This document summarizes renal tubular acidosis (RTA), including the different types (proximal, distal, and hyperkalemic), causes, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. There are four main types of RTA - proximal (Type II) involving impaired bicarbonate reabsorption in the proximal tubule, distal (Type I) due to impaired hydrogen ion secretion in the distal tubule, and hyperkalemic (Type IV) resulting from impaired aldosterone production or response leading to impaired potassium and hydrogen ion handling. The document outlines the characteristic features, underlying causes, and approaches to diagnosis and management of metabolic acidosis for each RTA type.

1. RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS