The document provides an overview of the Renaissance period in Europe. It began in Italy in the late Middle Ages and spread northwards. The Italian Renaissance focused on human achievements and depicted figures as idealized gods, while the Northern Renaissance focused more on Christianity and depicted figures more realistically. Both were interested in classical Greek and Roman culture and used new techniques like perspective in art. Humanism emerged, emphasizing human dignity and capability rather than only religious significance. The Renaissance marked a shift from medieval to modern thought.