explain to you my plan for infrastructure protection. NIPP offers a structure for binding together the compromise of the current and future attempts to protect the CIKR and the procedures of adaptability into a lone countrywide program of fulfilling the goal (Hall et al., 2014). The NIPP structure tends to care for the insurance rankings and the exercises of versatility along with the hypothesis transverse over parts with the aim of identifying the private and organization division within which the resources are connected.
They tend to provide favorable positions to direct risks by cutting on the vulnerabilities, limiting the dead monger attack results and other trademark and engineered disasters as well as avoiding chances. The NIPP provides a structure that tends to embody adaptable strategies arrangement as well as the instruments which are used by the CIKR colleagues in making and understanding the programs across the nation to ensure beyond reasonable doubt that the CIKR finishes all parts over the widened term (Alcaraz & Zeadally, 2015).
There is a necessary supplement plan which is divergent by the NIPP with the aim of maintaining a strategic distance from secure against, design for, react to and recover after the mental assaults which are the aggressor, natural disaster as well as various emergencies. National security designs as well as systems at the neighborhood, federal, nevertheless provincial levels of firms address CIKR secret their purviews confirmation (Harrop & Matteson, 2015). Therefore, the proprietors and heads of the CIKR have given responses to the elongated risk settings by creating CIKR protection extent associated plans as well as a venture, rationality checking of the business and creating response measures. NIPP execution is encouraged among the assistants of CIKR to make sure that it does not achieve the duplicative or extravagant risks arrangements of the organization's supplies which are known for propositioning little CIKR insurance's change.
The evaluation of risk incorporates helplessness, hazard, and result information compromise. The organization of risk integrates picking the protective measures to use in light of a peril reduction system which is settled upon. Most of the insight makes methods or models by which vulnerabilities, dangers, and risk organize and thereafter utilized in educating the assignment while co.
The U.S. Department of Homeland Security has identified what is dete.docxwsusan1
The U.S. Department of Homeland Security has identified what is determined to be critical infrastructure assets that are designated as potentially being of terrorist interest. Although the final responsibility and mission for protecting those assets and sectors of each remains with the DHS, the initial accountability rests with local ownership and authorities.
The DHS has formulated a National Infrastructure Protection Plan to explain and describe the national responsibility. A very significant majority of the infrastructure elements are under private or corporate ownership and maintenance and must share the bulk of responsibility for protection and security under their own mission plans for security.
Assignment Guidelines
Address the following in 3–4 pages:
What is the National Infrastructure Protection Plan (NIPP)?
When was it created?
Who created it?
Why was it created? Explain.
How important is the private sector with regard to critical infrastructure protection? Why?
What types of strategies can be used for critical infrastructure protection (CIP)?
What strengths currently exist in the United States with regard to CIP? Explain.
What weaknesses still need to be addressed? Why?
How can federal agencies effectively cooperate with private sector organizations? Explain.
What types of information should be disseminated to private sector organizations that are responsible for key assets? Explain.
What types of information, if any, should be withheld from the private sector? Why?
.
250 words agree or disagree In the last several decades, peo.docxvickeryr87
250 words agree or disagree
In the last several decades, people motivated by different ideological beliefs and individual factors have engaged in horrifying acts of mass violence aimed at targeting innocent civilians across the country. Unfortunately, these attacks have increased in frequency and lethality. This new reality has challenged law enforcement agencies to ensure their training, tactics, and operational procedures evolve effectively in order to confront offenders who kill and seriously injure defenseless civilians at nightclubs, schools, movie theaters, churches, iconic sporting events, conference rooms and mobile active shootings throughout a community. In response to 9/11, local law enforcement agencies, particularly those within large counties, and state agencies undertook a number of steps: increasing the number of personnel engaged in emergency response planning; updating response plans for chemical, biological, or radiological attacks and, to a lesser extent, mutual aid agreements; and reallocating internal resources or increasing departmental spending to focus on terrorism preparedness (United States, 2015). Perceived risk is an important predictor of agencies taking steps to improve their level of preparedness. Specifically, law enforcement agencies that perceived the risk of future terrorist attacks in their jurisdictions to be higher are more likely to undertake steps to improve their preparedness. Although the size of a jurisdiction and the level of perceived risk are predictive of law enforcement’s undertaking preparedness activities, level of risk is a better predictor of receipt of funding. Law enforcement agencies vary substantially in their approach to preparedness and in their support needs. In addition, perceived risk is predictive of agencies taking steps to improve their preparedness, regardless of county size. This suggests that future programmatic support at the federal, state, and local levels will need to be tailored to account for these differences, and that any effort to model or develop objective measures of overall U.S. preparedness will also need to account for differences in risk levels.
The collection of intelligence within the United States is obviously a critical component of the federal government’s efforts in the war against terrorism. The first step in disrupting terrorist plots and preventing terrorist attacks is obtaining information about the operations of terrorist groups and the activities of individual terrorists, both inside and outside of our nation’s borders. Intelligence collection, however, is only the first step in combating terrorism. A piece of information is like a piece of a puzzle. Oftentimes, only when a piece of information is combined with many other pieces of information does the big picture emerge. Moreover, possessing information without more does not stop terrorism; rather, information must lead to action. This is why it is critical not only that intelligence on terror.
Department of Homeland Security- When it comes to CIKR (Critical Infra.docxcliftonl1
Department of Homeland Security:
When it comes to CIKR (Critical Infrastucture and Key Resources) protection, public and private security concerns often differ. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? What are the differences? Please support your opinion with real-world examples.
Solution
when it comes under CIKR:critical infrastructure and key resources protection then both the publicas well as private sector must be united to solve the problems created by terrorists.
they have to maintain cordination cooperation and any suggestions to the any level of the government officials to run smoothly.the cooperation between these two sectors security is the central key factor that gives the success.
tripwire is webportal that is mainly inteded for private people security. it predicts the threats,analyses,and give corresponding actions to prevent it.
National Infrastructure Protection Plan (NIPP) carried out the plans including various all local bodies and various departments in order to protect the people of america.
terrorist attacks or natural calamaties all comes under CIKR . so in all these perspectives the cordination and coperation is very essential to get rid out from the problems.
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Please read the description of the Religion ethnography carefully an.docxSusanaFurman449
Please read the description of the Religion ethnography carefully and then ask me in class to explain anything that isn't clear. You can also email me with questions.
At the end there is a short list of possible sites for the ethnography: Sikh, Islamic, Jewish, Catholic, Hindu, Buddhist. Shumei. There are other religions and many other sites. Bahai is an interesting religion but you have to be invited to attend by a member.
Mormon the same.
If you have access to a Santeria or similar ceremony, great!
To make the project worthwhile choose a site as different from your own background as you can.
If you have a Christian or Catholic background do not do your paper on any kind of Christian or Catholic service.
You are welcome to attend a non-English language service as long as you understand the language being used.
Be sure to okay your choice with me. Some places that don’t work for this project are Scientology, the Self Realization Fellowship, the Kabbalah Center, SGI Buddhist, Hare Krishna.
INSTRUCTIONS:
Attend a religious activity that you’re curious about and would like to explore.
You must attend a service, not simply visit a religious site.
Examples: a mosque, temple, synagogue, gurdwara.
You can probably find an interesting place of worship near where you live or work.
It’s always a good idea to phone or email the place of worship before you attend.
Research methods must include participant/observation and informal conversation. One slightly more formal interview is desirable.
Be absolutely sure to allow time to stay after the service for food, lunch, other refreshment, or informal gathering. This may well be the most important part of your experience and will enable you to answer the question, “What meaning does this place and this service have for the participants?
You must go some place you’ve never been to before. Do NOT choose your own tradition or somewhere you’re even a bit familiar with. Choose somewhere entirely new and different.
The important thing is to come to the service as an outsider, with the eyes and ears of an anthropologist and take note of everything. Use the skills you’ve learned in this class.
You can attend alone or with a co-researcher or two from the class. Best, you can be the guest(s) of a classmate or someone else you know and discuss the event with them. Invite a classmate or two to attend a service from your tradition.
Do not write about an event you attended in the past. But you can use past experiences for comparison and reflection.
It is almost never appropriate to jot down notes during a religious service. Better, write everything you remember immediately after the event. Get sufficient detail to write what anthropologist Clifford Geertz called “thick”, or rich description.
In writing your paper use terms we've discussed in class and think about connections to the reading we’ve done and films we’ve seen.
OUTLINE
: Include each of these sections.
Title Page,
or top of page: .
PLEASE read the question carefully. The creation of teen ido.docxSusanaFurman449
PLEASE read the question carefully.
The creation of “teen idols” is a tradition that stems back to Tin Pan Alley and the “old guard” way of making music. What were some of the factors that led to this point in the early 60’s? Is it still prevalent? If so, why? Name some examples.
.
Please reflect on the relationship between faith, personal disciplin.docxSusanaFurman449
Please reflect on the relationship between faith, personal discipline, and political integrity. Explain how the Progressive movement and the New Deal Court transformed constitutional interpretation. Briefly give 2 illustrations of how government regulations and/or subsidies (legal plunder, perhaps?) channels behavior and/or distorts markets. 400 WORDS
.
Please read the following questions and answer the questions.docxSusanaFurman449
Please read the following questions and answer the questions
This unit's chapter discussed concerns about quality programming in the media. Different models for assessing culture were discussed:
1) Culture as a Skyscraper Model and 2) Culture as a Map.
Come up with several television shows that serve as examples of “quality” programs and “trashy” programs. What characteristics determine their quality (plots, subject matter, themes, characters…)?
Is there anything you can think of that is “universally trashy”? Or universally in good taste?
On the whole, are Americans seen as having good taste? Why or why not? Is there a country/culture that always seems tasteful in its cultural products?
Which model (Culture as Skyscraper or Culture as Map) makes more sense to you and why?
i need 400 words
.
PRAISE FOR CRUCIAL CONVERSATIONS Relationships ar.docxSusanaFurman449
PRAISE FOR CRUCIAL CONVERSATIONS
"Relationships are the priority of life, and conversations are the
crucial element in profound caring of relationships. This book
helps us to think about what we really want to say. If you want
to succeed in both talking and listening, read this book."
-Dr. Lloyd J. Ogilvie, chaplain, United States Senate
"Important, lucid, and practical, Crucial Conversations is a
book that will make a difference in your life. Learn how to flour
ish in every difficult situation."
-Robert E. Quinn, ME Tracy Collegiate Professor of
OBHRM, University of Michigan Business School
"I was personally and professionally inspired by this book-and
I'm not easily impressed. In the fast-paced world of IT, the success
of our systems, and our business, depends on crucial conversations
we have every day. Unfortunately, because our environment is so
technical, far too often we forget about the 'human systems' that
make or break us. These skills are the missing foundation piece."
-Maureen Burke, manager of training,
Coca-Cola Enterprises, Inc.
"The book is compelling. Yes, I found myself in too many of their
examples of what not to do when caught in these worst-of-all
worlds situations! GET THIS BOOK, WHIP OUT A PEN AND
GET READY TO SCRIBBLE MARGIN NOTES FURIOUSLY,
AND PRACTICE, PRACTICE, PRACTICE THE INVALUABLE
TOOLS THESE AUTHORS PRESENT. I know I did-and it
helped me salvage several difficult situations and repair my
damaged self-esteem in others. I will need another copy pretty
soon. as I'm wearing out the pages in this one!"
-James Belasco. best-selling author of Flight of the Buffalo,
l!l1trl!prl!l1eur. professor. und l!xl!cutive director of the Financial
Tilllrs Knowkdgc Diuloguc
"Crucial Conversations is the most useful self-help book I have
ever read. I'm awed by how insightful, readable, well organized,
and focused it is. I keep thinking: 'If only I had been exposed to
these dialogue skills 30 years ago ... '"
-John Hatch, founder, FINCA International
"One of the greatest tragedies is seeing someone with incredible
talent get derailed because he or she lacks some basic skills.
Crucial Conversations addresses the number one reason execu
tives derail, and it provides extremely helpful tools to operate in
a fast-paced, results-oriented environment."
-Karie A. Willyerd, chief talent officer, Solectron
"The book prescribes, with structure and wit, a way to improve on
the most fundamental element of organizational learning and
growth-honest, unencumbered dialogue between individuals.
There are one or two of the many leadership/management
'thought' books on my shelf that are frayed and dog-eared from
use. Crucial Conversations will no doubt end up in the same con
dition."
-John Gill, VP of Human Resources, Rolls Royce USA
Crucial
Conversations
Crucial
Conversations
Tools for Talking
When Stakes Are High
by
Kerry Patterson, .
Must Be a
hip-hop concert!!!!
attend a
hip-hop concert (in-person or virtual/recorded live concert on DVD or streaming platform) of your choice
THIS month.
After the concert, write an
objective review (1000 - 1500 words) of the concert detailing your experience.
Write A Review and include those questions!!!
The review should include:
1. The names of the performing groups/artists; the date and location of the performance.
2. Describe the setting. Is it a large hall or an intimate theater? What type of audience demographic is there? Young or old? How do they respond to the music?
3. The different styles/genres of songs the artist(s) perform.
4. Use your notes and experience to describe the different musical elements (i.e. melody, harmony, timbre, technology, form, volume, etc.) you recognize in most (if not all) the songs/pieces.
5. Be sure to arrive on time to hear the
entire concert.
6. Attach a photo of the flyer, ticket, or webpage (or social media event) when you submit this assignment.
7. Describe your personal reaction to the concert. List reasons why you think it was successful or not. However, do not make this the center of your paper. It should be
one or two paragraphs at the end. Further, use
data to support your arguments about why it was successful or not successful. (e.g., How did people respond verbally and non-verbally? Was this based on your perception or was there a general consensus? If it is a consensus, then what facts do you have to support this?)
8. Try to do some background research on the genre or artist before and after you attend the concert. This is not a research paper, but if you use any information from any source (including the artist's website), you
must cite it both in-text and on a works-cited page.
.
Mini-Paper #3 Johnson & Johnson and a Tale of Two Crises - An Eth.docxSusanaFurman449
Mini-Paper #3: Johnson & Johnson and a Tale of Two Crises - An Ethics Story Revised Submission
Read the following two PDF documents located at this link: click hereLinks to an external site.
·
Johnson & Johnson’s Tylenol Crisis
·
JNJ’s Baby Powder Crisis: Does Baby Powder Cause Cancer?
·
You are not expected to conduct any outside research
Based on your reading please write a short paper answering the following questions (do not answer with bullets, write a paper):
· JNJ’s response to the Tylenol Crisis is often cited as one of the best historical crisis management leadership examples. Given this perspective:
·
Compare JNJ’s response to the Tylenol Crisis to their response in the Baby Powder Crisis.
·
What actions by JNJ were highly effective in the Tylenol Crisis and why? Explain your examples and why you believe they are best practices
·
What could JNJ improve upon in the Tylenol Crisis?
· After reading JNJ's handling of the Baby Powder Class Action Lawsuit elaborate upon the following:
·
How did JNJs response differ from the Tylenol Crisis in the Baby Powder Lawsuit?
·
Given what you've learned from the Tylenol Crisis what are three potential recommendations/improvements JNJ could have made in the Baby Powder Lawsuit?
·
Ethics Analysis - consider your decision from the perspective of a senior advisor to senior leadership at JNJ (
there is NO right answer here, YOU MAY GIVE OPINION IN FIRST PERSON IN THIS SECTION ONLY (this is a special exception)):
·
· With what ethical actions do you agree or disagree regarding how JNJ handled the Tylenol Crisis?
· With what ethical actions do you agree or disagree regarding how JNJ handled the Baby Powder Crisis?
·
Be sure to reference at least 3 concepts from Chapters 9 and/or 12 in the textbook in answering this mini-paper. Please mark your references with "(textbook)" to make clear the references from the book.
Johnson & Johnson’s Tylenol Crisis
Background
“The killer’s motives remain unknown, but his — or her, or their — technical
savvy is as chilling today as it was 30 years ago.
On Sept. 29, 1982, three people died in the Chicago area after taking
cyanide-laced Tylenol at the outset of a poisoning spree that would claim seven
lives by Oct. 1. The case has never been solved, and so the lingering question —
why? — still haunts investigators.
Food and Drug Administration officials hypothesized that the killer bought
Extra-Strength Tylenol capsules over the counter, injected cyanide into the red
half of the capsules, resealed the bottles, and sneaked them back onto the shelves
of drug and grocery stores. The Illinois attorney general, on the other hand,
suspected a disgruntled employee on Tylenol’s factory line. In either case, it was a
sophisticated and ambitious undertaking with the seemingly pathological go.
Please write these 2 assignments in first person.docxSusanaFurman449
Please write these 2 assignments in
first person view. No need for citation. Please give me two files, the first one is a
Short Paper(600-700 words); the second one is
Long Discussion(450-500 words).
They are all about Art and Politics in Renaissance Florence Period
1. Short Paper
Street corners, guild halls, government offices, and confraternity centers contained works of art that made the city of Florence a visual jewel at precisely the time of its emergence as a European cultural leader. In shared religious and secular spaces, people from the city of Florence commissioned altarpieces, chapels, buildings, textiles, all manner of objects – at home, interior spaces were animated with smaller-scale works, such as family portraits, birth trays, decorated pieces of furniture, all of which relied on patrons, artists, and audiences working with the beauty and power of sensory experience. Like people all over Europe, viewers believed in the power of images, and they shared an understanding of the persuasiveness of art and architecture. Florentines accepted the utterly vital role that art could play as a propagator of civic, corporate, religious, political and individual identity.
Select one or two of the test case studies [that is, talk about Cosimo or Lorenzo the Magnificent or Savonarola's impact on Florence or the new Republic under Soderini] from this Module on Art and Politics in Renaissance Florence, and explore your understanding of people in Florence, who was so alive to the power and communication possibilities in works of art, objects, and spaces throughout the city and beyond.
Word count:
600-700 words
No need for citations.
2. Long Discussion
In this longer discussion forum, create an initial post of
450-500 words that explores these key concepts;
In this discussion post, talk about the political and social messages that you can see in the various works of art commissioned by the Medici, all the while being aware of the debate that was circulating about power and religion. If the content of the work of art is religious, how does the work convey political messages?
a video that may help
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UAqE21zjQH4
.
Personal Leadership Training plan AttributesColumbia South.docxSusanaFurman449
Personal Leadership Training plan : Attributes
Columbia Southern University
Dr. Mark Friske
Current Issues in Leadership
LDR 6302-22.01.00
10/14/2022
Introduction
Personal leadership style
personal leadership style attributes
Characteristics of a democratic leader
Charismatic leadership style
Charismatic leader
Transformational leadership style
Transformational leader
Charismatic vs. transformational
Impacts of transformational leadership
Reflection
Personal leadership style
Democratic leadership style
Embraces diversity and open dialogue as core values.
The leader's role is to provide direction and exercise authority.
Commands respect and admiration from those who follow you.
Moral principles and personal beliefs underpin all choices.
Seek out a wide range of perspectives (Cherry, 2020).
Behaviorist theory is the one that fits my style of leadership the best.
Being the change you wish to see in the world is crucial, in my opinion. According to Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, "Behavior is the mirror in which everyone exhibits their picture." My main priorities are the well-being of the team members and developing effective solutions via cooperative effort.
personal leadership style attributes
Active participant
Each person is given a fair chance to speak their mind, and there is no pressure to conform to any one viewpoint.
Values other standpoints
I find it fascinating to hear the perspectives of others. To me, it's crucial that everyone in the team pitches in to find the most effective answer. To me, it's important to give everyone a voice on the team since they all have something unique to offer.
Characteristics of democratic leader
Attribute:
Talk About It
Subcontract Work
Get Other People's Opinions
Friendly
Approachable
Trustworthy
Participative
Motivate Originality
Regard for Others
Build Confidence
Life example
Working as a Management Analyst in the realm of government spending, I am frequently required to communicate with the Program Management Team of a third party firm. No collimated staff members prevent me from personally performing some of the work necessary to maintain an accurate external organization ledger. As a result, I need to be approachable, polite, and nice to my coworkers so that they would feel comfortable confiding in me and trusting me with their ideas. By consistently soliciting feedback from staff and management, I want to foster a culture of collaboration. This fosters innovation on the team and opens minds to new points of view.
Charismatic leadership style
They have excellent communication skills.
Passionate in furthering Their Cause.
Professionals have a lot of experience in their field.
Act with a level head (Siangchokyoo, et al. 2020).
Leadership traits and behavior are under scrutiny.
Win Over Huge Crowds.
Possible drawbacks
Frustratingly Diminished Clarity
Not Enough People to Make It Happen
Charismatic leader
Charismatic leader example:
pr.
Need help on researching why women join gangs1.How does anxi.docxSusanaFurman449
Need help on researching why women join gangs
1.How does anxiety increase the chance of girls joining groups or gangs.
2. sexual abuse on girls joining gangs
3. long-term consequences on girls joining gangs
4. depression and anxiety impact on girls joining gangs
5.death rates of girls joining gangs
6. health risks of girls joining gangs
.
Jung Typology AssessmentThe purpose of this assignment is to ass.docxSusanaFurman449
Jung Typology Assessment
The purpose of this assignment is to assess your personality and how that information might help guide your career choice. Understanding personalities can also help managers know how to motivate employees.
Find out about your personality by going to the Human Metrics website (www.humanmetrics.com - and TAKE the Jung Typology Test - Jung, Briggs, Meyers Types. It is a free test. (Disclaimer: The test, like all other personality tests, is only a rough and preliminary indicator of personality.)
·
Complete the typology assessment
·
Read the corresponding personality portrait and career portrait.
·
Think about your career interests, then answer the following:
How are your traits compatible for your potential career choice (Business Administration)? This should be around 250 words of writing.
R E S E A R CH
Co-administration of multiple intravenous medicines: Intensive
care nurses' views and perspectives
Mosopefoluwa S. Oduyale MPharm1 | Nilesh Patel PhD, BPharm (Hons)1 |
Mark Borthwick MSc, BPharm (Hons)2 | Sandrine Claus PhD, MRSB, MRSC3
1Reading School of Pharmacy, University of
Reading, Reading, UK
2Pharmacy Department, John Radcliffe
Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS
Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
3LNC Therapeutics, Bordeaux, France
Correspondence
Mosopefoluwa S. Oduyale, Reading School of
Pharmacy, University of Reading, Harry
Nursten Building, Room 1.05, Whiteknights
Campus, Reading RG6 6UR, UK.
Email: [email protected]
Funding information
University of Reading
Abstract
Background: Co-administration of multiple intravenous (IV) medicines down the
same lumen of an IV catheter is often necessary in the intensive care unit (ICU) while
ensuring medicine compatibility.
Aims and objectives: This study explores ICU nurses' views on the everyday practice
surrounding co-administration of multiple IV medicines down the same lumen.
Design: Qualitative study using focus group interviews.
Methods: Three focus groups were conducted with 20 ICU nurses across two hospi-
tals in the Thames Valley Critical Care Network, England. Participants' experience of
co-administration down the same lumen and means of assessing compatibility were
explored. All focus groups were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using
thematic analysis. Functional Resonance Analysis Method was used to provide a
visual representation of the co-administration process.
Results: Two key themes were identified as essential during the process of co-admin-
istration, namely, venous access and resources. Most nurses described insufficient
venous access and lack of compatibility data for commonly used medicines (eg, anal-
gesics and antibiotics) as particular challenges. Strategies such as obtaining additional
venous access, prioritizing infusions, and swapping line of infusion were used to man-
age IV administration pro.
Journal of Organizational Behavior J. Organiz. Behav. 31, .docxSusanaFurman449
Journal of Organizational Behavior
J. Organiz. Behav. 31, 24–44 (2010)
Published online 22 May 2009 in Wiley InterScience
(www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI: 10.1002/job.621
Towards a multi-foci approach to
workplace aggression: A meta-analytic
review of outcomes from different
yperpetrators
M. SANDY HERSHCOVIS1* AND JULIAN BARLING2
1I. H. Asper School of Business, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
2Queen’s School of Business, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
Summary Using meta-analysis, we compare three attitudinal outcomes (i.e., job satisfaction, affective
commitment, and turnover intent), three behavioral outcomes (i.e., interpersonal deviance,
organizational deviance, and work performance), and four health-related outcomes (i.e.,
general health, depression, emotional exhaustion, and physical well being) of workplace
aggression from three different sources: Supervisors, co-workers, and outsiders. Results from
66 samples show that supervisor aggression has the strongest adverse effects across the
attitudinal and behavioral outcomes. Co-worker aggression had stronger effects than outsider
aggression on the attitudinal and behavioral outcomes, whereas there was no significant
difference between supervisor, co-worker, and outsider aggression for the majority of the
health-related outcomes. These results have implications for how workplace aggression is
conceptualized and measured, and we propose new research questions that emphasize a multi-
foci approach. Copyright # 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
I admit that, before I was bullied, I couldn’t understand why employees would shy-away from doing
anything about it. When it happened to me, I felt trapped. I felt like either no one believed me or no
one cared. This bully was my direct boss and went out of his way to make me look and feel
incompetent. . . I dreaded going to work and cried myself to sleep every night. I was afraid of
losing my job because I started to question my abilities and didn’t think I’d find work elsewhere.
(HR professional as posted on a New York Times blog, 2008).
Introduction
Growing awareness of psychological forms of workplace aggression has stimulated research interest in
the consequences of these negative behaviors. Workplace aggression is defined as negative acts that are
* Correspondence to: M. Sandy Hershcovis, I. H. Asper School of Business, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba,
Canada. E-mail: [email protected]
yAn earlier version of this study was presented at the 65th Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, Honolulu, HI.
Received 28 April 2008
Revised 17 March 2009
Copyright # 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Accepted 4 April 2009
mailto:[email protected]
www.interscience.wiley.com
25 AGGRESSION META-ANALYSIS
perpetrated against an organization or its members and that victims are motivated to avoid (Neuman &
Baron, 2005; Raver & Barling, 2007). Much of this research (e.g., .
LDR535 v4Organizational Change ChartLDR535 v4Page 2 of 2.docxSusanaFurman449
LDR/535 v4
Organizational Change Chart
LDR/535 v4
Page 2 of 2
Organizational Change Chart
Organizational Information
Select an organization that needed a change to its culture as you complete the organizational change information chart.
For each type of information listed in the first column, include details about the organization in the second column.
Indicate your suggested actions for improvement in the third column.
Type
Details
Suggested Actions for Improvement
Vision
Insert the organization’s vision.
Mission
Insert the organization’s mission.
Purpose
Insert the organization’s purpose.
Values
Insert a list of the organization’s values.
Diversity and Equity
Insert the types of the diversity and equity observed in the organization.
Inclusion
Insert examples of overall involvement of diverse groups inclusion in decision-making and process change.
Goal
Identify the goal set for organizational change.
Strategy
Identify the implementation strategies followed to implement the organizational change.
Communication
Identify the communication methods used to communicate organizational change and the change progress.
Organizational Perceptions
Considering the same organizational culture and change goal, rate your agreement from 1 to 5 in the second column with the statement in the first column. Use the following scale:
1. Strongly disagree
2. Somewhat disagree
3. Neither agree nor disagree
4. Somewhat agree
5. Strongly agree
Statement
Rating (1 – 5)
Employees know the organization’s vision.
Employees know the organization’s mission.
Employees know the organization’s purpose.
Employees know the organization’s values.
Overall, the organization is diverse and equitable.
Diverse groups are included in decision making and processes for change.
The change goal was successfully met.
The implementation strategies were effective.
The organization’s communication about the change was effective.
Kotter's 8-Steps to Change
Consider the goal for organizational change that you identified and the existing organizational culture.
For each of Kotter's 8-Steps to Change listed in the first column, rate whether you observed that step during the implementation process in the second column. Use the following scale to rate your observation:
1. Never observed
2. Rarely observed
3. Sometimes observed
4. Often observed
Identify actions you suggest for improvement in the third column.
Step Name
Rating (1 – 4)
Suggested Actions for Improvement
Step 1: Create Urgency.
Step 2: Form a Powerful Coalition.
Step 3: Create a Vision for Change.
Step 4: Communicate the Vision.
Step 5: Remove Obstacles.
Step 6: Create Short-Term Wins.
Step 7: Build on the Change.
Step 8: Anchor the Changes in Corporate Culture.
Copyright 2022 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.
Copyright 2022 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.
image1.png
.
In this paper, you will select an ethics issue from among the topics.docxSusanaFurman449
In this paper, you will select an ethics issue from among the topics below and provide a 3-4 page paper on the issue.
In the paper, you will address the following:
1. Explain the topic (20%)
2. Why the topic or issue is controversial (25%)
3. Is the controversy justified? Why or why not? (20%)
4. Summarize current research about the issue and at least two credible sources. At least one reference source should discuss the issue from a pro and the other should discuss from a con perspective. (20%)
5. Cite references in APA format (15%)
Topics may include:
Research on animals
Medical Research on prisoners or ethnic minorities
Patient rights and HIPAA
Torture of military prisoners
Off-shore oil drilling and the potential threat to biodiversity
Development in emerging nations and its impact on biodiversity
Stem cell research
Healthcare Accessibility: Right or privilege
Genetically modified organisms
Genetic testing and data sharing
Reproductive rights
Pesticides and Agriculture
Organ transplants and accessibility
Assisted Suicide
Medicinal use of controlled substances/illicit drugs
.
In the past few weeks, you practiced observation skills by watchin.docxSusanaFurman449
In the past few weeks, you practiced observation skills by watching
Invictus, a movie that tells “the inspiring true story of how Nelson Mandela joined forces with the captain of South Africa's rugby team to help unite their country.”
[1]. While watching the film, you were instructed to pay special attention to the factors relating to group dynamics for teams, which include but are not limited to
1. Team beginnings
2. Leader’s behaviors,
3. Communication Patterns,
4. Conflict resolution style,
5. Power styles,
6. Decision making style,
7. Creativity,
8. Diversity.
You were also instructed to identify leadership decisions and leadership styles developed by Nelson Mandela and Francois Pinnear (captain of the rugby team).
Write a paper (1000 words) to the following three questions:
1. Which leadership decision/style has impressed you the most? Why do you feel this way?
2. How does the leader contribute to the development of their leadership ability?
3. What specific decisions made this leader make them such an effective leader? Provide insight on how those under this leadership are affected by decisions made.
.
Overview After analyzing your public health issue in Milestone On.docxSusanaFurman449
Overview: After analyzing your public health issue in Milestone One and studying socioeconomic factors affecting healthcare in this module, you will write a short paper to identify and analyze socioeconomic barriers and supports involved in addressing the public health issue. Your paper must include an introduction to your public health issue, a discussion of socioeconomic barriers to change, a discussion of supports for change, and a conclusion with a call to action for your readers. Assume your readers will include healthcare administrators and managers, as well as healthcare policy makers and legislators.
Prompt: Write a short paper including the following sections:
I. Introduction
A. Introduce your public health issue and briefly explain what needs to change to address the issue.
II. Barriers
A. Identify two potential socioeconomic barriers to change and describe each with specific details.
B. Consider patient demographics (e.g., age, ethnicity, and education), geographic factors (e.g., urban/rural location), and psychographic factors (e.g., eating habits and employment status).
C. Justify your points by referencing your textbook or other scholarly resources.
III. Supports
A. Identify two possible socioeconomic supports for change and describe each with specific details.
B. B. Consider patient demographics (e.g., age, ethnicity, and education), geographic factors (e.g., urban/rural location), and psychographic factors (e.g., eating habits and employment status).
C. C. Justify your points by referencing your textbook or other scholarly resources.
IV. Conclusion
A. Conclude with a clear call to action: What can your readers do to assist in the implementation of the necessary changes?
Rubric Guidelines for Submission: Your short paper must be submitted as a 2-page Microsoft Word document with double spacing, 12-point Times New Roman font, one-inch margins, and at least three sources cited in APA format.
.
Judicial OpinionsOverview After the simulation, justices writ.docxSusanaFurman449
Judicial Opinions
Overview: After the simulation, justices write judicial opinions in reaction to the oral argument, merits briefs, conference, and draft opinions as well as the facts of the case, Constitution, and case law. Justices circulate drafts so they know how their colleagues plan to rule and why, and so they can respond to one another in their final judicial opinion draft.
Instructions: You are a Supreme Court justice preparing an opinion for announcement. Read the case materials: case hypothetical, merits briefs, and judicial opinion drafts of your colleagues, and review your notes from oral argument and conference. Write a majority opinion resolving the major legal question in light of the facts of the case, Constitution, and case law, as well as all case materials: merits briefs, oral argument, and the views of your colleagues (in conference and draft opinions). Opinions must support an argument, refute counterarguments, and respond to attorneys (oral argument and/or merits briefs), and fellow justices (conference and/or draft opinions).
Opinions should contain the following five elements, in the following order:
1. an introductory statement of the nature, procedural posture, and prior result of the case;
2. a statement of the issues to be decided;
3. a statement of the material facts;
4. a discussion of the governing legal principles and resolution of the issues; and
5. the disposition and necessary instructions.
Each of these is developed further below.
Assessment: Complete opinions must support an argument, refute counterarguments, and respond to attorneys (oral argument and/or merits briefs), and fellow justices (conference and/or draft opinions). Strong opinions will be well organized, logically argued, and well supported through reference to and explanation of Supreme Court decisions and legal principles. Assessment rests on how well you make use of, identify, and explain relevant course material. It also rests on staying in character and not diverging from your justice’s political ideology and/or judicial philosophy.
Introduction
The purpose of the Introduction is to orient the reader to the case. It should state briefly what the case is about, the legal subject matter, and the result. It may also cover some or all of the following:
1. The parties: The parties should be identified, if not in the Introduction, then early in the opinion, preferably by name, and names should be used consistently throughout. (The use of legal descriptions, such as “appellant” and “appellee,” tends to be confusing, especially in multi-party cases.)
2. The procedural and jurisdictional status: relevant prior proceedings, and how the case got before the court should be outlined.
Statement of issues
The statement of issues is the cornerstone of the opinion; how the issues are formulated determines which facts are material and what legal principles govern. Judges should not be bound by the attorneys’.
IntroductionReview the Vila Health scenario and complete the int.docxSusanaFurman449
Introduction
Review the Vila Health scenario and complete the interviews with staff at Vila Health Skilled Nursing Facility (SNF). After completing the scenario, you will update the patient safety plan for the SNF and present it to the executive team. The safety plan will include meeting accrediting body requirements as well as regulatory obligations. The plan must be based on evidenced-based best practices and include tools, approaches, and mechanisms for reporting, tracking, and reducing patient safety incidents.
Instructions
After reviewing the Vila Health scenario, present your findings to the executive team at Vila Health by creating a 15-20 slide PowerPoint presentation. To be successful in this assignment, ensure you complete the following steps:
Research the health care organization's (Vila Health SNF) safety plan and propose recommendations to ensure the successes of their best practices.
Assess and propose how to link health care safety goals to those of the organizational strategic plan in order to create and sustain an organization-wide safety culture.
Analyze evidence-based practices within the organization's health care safety program, including falls prevention, medication errors, or others.
Establish protocols to identify and monitor patients who qualify for being at risk for falls, readmission, suicide, or others.
Develop mechanisms to coordinate and integrate risk management approaches into the organization's health care safety strategy.
Create mechanisms and tools as monitors for patients identified for being at risk.
Create ongoing evaluation procedures that provide continuous safe, quality patient care, and sustained compliance with evidence-based practices, professional standards, and regulations.
Submission Requirements
Your presentation should meet the following requirements:
Length:
15–20 slide PowerPoint presentation, excluding the cover slide and references list. Include slide numbers, headings, and running headers.
References:
3–5 current peer-reviewed references.
Format:
Use current APA style and formatting, for citations and references.
Font and font size:
Fonts and styles used should be consistent throughout the presentation, including headings.
.
In studying Social Problems, sociologists (and historians) identify .docxSusanaFurman449
In studying Social Problems, sociologists (and historians) identify "the defining moment" or a specific trigger event that brought about the need for social change (or the need to resist the status quo).
Give a brief history/background story of the social issue, and why and/or how it became a Social Problem. Provide supporting evidence.
What was the "defining moment" that catapulted the social issue into the political arena?
What was public policy was framed to address the problem?
.
I need help correcting an integrative review.This was the profes.docxSusanaFurman449
I need help correcting an integrative review.
This was the professor's feedback: Great job on your first draft :) Few things Past tense throughout the integrative review. Some of the sections are light on detail - need to check the requirements (Integrative review guidelines). This is an integrative review - not a study or project refer to it as an integrative review all the time.
.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
1. HM502
Unit 5 DQ
Topic 1: Infrastructure Protection
A detailed discussion of threats to and the process of protecting
critical infrastructure and key resources (CI/KR) sectors from
man-made and natural disasters are essential for understanding
one of the main missions of the U.S. Department of Homeland
Security (DHS). In detailed analysis of threats and protection
challenges, several CI/KR sectors have emerged that require the
attention of DHS professionals. These sectors include:
· Agriculture and Food
· Banking and Finance
· Communications
· Defense Industrial Base
· Energy
· Information Technology
· National Monuments and Icons
· Transportation Systems
· Water
What are some of the major threats to the CI/KR sectors
identified above? Discuss some of the critical vulnerabilities of
these CI/KR sectors. What are some of the prime consequences
if these CI/KR sectors are damaged or destroyed? Describe DHS
plans to deter threats, mitigate vulnerabilities, and minimize
consequences.
Topic 1 Student Response #1 (Respond to Jeffery)
Jeffery Bailey
Hello classmates/Professor
The Homeland Security Act of 2002 provides the basis for
Department of Homeland Security (DHS) responsibilities in the
2. protection of the Nation’s CIKR. The act assigns DHS the
responsibility for developing a comprehensive national plan for
securing CIKR and for recommending the “measures necessary
to protect the key resources and critical infrastructure of the
United States coordination with other agencies of the Federal
Government and in cooperation with State and
local government agencies and authorities, the private sector,
and other entities. (Chertoff, 2009) The NIPP defines the
organizational structures that provide
the framework for coordination of CIKR protection efforts at all
levels of government, their framework includes the action of
setting goals and objectives, Identify Assets, Systems and
Networks, Assess Risk, consequences, vulnerabilities, and
threats. Prioritize, Implement Programs and Measure
effectiveness.
The NIPP Conducts research and development and using
technology to improve CIKR protection-related capabilities to
ensure refined risk assessments for many years into the future.
The NIPP assistance programs offers Federal grant assistance to
State, local, tribal, and territorial entities; and complement
relevant private sector activities. Part of their mission is to
make America safer and more secure from cyber attacks and
also both man made and natural disasters. Together, the NIPP
and SSPs provide the mechanisms for identifying critical assets,
systems, and networks, and their associated sectors. In dealing
with risk and emergencies the NIPP has Sector Specific
Agencies that are assigned certain areas of responsibilities such
as Agriculture, Food, Energy and Water. Banking and
Finance Communications, in dealing with the potential risk that
may befall any of these entities the NIPP takes critical steps to
assess, mitigate, protect, and plan for future emergencies. One
main threat to the entities that are named of course is terrorism,
terrorist will use any of these agencies to obtain or control or
impose a certain agenda. These are all areas that can have
devastating consequences to a city or state if under the control
3. of a terrorist organization. For instance a tainted water system
at its base could affect an cities health and resources, for this
reason California created a comprehensive review plan along
with DHS to address possible water system attacks also cyber -
attack as we have seen in our elections process can bring down
an informational structure or render it ineffective, some of the
vulnerabilities to these types of entities is the ever-changing
face of technology. In America we are relying more and more
on technology which in itself makes us vulnerable to the wrong
element. DHS works with CIKR partners to develop or improve
consequence assessment methodologies that can be applied to a
variety of asset such as the stated ones in this discussion. The
DHS provides scenarios for possible vulnerabilities in these
areas, they asses possible damages, possible fatalities, and
assess the economic loss to the economy. These are all ways
that risk mitigation and assessment help to protect certain
vulnerable assets.
Chertoff, M. (2009).
https://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/NIPP_Plan.pdf. National
Infrastructure Protection Plan, pg1-188.
Topic 1: Student Response #2 (Respond to Skyler)
Skyler Fry
According to the National Infrastructure Protection Plan
(NIPP), the greatest risks to national security are severe
weather, catastrophic natural disasters, pandemic illnesses,
technical failures or accidents, chemical spills, acts of
terrorism, cyber-attacks, and other crimes with the intent to
disrupt essential services (U.S. Department of Homeland
Security., 2009). The energy sector is one of the most
vulnerable sectors as much of the energy infrastructure is
severely dated due to being privatized and the private
organizations only updating on a as needed basis in order to
expand their profit margin (American Society of Civil
Engineers., 2021). The risk of cyber attacks is also greater in
4. this sector than most of the other sectors due to the
exploitability available with holding power hostage. Many of
the sectors are interdependent upon another, for example if their
is a severe fuel shortage in the energy sector that would impact
the transportation sector which would in turn impact the food
and agriculture sector. The consequences involved if a sector is
damaged or destroyed include but are not limited to; major
economic and financial impact, security vulnerability, and lack
of basic necessities if not repaired or replaced in a sufficient
timeframe (Weiss & Weiss, 2019). According to the National
Strategy for Homeland Security, DHS acts as a liaison for
interagency and inter-sector cooperation to ensure that each
sector is strengthening their security in order to mitigate against
potential threats and ensuring that vulnerabilities are addressed
through various risk assessment strategies (U.S. Department of
Homeland Security., 2003).
U.S. Department of Homeland Security. (2009). National
infrastructure physical protection plan. pp. 1-105. Retrieved
from http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/NIPP_Plan.pdf
U.S. Department of Homeland Security. (2003, February) The
national strategy for the physical protection of critical
infrastructures and key assets. Retrieved
from http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/Physical_Strategy.pdf.
pp 35-82.
American Society of Civil Engineers. (2021). Energy. ASCE's
2021 Infrastructure Report Card
. https://infrastructurereportcard.org/cat-item/energy/.
Weiss, M., & Weiss, M. (2019). An assessment of threats to the
American Power Grid. Energy, Sustainability and
Society. https://energsustainsoc.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1
186/s13705-019-0199-y.
5. CJ513
Unit5 Assignment
Team Assignment Planning
Your team will be submitting a paper by the end of Unit 6
examining the nature of a specific terrorist attack. Your first
step will be, as a team, to choose one of the terrorist attacks
below and develop a plan for the successful completion of the
project. Your instructor will assign teams no later than the
beginning of Unit 5, and it will be the responsibility of your
team to complete the Assignment.
· Boston Marathon Bombing, April 15, 2013
While the team can write the project plan together, each team
member should submit a copy of the document to their Unit 5:
Assignment 2 Dropbox as an acknowledgement and acceptance
of the project plan.
Your paper should include the following sections:
● Introduction
*****● A description of the attack and the aftermath o Include
at least four characteristics specific to this attack. THIS IS MY
PART OF THE ASSIGNMENT- ONLY DO THIS PART WITH
REFERENCES.*****
● An evaluation of the motivations of the attacker(s), including
the extent to which the attack was motivated by: o Religious
beliefs o Ideological beliefs o Political beliefs
● The extent to which the attacker(s) acted as part of a terrorist
organization or group, including whether they pledged
allegiance to any group, and the associated implications
● The extent to which they may have been self-radicalized, and
the associated implications
● Lessons learned from the attack regarding the importance of
accurately understanding the nature of terrorist attacks. o
Include at least four lessons learned from the nature of the
6. attack.
● Conclusion Use at least four credible sources beyond the
assigned reading and discuss how you evaluated the credibility
of each source.
You may consult the Library, the internet, the textbook, other
course material, and any other outside resources in supporting
your task, using proper citations and references in APA style.
100 of the total points available for the team Assignment are
associated with the team submission, 30 of the total points are
associated with quality of individual contribution, and 20 points
are associated with your submission of the team evaluation form
(total Assignment points possible: 150).
CJ513
Unit 5 DQ
Topic 1: Characteristics of Right-Wing and Left-Wing
Terrorism
Discuss the various characteristics of right-wing and left-wing
terrorism within the United States. What are the similarities and
differences between the two? Do you believe that such attackers
typically belong to terrorist groups or organizations, or are they
more often self-radicalized? Provide specific examples to
support your post.
Topic 1: Student Response #1 (Respond to Joe)
Joe Cacioppo
Right-wing vs Left-wing
When examining the characteristics of right-wing terrorists,
they are composed of radicals or extremists who may fall into
either a Far Right group, or a Fringe Right group on the
classical ideological continuum. For the right-wing terrorists,
they center around the beliefs of ethnic, religious, or nationalist
7. superiority and justify violent actions as a way to reinforce their
superiority (Martin, 2018, p. 30.). Fringe right groups are
considered more extreme than far right groups and will employ
violence and feel they are being subjected to inferior groups,
religions or national interests. They tend to value power,
superiority and care about promoting their value system over
others they determine to be oppositional to theirs.
Left-wing terrorists may fall into a Left Fringe, Far Left groups
on the classical ideological continuum. In the fringe-left groups,
they use violence to justify their beliefs and feel they are at war
with an oppressive government and believe they are champions
of the poor or minority groups. In far left groups, they may be
believers in Marxist ideology and will use the democratic
process, to effect change. They may resort to demonstrations
and protests to promote reform. It is important to note, however
this style is only peaceful where civil protests are tolerated.
This style can become violent in countries that do not tolerate
protests, (Martin, 2018, table 2.3.).
In evaluating these groups on the classical ideological
continuum, the further left, or further right these groups are, the
greater the potential for violence. As the categories slide closer
to the middle, the ideologies appear to be less extreme, and both
sides tend to use the democratic process to effect change to
promote their beliefs (Martin, 2018, p. 29.) When evaluating if
such attackers belong to a certain terrorist group, organization,
or are self-radicalized, this may be answered in a variety of
ways. Each group along the classical ideological continuum
could be considered a terrorist group, an organization, or
perhaps be a lone-wolf attacker. This would require an
examination of who committed the attack, what type of attack
was used, and what their intentions were. For example, a
member of a left fringe group who became so enraged as a
result of George Floyd’s death who was protesting at a Black
Lives Matter rally and threw a Molotov cocktail at a vehicle
containing police officers could be viewed as a lone-wolf
terrorist, a criminal, or a professional agitator for Antifa who
8. his hell-bent on warring with a perceived oppressive police
force. By comparison, a similar violent attack by a fringe right
group could be generalized as a person armed with a rifle who
takes aim at government officials during a softball game, who
feels that destroying an existing government is necessary to
promote a change more suitable to his beliefs. In this instance,
the shooter would fall under a lone-wolf under the fringe right.
References:
Martin, G. 2018. Essentials of Terrorism, 5th Edition.
[[VitalSource Bookshelf version]]. Retrieved
from vbk://9781544342955
Topic 1: Student Response #2 (Respond to Travis)
Travis Reed
Good Evening Y’all
Right-wing terrorism refers to extremism response against an
apparent threat to a group's sense of specialness, value system,
and or its superiority assumption. This ideology is linked to
religious superiority or ethnonational beliefs (Windisch et al.,
2019). Rightists often try to preserve their superiority status
using aggressive and violent attacks to assert their status
(Windisch et al., 2019). They intend to return to the period of
lost glory because their value system has been usurped by
another culture or enemy group. Their justification for violence
is that their beliefs are opposed and attacked by unwanted
interests (Windisch et al., 2019). Right-wing terrorism is
usually based on nostalgic ideology. Most of the terrorist
attacks in the U.S. and abroad target Christians and fellow
Muslims who do not want to subscribe to extremist views. An
example is the 9/11 attack in which the Al Qaeda group sought
recognition by the U.S and the global community.
Left-wing terrorism is future-oriented whose goal is to conquer
an existing system or regime and implementing their ideology
of a new society (Windisch et al., 2019). Left-wing terrorism is
conducted because the group perceives themselves as oppressed
9. unjustly by a corrupt and biased government (Windisch et al.,
2019). This ethnonational group believes that they must achieve
the equality and justice that they deserve. Left-wing terrorism is
an extreme view of Marxist ideology which is idealistic. The
group justifies the use of violence because it considers itself at
war with an oppressive system.
These two groups have similarities in that they can belong to
terrorist groups such as Al Qaeda, or be self-radicalized or
belong to an organization. For instance, Al Qaeda is being
involved in various left-wing incidences such as the 9/11 attack.
In addition, they can be self-radicalized such as the attack on
students at the University of North Carolina in 2006, which was
carried out by Mohammed Reza Taheri-Azar. In addition, the
two types of terrorism use violence to emphasize or pass their
information.
References
Windisch, S., Scott Ligon, G., & Simi, P. (2019).
Organizational [dis] trust: Comparing disengagement among
former left-wing and right-wing violent extremists. Studies
in Conflict & Terrorism, 42(6), 559-580.
v/r
Reed
Topic 1: Student Response #3 (Respond to Damon)
Damon Bradshaw
Right-Wing and Left-Wing Terrorism
Right-wing terrorism is a type of organized crime carried out by
individuals or groups with different ideological beliefs such as
white nationalism, ecofascism, neo-fascism, white separatism,
often acting in response to the perceived oppression of specific
people or groups (Ravndal, 2016). On the other hand, Malkki
(2018) cites that left-wing terrorism is a movement that aims to
overthrow the capitalist system and replace it with a socialist
one and can happen within already established socialist states.
Left-wing terrorism is also known as Marxist-Leninist
terrorism. The right and left-wing clusters are alike in that they
10. participate in terrorist and criminal activities to get funds for
their cause. The difference between the two groups is that the
right-wing is driven by anti-federal, racist, and religious issues.
In contrast, socio-economic and political issues drive the left-
wing. Right-wing terrorists believe that their actions will lead
to the establishment of authoritarian governments. At the same
time, left-wing terrorism is a movement that aims to overthrow
the capitalist system and replace it with a socialist one. “Based
on a CSIS data set of terrorist incidents, the most significant
threat likely comes from white supremacists, though anarchists
and religious extremists inspired by the Islamic State and al -
Qaeda could present a potential threat as well” (Jones, 2020).
Jones (2020) noted that since 1994 the number of attacks
carried out by the left and right-wing groups had outstripped
those carried out by groups inspired by al-Qaeda and the
Islamic State. Organized groups conduct these attacks, and
rarely are they self-radicalized. The right-wing movement in the
US is likely to be influenced by a complex contagion process,
which involves the transmission of radical ideology. The use of
social media and group membership increases the spread of
radical ideology.
Malkki, L. (2018). Left-wing terrorism. In Routledge Handbook
of Terrorism and Counterterrorism (pp. 87-97). Routledge.
Ravndal, J. A. (2016). Right-wing terrorism and violence in
Western Europe: Introducing the RTV dataset. Perspectives on
Terrorism, 10(3), 2-15.
Jones, S. (2020). The Escalating Terrorism Problem in the
United States. Retrieved 30 August 2021,
from https://www.csis.org/analysis/escalating-terrorism-
problem-united-states
Topic #2: New Terrorism
Discuss the concept that Martin (2018) refers to as the New
Terrorism. How has modern extremist behavior contributed to
the development of this modern concept of terrorism? How can
11. acts of terrorism be prevented and deterred when these terrorists
do not fit squarely into the classical ideological continuum
discussed previously? Provide specific examples to support your
post.
Topic#2: Student Response #1(Respond to Angie)
Angie Georgi
Good morning Professor and Fellow Classmates:
Martin (2018) has described New Terrorism has modern
terrorists that are utilizing weapons to create as much damage
as possible while also creating the highest casualties as
possible. Extremists on their own will do whatever is necessary
to support any idea or cause, and their influence is great. So
when the combination of extremist behavior and terrorism is
presented, it becomes an even more volatile situation.
Religious ideas or causes is no longer the motive behind
terrorism, economic, social, and political views and causes are
now in the mix for motives. Because of the motive and drive of
the new terrorists, it is often more difficult to prevent acts of
terrorism. As previous stated, modern terrorists will do
whatever it takes to support their cause, so prevention and
deterrence is futile. Terrorists typically do not discuss their
plans, especially with outsiders, so this makes prevention even
more difficult. There might be a small amount of chatter
regarding possible events. However, the smaller the group, the
less the talk. September 11th, the Boston Bombings, and the
USS Cole are all examples of terrorist attacks that involved
little to no chatter that likely could not have been prevented, let
alone deterred.
Angie
Martin, G. (2018). Essentials of Terrorism: Concepts and
Controversies (5th ed.). Sage Publications
Topic #2 Student Response #2 (Respond to Elizabeth Stuart)
Elizabeth Stuart
New Terrorism refers to the morality of modern terrorists, as
12. well as their desire and ability to cause the most damage
possible. As Martin (2019) stated, New Terrorism is
characterized by cell-based organizations, desired possession of
weapons of mass destruction, either politically or religiously
vague motives, inconsistent methods of attack, utilizing the
Internet, and manipulating the media. These factors make New
Terrorism different from terrorism that took place in the 1800s
until the late 1900s. Behavior by modern extremists show a
wanton disregard for life and the desire to exact as much
damage as possible. Martin (2019) pointed out that prior to the
New Terrorism age, terrorist attacks were calculated and
targeted specific people or groups of people. While modern
terrorists may still target specific groups of people, the goal of
mass casualty has become more frequent in recent years. In
order to prevent terrorism in the new age, counterterrorism
efforts must evolve and adapt to meet terrorists’ abilities. For
example, the use of the Internet could be an advantage to
counterterrorism organizations. Technology is constantly
changing and adapting to the needs of the public. Terrorist
networks that operate online can also be infiltrated through the
Internet. While this is difficult and oftentimes time-consuming,
it is nonetheless a worthwhile pursuit.
Martin, G. (2019). Essentials of Terrorism: Concepts and
Controversies (5th ed.). Sage Publications, Inc.
Topic 2: Student Response #3 (Respond to David)
David Carusotto
Hello All,
Gus Martin describes new terrorism as a post-September 11,
2001 attack (Martin, 2018). He also describes new terrorism as
mass casualty and destruction from a terrorist attack (Martin,
2018). Martin explains that these new attacks are creative and
organized (Martin, 2018). September 11, 2001, was the
deadliest day of American history on American soil, with 2,977
13. people killed from the terrorist attacks from that day. Terrorists
are always trying to one-up the last attack, and unfortunately,
September 11, 2001, set the bar high in terms of casualties and
destruction (Gunn, 2003). Martin also describes new terrorism
as transnational religious solidarity (Martin, 2018). Broken
down, this means that people worldwide are committing
terrorist attacks on behalf of one group's religious views. For
example, if a person in America commits a terrorist attack on
behalf of Jihad because they agree with the mindset that is set
by Al-Qaeda who is based out of the middle east. With
technology constantly advancing, it is easier for those parties to
communicate and coordinate from the other side of the world.
Finally, Martin sums up new terrorism with redefined moral
justifications for political violence (Martin, 2018). Recently in
America, we are seeing attacks from groups such as Antifa
because they currently do not agree with the morals or system
that America was founded upon. Groups are justifying violence
to get their message heard.
Thank you,
Dave
Gunn, M. J. (2003, Summer). Has the threat of mass-casualty
terrorism been exaggerated? Defence Studies, 3(2), 114-120.
Martin, G. (2018). Essentials of Terrorism: Concepts and
Controversies (5th ed.). Sage.