Studies on the masticatory system have been conducted for decades, but so far, these studies have only recorded fixed locations or isolated mandibular positions (e.g., protrusion, excursion, etc.). The mandible is the primary moving part of the masticatory system.
Tmj instrumentation /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in
continuing dental education , training dentists
in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide
range of dental certified courses in different
formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown &
Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Design and fabrication of complete dentures using cadAamir Godil
This document summarizes research on the design and fabrication of complete dentures using CAD/CAM technology. It outlines the conventional denture fabrication process and reviews literature on different CAD/CAM approaches. The fabrication process involves digitizing models, virtually arranging teeth, designing the denture base digitally, and milling resin baseplates before bonding the dentition. CAD/CAM dentures offer advantages like fewer patient visits, improved fit and strength, reduced costs, and reproducibility. However, the summary does not discuss try-in, special occlusal considerations, characterization, or compare CAD/CAM to conventional denture bases.
This document discusses the key factors involved in developing balanced occlusion for complete dentures. It outlines five main factors: 1) Condylar guidance, 2) Incisal guidance, 3) Plane of occlusion, 4) Compensating curves, and 5) Cusp angle. It describes how each factor influences mandibular movement and must be considered in relation to the others to achieve balanced occlusion without trauma to tissues. Formulas from Hanau and Theilmann relate these five factors and how modifying one requires adjusting the others to maintain occlusion balance.
This document discusses different types of articulators used in prosthodontics. It begins by describing the basic parts of an articulator including the upper member, lower member, mounting plates, condylar analogues, condylar guidance, and incisal guide pin and table. It then discusses various individual articulators in more detail like the mean-value, Hanau, Whip-Mix, and Denar articulators. Key features and components of different Hanau articulator models are provided. Programming and mounting procedures are summarized briefly.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses establishing occlusion for removable partial dentures (RPDs). It notes that occlusion plays a major role in RPD success. Several methods are described for determining occlusion, including direct apposition of casts if enough teeth remain, making interocclusal records with wax if some teeth remain, and using occlusion rims on record bases if areas are edentulous. The goals of occlusion are outlined as occlusal harmony with remaining teeth, improving relationships if malocclusion exists, restoring vertical dimension, and correcting mandibular rotation from tooth loss. Desirable occlusal contacts include simultaneous bilateral contacts in centric occlusion and working side contacts for distal extension dentures.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document provides instructions for the denture insertion appointment. It discusses adjusting the denture base using pressure indicating paste to eliminate areas of excessive pressure. It also discusses adjusting the denture borders using disclosing wax to ensure proper extension. The document describes clinically remounting the dentures using centric relation records to correct for errors and to equilibrate the occlusion in excursions. It emphasizes the importance of patient education regarding limitations, expected tissue changes, and follow up care.
Tmj instrumentation /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in
continuing dental education , training dentists
in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide
range of dental certified courses in different
formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown &
Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Design and fabrication of complete dentures using cadAamir Godil
This document summarizes research on the design and fabrication of complete dentures using CAD/CAM technology. It outlines the conventional denture fabrication process and reviews literature on different CAD/CAM approaches. The fabrication process involves digitizing models, virtually arranging teeth, designing the denture base digitally, and milling resin baseplates before bonding the dentition. CAD/CAM dentures offer advantages like fewer patient visits, improved fit and strength, reduced costs, and reproducibility. However, the summary does not discuss try-in, special occlusal considerations, characterization, or compare CAD/CAM to conventional denture bases.
This document discusses the key factors involved in developing balanced occlusion for complete dentures. It outlines five main factors: 1) Condylar guidance, 2) Incisal guidance, 3) Plane of occlusion, 4) Compensating curves, and 5) Cusp angle. It describes how each factor influences mandibular movement and must be considered in relation to the others to achieve balanced occlusion without trauma to tissues. Formulas from Hanau and Theilmann relate these five factors and how modifying one requires adjusting the others to maintain occlusion balance.
This document discusses different types of articulators used in prosthodontics. It begins by describing the basic parts of an articulator including the upper member, lower member, mounting plates, condylar analogues, condylar guidance, and incisal guide pin and table. It then discusses various individual articulators in more detail like the mean-value, Hanau, Whip-Mix, and Denar articulators. Key features and components of different Hanau articulator models are provided. Programming and mounting procedures are summarized briefly.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses establishing occlusion for removable partial dentures (RPDs). It notes that occlusion plays a major role in RPD success. Several methods are described for determining occlusion, including direct apposition of casts if enough teeth remain, making interocclusal records with wax if some teeth remain, and using occlusion rims on record bases if areas are edentulous. The goals of occlusion are outlined as occlusal harmony with remaining teeth, improving relationships if malocclusion exists, restoring vertical dimension, and correcting mandibular rotation from tooth loss. Desirable occlusal contacts include simultaneous bilateral contacts in centric occlusion and working side contacts for distal extension dentures.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document provides instructions for the denture insertion appointment. It discusses adjusting the denture base using pressure indicating paste to eliminate areas of excessive pressure. It also discusses adjusting the denture borders using disclosing wax to ensure proper extension. The document describes clinically remounting the dentures using centric relation records to correct for errors and to equilibrate the occlusion in excursions. It emphasizes the importance of patient education regarding limitations, expected tissue changes, and follow up care.
A pantograph is an instrument used to record mandibular movements in three planes (horizontal, sagittal, frontal). It consists of two facebows, one attached to the maxilla and one attached to the mandible, connected by styli. The styli create markings on flags as the mandible moves, providing information to program an articulator to mimic the patient's jaw movements. Modern pantographs use electronic sensors and computers instead of mechanical styli and flags. Pantographic recordings provide values for setting the articulator's hinge axis location, condylar guidance angles, and determinants of occlusion.
02 occlusion in prosthodontics. balanced occlusionAmal Kaddah
The document provides an outline for a lecture on occlusion and balanced occlusion for removable prosthodontics. It defines key terms like centric relation, centric occlusion, vertical dimension of occlusion, and balanced occlusion. It explains that balanced occlusion is important for maintaining stability of complete dentures with minimal trauma. It also describes the different types of balance, including lever balance which depends on tooth position relative to the ridge, and occlusal balance which depends on tooth contact in various positions. Factors that affect achieving balanced occlusion are discussed.
The document discusses facebows, which are dental devices used to relate the maxillary arch to the hinge axis of opening and closing. A mandibular facebow can locate the exact hinge axis by using condylar rods to determine the axis of rotation. A maxillary facebow relates the maxilla to this axis and transfers it to the articulator to allow for accurate mounting. It describes how facebows help duplicate opening/closing arcs and lateral jaw movements. Common landmarks and methods for arbitrary and exact hinge axis determination are also outlined.
Centric relation is a controversial concept in dentistry that refers to the maxillomandibular relationship where the condyles are in their most anterior and superior position against the articular eminences, allowing purely rotary movement of the mandible. There have been many changes to the definition of centric relation over time as understanding has evolved. It is important for proper functioning and to develop centric occlusion in artificial dentures. However, accurately recording centric relation can be difficult due to various biological, psychological and mechanical factors that must be addressed. Common methods include using interocclusal records with or without central bearing devices as well as functional recording techniques.
Occlusion concepts in fixed partial dentures / dental implant courses by Ind...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
1. The document describes the process of using a digital impression and preliminary jaw relation record to fabricate custom trays (CAD/CAM trays) for making definitive impressions.
2. A digital impression of the edentulous jaws is taken using an intraoral scanner, and a preliminary jaw relation record is made by scanning a jig made of polymerized silicone putty placed between the jaws.
3. CAD software is used to create images of custom trays based on the digital impression and jaw relation record. The custom trays can then be fabricated using 3D printing.
Centric relation relevance and role in complete denture construction NAMITHA ANAND
This document discusses centric relation, which refers to the relationship between the mandible and skull when the condyles are in their most superior position in the mandibular fossa against the posterior slope of the articular eminence. It has gone through various changing definitions but is now widely accepted to mean the anterior-superior position. Recording centric relation is important for complete denture construction as it provides proprioceptive feedback and acts as the starting point for occlusion. There are various passive and active methods to retrude the mandible as well as intraoral and extraoral graphic methods to record the position.
This document provides an overview of orientation jaw relation, terminal hinge axis, and facebow. It defines key terms and discusses the history, controversies, and methods of locating the terminal hinge axis. Specifically:
- The orientation jaw relation refers to the relationship between the maxilla, mandible, and cranium, where the mandible can rotate around an imaginary transverse axis passing through the condyles.
- There is no consensus on the exact location of the terminal hinge axis, with some arguing it can be precisely located and others believing it is arbitrary or that multiple axes may exist.
- A facebow is used to transfer the maxillary cast orientation from the patient's mouth to an artic
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
This seminar is of postgraduate level, which will be helpful for students. The presenter has added the information from various sources and the references are quoted in the last few slides of the seminar to gather more information about the seminar.
This document discusses occlusal equilibration and selective grinding. It begins by defining the key characteristics of a stable occlusion and the signs of an unstable occlusion. It then outlines the principles, indications, goals and procedures for occlusal equilibration and selective grinding. Specific techniques are covered such as how to eliminate interferences in centric relation, achieve the centric contact position, and adjust for lateral and protrusive interferences. The document emphasizes developing simultaneous contacts between cusp tips and flat surfaces to achieve occlusal stability.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
This document discusses attachments used in prosthodontics. It begins with an introduction to attachments, defining them as mechanical devices used to retain and stabilize prostheses. The document then covers the history, classification, indications, disadvantages, and selection of attachments. It discusses both intracoronal and extracoronal attachments. In summary, the document provides an overview of attachments, their uses in prosthodontics, and factors to consider in selecting the appropriate attachment.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Interocclusal records and mounting of casts on articulator/ online orthodonti...Indian dental academy
This document discusses interocclusal records and mounting dental casts on articulators. It describes different types of interocclusal records including centric, eccentric, lateral, and protrusive records. Materials used for interocclusal records include impression plaster, zinc oxide eugenol paste, waxes, elastomers, and acrylic resins. The document outlines techniques for making interocclusal records and adjusting articulators based on the records. Accurate interocclusal records are essential for properly mounting dental casts on articulators to simulate jaw movements.
COS definition, development and treatment in orthodontics. Deep overbite and reverse curve. Different ways to level the COS. intrusion, extrusion or both.
The hinge axis is an imaginary line around which the mandible rotates in the sagittal plane. There are various theories on the location and nature of the hinge axis. Methods to locate it include arbitrary, kinematic, and modified techniques. Locating the hinge axis clinically is important for correctly recording centric relation and transferring jaw movements to an articulator. However, there are many patient and recording system variables that can affect the accuracy of hinge axis location.
1. The functionally generated pathway technique involves recording the paths of tooth movement during excursive jaw motions using wax or other materials.
2. This recording is used to develop the occlusal morphology for dental restorations like crowns, ensuring optimal occlusion during all jaw motions.
3. Studies have found that the functionally generated pathway technique results in restorations with better functional articulation compared to conventional single casting techniques, with less adjustment needed and higher patient satisfaction.
Computer-assisted orthopaedic surgery uses computer and robotic technologies to provide precision and accuracy to orthopaedic procedures. This includes pre-operative planning tools, intraoperative navigation equipment, smart tools, and remote surgery technologies. The key benefits of computer-assisted orthopaedics are improved geometric precision, reproducibility, and reduced radiation exposure compared to conventional surgery. Navigation systems precisely guide surgical tools using tracking systems and registration of pre-operative images.
Three-dimensional imaging techniques: A literature review By; Orhan Hakki Ka...Dr. Yahya Alogaibi
This literature review discusses various 3D imaging techniques used in dentistry and orthodontics. It begins by providing background on the development of 3D imaging since the discovery of X-rays. It then discusses disadvantages of traditional 2D cephalometry. The bulk of the review covers different 3D imaging modalities including CT, CBCT, MCT, 3D laser scanning, and their uses and advantages/disadvantages in orthodontics. Key applications discussed are impacted teeth detection, airway analysis, TMJ evaluation, and cleft lip/palate treatment planning.
A pantograph is an instrument used to record mandibular movements in three planes (horizontal, sagittal, frontal). It consists of two facebows, one attached to the maxilla and one attached to the mandible, connected by styli. The styli create markings on flags as the mandible moves, providing information to program an articulator to mimic the patient's jaw movements. Modern pantographs use electronic sensors and computers instead of mechanical styli and flags. Pantographic recordings provide values for setting the articulator's hinge axis location, condylar guidance angles, and determinants of occlusion.
02 occlusion in prosthodontics. balanced occlusionAmal Kaddah
The document provides an outline for a lecture on occlusion and balanced occlusion for removable prosthodontics. It defines key terms like centric relation, centric occlusion, vertical dimension of occlusion, and balanced occlusion. It explains that balanced occlusion is important for maintaining stability of complete dentures with minimal trauma. It also describes the different types of balance, including lever balance which depends on tooth position relative to the ridge, and occlusal balance which depends on tooth contact in various positions. Factors that affect achieving balanced occlusion are discussed.
The document discusses facebows, which are dental devices used to relate the maxillary arch to the hinge axis of opening and closing. A mandibular facebow can locate the exact hinge axis by using condylar rods to determine the axis of rotation. A maxillary facebow relates the maxilla to this axis and transfers it to the articulator to allow for accurate mounting. It describes how facebows help duplicate opening/closing arcs and lateral jaw movements. Common landmarks and methods for arbitrary and exact hinge axis determination are also outlined.
Centric relation is a controversial concept in dentistry that refers to the maxillomandibular relationship where the condyles are in their most anterior and superior position against the articular eminences, allowing purely rotary movement of the mandible. There have been many changes to the definition of centric relation over time as understanding has evolved. It is important for proper functioning and to develop centric occlusion in artificial dentures. However, accurately recording centric relation can be difficult due to various biological, psychological and mechanical factors that must be addressed. Common methods include using interocclusal records with or without central bearing devices as well as functional recording techniques.
Occlusion concepts in fixed partial dentures / dental implant courses by Ind...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
1. The document describes the process of using a digital impression and preliminary jaw relation record to fabricate custom trays (CAD/CAM trays) for making definitive impressions.
2. A digital impression of the edentulous jaws is taken using an intraoral scanner, and a preliminary jaw relation record is made by scanning a jig made of polymerized silicone putty placed between the jaws.
3. CAD software is used to create images of custom trays based on the digital impression and jaw relation record. The custom trays can then be fabricated using 3D printing.
Centric relation relevance and role in complete denture construction NAMITHA ANAND
This document discusses centric relation, which refers to the relationship between the mandible and skull when the condyles are in their most superior position in the mandibular fossa against the posterior slope of the articular eminence. It has gone through various changing definitions but is now widely accepted to mean the anterior-superior position. Recording centric relation is important for complete denture construction as it provides proprioceptive feedback and acts as the starting point for occlusion. There are various passive and active methods to retrude the mandible as well as intraoral and extraoral graphic methods to record the position.
This document provides an overview of orientation jaw relation, terminal hinge axis, and facebow. It defines key terms and discusses the history, controversies, and methods of locating the terminal hinge axis. Specifically:
- The orientation jaw relation refers to the relationship between the maxilla, mandible, and cranium, where the mandible can rotate around an imaginary transverse axis passing through the condyles.
- There is no consensus on the exact location of the terminal hinge axis, with some arguing it can be precisely located and others believing it is arbitrary or that multiple axes may exist.
- A facebow is used to transfer the maxillary cast orientation from the patient's mouth to an artic
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
This seminar is of postgraduate level, which will be helpful for students. The presenter has added the information from various sources and the references are quoted in the last few slides of the seminar to gather more information about the seminar.
This document discusses occlusal equilibration and selective grinding. It begins by defining the key characteristics of a stable occlusion and the signs of an unstable occlusion. It then outlines the principles, indications, goals and procedures for occlusal equilibration and selective grinding. Specific techniques are covered such as how to eliminate interferences in centric relation, achieve the centric contact position, and adjust for lateral and protrusive interferences. The document emphasizes developing simultaneous contacts between cusp tips and flat surfaces to achieve occlusal stability.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
This document discusses attachments used in prosthodontics. It begins with an introduction to attachments, defining them as mechanical devices used to retain and stabilize prostheses. The document then covers the history, classification, indications, disadvantages, and selection of attachments. It discusses both intracoronal and extracoronal attachments. In summary, the document provides an overview of attachments, their uses in prosthodontics, and factors to consider in selecting the appropriate attachment.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Interocclusal records and mounting of casts on articulator/ online orthodonti...Indian dental academy
This document discusses interocclusal records and mounting dental casts on articulators. It describes different types of interocclusal records including centric, eccentric, lateral, and protrusive records. Materials used for interocclusal records include impression plaster, zinc oxide eugenol paste, waxes, elastomers, and acrylic resins. The document outlines techniques for making interocclusal records and adjusting articulators based on the records. Accurate interocclusal records are essential for properly mounting dental casts on articulators to simulate jaw movements.
COS definition, development and treatment in orthodontics. Deep overbite and reverse curve. Different ways to level the COS. intrusion, extrusion or both.
The hinge axis is an imaginary line around which the mandible rotates in the sagittal plane. There are various theories on the location and nature of the hinge axis. Methods to locate it include arbitrary, kinematic, and modified techniques. Locating the hinge axis clinically is important for correctly recording centric relation and transferring jaw movements to an articulator. However, there are many patient and recording system variables that can affect the accuracy of hinge axis location.
1. The functionally generated pathway technique involves recording the paths of tooth movement during excursive jaw motions using wax or other materials.
2. This recording is used to develop the occlusal morphology for dental restorations like crowns, ensuring optimal occlusion during all jaw motions.
3. Studies have found that the functionally generated pathway technique results in restorations with better functional articulation compared to conventional single casting techniques, with less adjustment needed and higher patient satisfaction.
Computer-assisted orthopaedic surgery uses computer and robotic technologies to provide precision and accuracy to orthopaedic procedures. This includes pre-operative planning tools, intraoperative navigation equipment, smart tools, and remote surgery technologies. The key benefits of computer-assisted orthopaedics are improved geometric precision, reproducibility, and reduced radiation exposure compared to conventional surgery. Navigation systems precisely guide surgical tools using tracking systems and registration of pre-operative images.
Three-dimensional imaging techniques: A literature review By; Orhan Hakki Ka...Dr. Yahya Alogaibi
This literature review discusses various 3D imaging techniques used in dentistry and orthodontics. It begins by providing background on the development of 3D imaging since the discovery of X-rays. It then discusses disadvantages of traditional 2D cephalometry. The bulk of the review covers different 3D imaging modalities including CT, CBCT, MCT, 3D laser scanning, and their uses and advantages/disadvantages in orthodontics. Key applications discussed are impacted teeth detection, airway analysis, TMJ evaluation, and cleft lip/palate treatment planning.
Proposition of local automatic algorithm for landmark detection in 3D cephalo...journalBEEI
This study proposes a new contribution to solve the problem of automatic landmarks detection in three-dimensional cephalometry. 3D images obtained from CBCT (cone beam computed tomography) equipment were used for automatic identification of twelve landmarks. The proposed method is based on a local geometry and intensity criteria of skull structures. After the step of preprocessing and binarization, the algorithm segments the skull into three structures using the geometry information of nasal cavity and intensity information of the teeth. Each targeted landmark was detected using local geometrical information of the volume of interest containing this landmark. The ICC and confidence interval (95% CI) for each direction were 0, 91 (0.75 to 0.96) for x- direction; 0.92 (0.83 to 0.97) for y-direction; 0.92 (0.79 to 0.97) for z-direction. The mean error of detection was calculated using the Euclidian distance between the 3D coordinates of manually and automatically detected landmarks. The overall mean error of the algorithm was 2.76 mm with a standard deviation of 1.43 mm. Our proposed approach for automatic landmark identification in 3D cephalometric was capable of detecting 12 landmarks on 3D CBCT images which can be facilitate the use of 3D cephalometry to orthodontists.
Medical Image Processing in Nuclear Medicine and Bone ArthroplastyIOSR Journals
This document discusses medical image processing in nuclear medicine and bone arthroplasty. It provides background on nuclear medicine imaging techniques like planar imaging, SPECT, PET and hybrid SPECT/CT and PET/CT systems. It then discusses how MATLAB can be used for medical image processing tasks in nuclear medicine like organ contouring, interpolation, filtering, segmentation, background removal, registration and volume quantification. Specific examples of nuclear medicine examinations that can be analyzed using MATLAB algorithms are also mentioned.
Three-dimensional (3D) computer-assisted surgical simulation and navigation can improve the accuracy of orthognathic surgery planning and execution over traditional 2D techniques. The document reviews literature on 3D modeling techniques including cone beam CT imaging, virtual surgical planning, and methods for transferring virtual plans to surgery using splints, guides or navigation. Key benefits of 3D methods include more accurate simulation of bone movements, simplified intraoperative positioning, elimination of human errors, and improved aesthetic outcomes.
This document discusses the various uses of computers in orthodontics. It begins with an introduction to computers and their advantages over manual work. It then describes several applications of computers in orthodontic practice, including administrative, clinical, and miscellaneous uses. Specific technologies discussed include computed tomography, digital radiography, 3D imaging, digital study models, computerized tooth width analysis, cephalometric analysis software, and programs for treatment planning and visualization like Invisalign. Overall, the document provides an overview of how computers are transforming various areas of orthodontic practice and care.
Review on vibration analysis with digital image processingIAEME Publication
This document summarizes research on analyzing vibrations using digital image processing. It discusses using cameras to capture images of vibrating plates and analyzing the images using algorithms to determine resonant frequencies and mode shapes. MATLAB is used for the image processing and analysis. The document reviews several related studies on using techniques like electronic speckle pattern interferometry to characterize vibrations of plates and structures non-contact. It also presents a case study on using digital image processing to characterize the vibration of a tuning fork by measuring its amplitude response over different excitation frequencies.
An Automated Pelvic Bone Geometrical Feature Measurement Utilities on Ct Scan...IOSR Journals
This document discusses an automated system for measuring geometric features of the pelvic bone from CT scan images. The system uses patch statistical shape models and a multilevel measurement utility to determine pelvic orientation based on image calibration. It aims to help orthopedic surgeons locate damage areas and landmarks more accurately, especially for obese patients where manual palpation is difficult. The system involves experts to analyze statistical values generated from the measurements to inform treatment decisions.
Technological advances in dental implant surgeryPeriowiki.com
This document discusses recent technological advances in dental implant surgery, including computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology and computer-guided implant surgery techniques. It describes computerized tomography (CT) imaging and how CT data can be used for virtual surgical planning and fabrication of surgical guides. The document compares computer-guided implant surgery (CGIS), which uses static surgical guides, to computer-navigated implant surgery (CNIS), which allows for intraoperative modification of the surgical plan. Both techniques aim to increase the accuracy and predictability of dental implant placement.
This document discusses advances in technical aspects of deep brain stimulation surgery. It covers developments in preoperative imaging including optimized MRI sequences, stereotactic frames such as the STarFix and NexFrame systems, stereotactic atlases, planning software, and intraoperative techniques like microelectrode recordings and the use of robotics. Precise targeting and lead placement have been improved through these technical innovations.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis seen in aged or older populations. It is caused
because of a degeneration of articular cartilage, which functions as shock absorption cushion in knee joint. OA
also leads sliding of bones together, cause swelling, pain, eventually and loss of motion. Nowadays, magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) technique is widely used in the progression of osteoarthritis diagnosis due to the ability
to display the contrast between bone and cartilage. Usually, analysis of MRI image is done manually by a
physician which is very unpredictable, subjective and time consuming. Hence, there is need to develop automated
system to reduce the processing time. In this paper, a new automatic knee OA detection system based on feature
extraction and artificial neural network is developed. The different features viz GLCM texture, statistical, shape
etc. is extracted by using different image processing algorithms. This detection system consists of 4 stages, which
are pre-processing with ROI cropping, segmentation, feature extraction, and classification by neural network. This
technique results 98.5% of classification accuracy at training stage and 92% at testing stage.
Keywords — Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM),Knee
Joint, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Osteoarthritis(OA).
The document discusses the development of spatial mapping and referencing technologies for sub-surface imaging problems like retinal surgery. The goal is to create systems that can operate accurately in real-time to guide surgical tools and monitor procedures. A retinal testbed is being assembled to develop algorithms to mosaic curved retinal images, extract features for registration, and enable real-time spatial referencing between live surgery images and wide-area retinal maps. The methods being developed will then be generalized to other applications and a clinical prototype is planned within three years.
A MEMS BASED OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY IMAGING SYSTEM AND OPTICAL BIOPSY P...Ping Hsu
A fully-functional, real-time optical coherence tomography (OCT) system based on a high-speed, gimbal-less micromachined scanning
mirror is presented. The designed MEMS control architecture allows the MEMS based imaging probes to be connected to a time-domain, a
Fourier domain or a spectral domain OCT system. Furthermore, a variety of probes optimized for specific laboratory or clinical
applications including various minimally invasive endoscopic, handheld or lab-bench mounted probes may be switched between effortlessly
and important driving parameters adjusted in real-time. In addition, artifact free imaging speeds of 33μs per voxel have been achieved
while imaging a 1.4mm×1.4mm×1.4mm region with 5μm×5μm×5μm sampling resolution (SD-OCT system.)
MEMS BASED OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY IMAGING SYSTEM AND OPTICAL BIOPSY PRO...Ping Hsu
This document describes a MEMS-based optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging system and various optical biopsy probes developed for real-time, high resolution 2D and 3D imaging of in-vivo and in-vitro tissue. The system uses a high-speed, gimbal-less micromachined scanning mirror connected to time-domain, Fourier domain, or spectral domain OCT systems. Various minimally invasive endoscopic, handheld, and lab-mounted probes have been developed for specific applications. Imaging speeds of 33μs per voxel and resolutions of 5μm have been achieved. The document discusses the MEMS probes and controller that allow optimizing various parameters like resolution and speed. In-vivo and
virtual reality : the combination of human-computer interfaces, graphics, sensor technology, high-end computing, and networking to allow a user to become immersed in and interact with an artificial environment
Computer technology has significantly influenced orthodontics, from administrative applications like scheduling to clinical applications like digital imaging and treatment planning. Various software programs have been developed for tasks like cephalometric analysis from radiographs and 3D modeling from dental casts. Emerging technologies like cone beam CT and clear aligner systems using computer-aided design further demonstrate the wide integration of computers into orthodontic education, diagnosis, and treatment.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document provides an overview of surgical treatment objectives (STO) in orthognathic surgery. It discusses various methods for cephalometric prediction of orthognathic outcomes, including manual acetate tracing methods as well as computerized methods using software. Both traditional manual methods like Cohen's technique and more modern computerized programs are able to simulate orthodontic and surgical movements to predict hard and soft tissue changes and visualize the predicted postoperative profile. Accurate prediction of outcomes is an important part of the orthognathic treatment planning process.
1. There are several methods for predicting surgical outcomes of orthognathic surgery, including manual tracings, computer software programs, and video imaging.
2. Studies have found that current prediction methods tend to be inaccurate, especially in predicting soft tissue changes like lip and chin positions. Predictions often differ from actual outcomes by 2mm or more.
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2. • The masticatory system
is a functional unit
composed of the teeth;
their supporting
structures, the jaws; the
temporomandibular
joints; the muscles
involved directly or
indirectly in mastication
(including the muscles
of the lips and tongue);
and the vascular and
nervous systems
supplying these tissues.
3. • This system has been analyzed for many years, but
the methods used record statistic points or single
positions of the mandible (e.g., protrusion,
excursion, etc.). The masticatory system is, however,
dynamic, and the main component lies in the
mandible.
• Developments in digital dentistry have resulted in
mechanical articulators that simulate mandibular
movements being replaced and/or supplemented
with virtual articulators in dental computer-aided
design/computer-aided manufacturing
(CAD/CAM) systems
4. In contrast to conventional mechanical procedures, the virtual
articulator enables the visualization of three-dimensional (3D)
calculated jaw movements for specific TMJ parameters or based
on patient-specific dynamic motion data obtained using special
devices.
The main indications for the VA that have been proposed include
individualized diagnostics and avoidance of the common
problems encountered with MAs, such as creation of new occlusal
contacts, material deformation, errors during orientation and
positioning of dental casts, and difficulties simulating patient data in
three dimensions (3D).
5. Types of Virtual articulator:
There are currently two major types of VAs:
1. Completely adjustable (CA)
2. Mathematically simulated (MS).
Completely adjustable (CA) Mathematically simulated (MS).
The CA type reproduces exact movement
paths of the mandible
through the use of digital device accessories.
Indication: involves complex cases where the
morphology of the occlusal plane needs to be
assessed during mandibular movements to
avoid interferences in excursions.
In order to capture the dynamic elements of
occlusion and masticatory function, it was
necessary to use a specific device called
a Jaw Motion Analyzer (JMA)
The MS type is an average value articulator
which requires adjustment of additional
settings in order to reproduce mandibular
movements.
Indication: involves cases where reproducing
the relationship between the arches is
sufficient for planning the occlusal
morphology of the prosthesis.
Disadvantage:
• Couldn’t obtain individualized movements
• must repeat the procedures for using a
mechanical articulator, such as making
impressions, performing facebow transfer,
obtaining interocclusal records, and
mounting dental casts (limitation)
6. ❑ Based on the chosen method of data acquisition and
transfer, techniques for assembling a VA can be classified
as :
direct or indirect workflows.
- The first step in a direct workflow involves digital scanning
of the arches by means of an intraoral scanner (IOS), and
then subsequently transferring this data to the VA without
the use of analogue steps.
- The indirect workflow involves taking analogue impressions
of the arches, digitally scanning the casts mounted in a MA
by means of a desktop laboratory scanner (DLS), and then
transferring this data to the VA.
9. Understanding of mandibular movement(electromyography
coupled with jaw -tracking devices has provided much more
information of the correlation between jaw movements and
muscle activity) was considered important in:
1. This information was used in the design and setting of
articulators.
2. The design of the dentures and denture teeth .
3. Importance of jaw movements has become apparent in fixed
prosthodontics,( maintain and replace missing teeth should be
to provide patients with good masticatory
abilities)periodontics, orthodontics.
4. The diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the masticatory
system .
5. Follow up after treatment of TMJ disorders
10. Review of Jaw Tracking methods:
The extent to which jaw tracking provides a useful
research tool, a diagnostic aid, or a therapeutic monitor
clearly depends on what is being measured, how the
process is carried out, and why the information is
important To better understand differences between
various systems to record mandibular motion a review of
some recording methods presented over the years was
made.
12. Axiography
Computerized Axiography
Axiography
By locating the condylar axis, the mandibular function can be
analysed in relation to both condylar hinge axis and occlusal
relationships.
Axiographic recording procedure includes the following:
• Clutch fixation
• Analyzer bow preparation and placement
• Placement of recording arm bow
• Hinge axis location
• Recording of movements
13. Cadiax Compact
• The Cadiax compact axiographic device was designed to produce a
fast joint analysis for articulator programming and also to aid in
diagnosing the functional mandibular disorders.
• It allows computerized recording of the opening, protrusion, and lateral
tracings, and it calculates the sagittal and transversal condylar
inclination angles for the adjustment of articulators
14. Electromagnetic Articulography (EMA)
• This device measures displacements
of the structure in real time as well as
the acoustics and mechanics of
speech using a microphone
connected to the measurement
system.
• It has transmitter coils that determine
magnetic fields to collect information
about movements from sensors
located on various structures (tongue,
palate, mouth, incisors, skin, etc.).
• After measurement, the information is
passed on to a computer and read to
visualize the recording of the
mandibular movements registered by
the EMA.
15. • Computer-monitored Radionuclide Tracking
• A three-dimensional recording of
mandibular movements .
• A small and harmless radioactive source is
fixed on the patient’s skin at the point of
interest or sealed in a tooth cavity.
• Using the proper collimation, the motion of
the point source is recorded through a
gamma camera and minicomputer.
• Long-term storage on a magnetic device
offers playback, slow-motion facilities, and
data analysis.
16. Radiograph and TMJ:
The hard and soft tissue structures of TMJ have been reconstructed
by spiral and helical CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
There are previous studies that have merged these data with jaw
movement recordings by ultrafast MRI, electromagnetic tracking
device, or optoelectric measuring systems.
(Terajima et al.,2008) (Baltali., 2008)
17. MRIs disadvantages are related to
1-The high cost
2-The need for the patient to lie down during MRI imaging,
which might alter normal jaw movements.
3-It is also contraindicated to patients with pacemakers and
metallic heart valves.
(Terajima et al.,2008) (Ferreira et al.,2016)
18. The disadvantage of the conventional CT is that it shows
higher exposure values than CBCT.
CBCTs main advantage is the observation of bony joint
structures in all three planes in addition to the possible image
manipulation at different depths and three-dimensional (3D)
reconstruction. (Ferreira et al.,2016)
22. Motion Capture System Using Infrared Cameras:
(Furtado et al.,2013)
Requirements:
• 3 infrared cameras
These cameras are natively capable to find out white points
in the images, which correspond to reflective objects
(usually markers) in the scene. All cameras synchronously
take images of the scene and reduce the image data to a set
of 2D image coordinate representing the detections of the
markers. Each camera is able to capture up to 100 frames per
second, which is sufficiently high to guarantee detailed
register of lower jaw movements.
23. • 9 Markers:
A set of nine retro-reflective markers is proposed to allow
mandibular movement analysis. Eight of them are called the
secondary tracking markers and their purpose includes estimating
some morphological parameters of the mandible.
The primary tracking marker is the one primarily employed to track
the movement of the jawbone.
24. Secondary tracking markers can be fixed on skin by using adhesive
tape and a plastic support.
They must be positioned on the following regions of the face:
(1) TMJ external surface (left and right)
(2) mandible angle region (left and right)
(3) middle region between the chin and the mandible angle (left and
right)
(4) above upper lip
(5) on the forehead.
25. • A prototype soft is implemented to communicate with the
cameras and perform:
2D point identification and tracking
3D data processing
26.
27. Top view of the proposed camera setup. The left and right cameras are placed at 1 meter
distance from the subject forming an angle of 120 degrees. The central camera is positioned at
1.3 meters distance.
28. Advantages:
1- Good precision and accuracy
2- Minimum obstruction.
3- Real- time 3D reconstruction and analysis.
4- Moderate cost
5- It can give parameters of facial morphology and
automatically recognize markers.
29.
30. Magnetic motion capture Jaw tracking system:
The jaw tracking system is based on the magnetic motion capture
system with wireless resonated marker.
The resonated markers are composed of an inductor and a capacitor,
neither electric wires nor batteries inside the marker are necessary.
Therefore, the markers can be easily attached to a tooth without
disturbing the physiology. The system can be used for highly
accurate jaw tracking without magnetic shielding because it is free of
earth field noise, thus making it superior to conventional jaw
movement tracking devices.
33. Movement registration systems
1. MODJAW
• The MODJAW system uses optical scanning solution to dental surgeons
at the diagnostic and therapeutic stage.
• By simply capturing jaw motion, MODJAW models the kinematics of
patients.
• The software, designed with an ergonomic interface and touch-
screen diagnostic functionalities can provide dynamic visuals of
models in 2D and 4D, patient’s occlusion plans, dynamic mapping of
teeth contacts and automated calculation of posterior determinant
parameters (Bennett Angles, condylar slopes, Spee curve…).
34.
35. • 2- ARCUS digma
• The ARCUS digma system uses
ultrasound transmission to measure and
reproduce the jaw movements.
• Arcus Digma systems consists of a
self-contained computer with a colour
touch screen (tabletop unit) or a two-
color screen (handheld), a head bow, a
pair of ultrasonic transmitter-sensors
that attach to the mandible with a small
device called a paraocclussial clutch
and to the maxilla with a bite fork.
• KaVo’s system is an articulator-
regulated registration technique and
requires the use of a KaVo PROTAR
articulator. During the measuring time,
this articulator is “virtually” projected
into the mouth of the patient.
36. 3- Freecorder BlueFox
• This contactless system tracks a series of encoded visual patterns. First, to
measure the position of the skull, a bow with references is placed on the
ears and then, it is attached to the nose’s bridge. Another light modular
arch is attached to the jaw to capture its movement.
• Using special cameras, them patterns are captured 100 times per
second, thus achieving very high resolutions (1/1000 mm.)
37. 4- JMA Zebris
• JMA Zebris system has a customized jaw’s anchor that joins the lower
arch by means of magnets.
• Another upper arch is placed on the skull and the nose’s bridge. Both
of them have electronic sensors that measure relative distances.
• The system determines the jaw’s relative position by calculating the
flight times of ultrasonic pulses.
38. 5- Planmeca 4D jaw motion
• The system tracks and visualizes jaw movements with the
Planmeca ProFace camera feature of Planmeca ProMax 3D
Mid and Max X-ray units, showing the movements in real-time
in a 3D CBCT image.
• The camera tracks the position and movement of eight
spheres. Half of them are fixed to a bow and the others to
glasses.
• Glasses position defines skull’s movement and the bow is
fixed to the lower arch determining relative distances.
39.
40.
41. 6- SICAT JMT:
The integration of CBCT diagnostics with CAD/CAM and other
objective data from biometric instrumentation, like the SICAT JMT
(Jaw Motion Tracker), gives us an opportunity to formulate a
definitive treatment plan with a common goal: optimal oral health.
42. Advantages:
• Real condyle-fossa relationship during jaw movement can be
reproduced for any point on the mandible
• In combination with CEREC SW 4.4, accurate articulation and
functional prosthetics are now possible for the first time
• SICAT OPTIMOTION all-digital workflow, which is based on the
movement of the individual patient, reduces the amount of
adjustment and adaptation effort required for a treatment
appliance
• Completely integrated workflow allows for diagnosis and
treatment planning in a single patient appointment
43. Software SICAT Function showing the combined CBCT image
with CAD/CAM image and jaw motion tracking data
44. Combining CAD/CAM and CBCT in a single practice with complete
integration creates a magical experience for the clinician and the
patient alike. CBCT provides an opportunity to provide an objective
assessment based upon results of the 3-D image, proper diagnosis,
and higher treatment plan acceptance and increased precision in
dental therapy.
45. The introduction of digital intra oral impression in
combination with Jaw tracking/CBCT, adds the advantages
of
• Time saving
• The reproducibility of the method
(Ender et al., 2015)
46.
47. The jaw tracking system in this study consisted of a camera which can
obtain depth data and RGB data of the object simultaneously, a laptop
computer and Face shift software for data analysis and reconstruction of
the participant face.
50. 1- Jaw tracking and TMD:
The study of mandibular motion is essential to the management of TMDs. The
need to duplicate the mandibular movements extra-orally led to the employment
of various methods to record and analyze them. Patient information can be
transferred to an articulator with mounted casts and thus, mandibular movements
can be evaluated. Questionnaires, clinical and radiographic examinations,
computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are some of the
instruments used to assess TMD. However, there is a scarcity of studies on
mandibular dynamics in TMD in the literature.
51. There are several limitations concerning bite registration and articulators.
• Bite registrations are static recordings; thus, articulators are unable to record real life
dynamics of occlusion during mandibular movements.
• Another basic limitation is the lack of visualization of condyle position, which is
essential to the management of TMDs.
• There are also various difficulties with transferring the registration onto the
articulator and mounting the casts with accuracy. (Kandasamy.,2015)
52. • Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in conjunction with jaw tracking devices
enabled the virtual evaluation of the occlusion and the TMJs and helped substantially
in overcoming these problems.
• These system presenting a real, 3D simulation of mandibular movements relative to
the patient-specific anatomy of the jaw. In addition, changes in the joint space during
resting or other positions can be recorded. Thus, the system can be used as a useful
supporting tool in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of TMDs.
53. TMD Diagnosis:
Examples:
• Detection of narrowing of intra articular distance during condyle sliding
movement along the articular eminence, (especially in patients with
severe facial asymmetry)
• The reduced intra-articular distance by physical loading may be
physiological.
• However, under repeated harmful activities like biting with wide mouth
opening and para-functions such as clenching and bruxism, the
physiological threshold can be crossed, and overloading and subsequently
TMDS may result.
Chang AR, Han JJ, Kim DS, Yi WJ, Hwang SJ. Evaluation of intra-articular distance narrowing during temporomandibular
joint movement in patients with facial asymmetry using 3-dimensional computed tomography image and tracking
camera system. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2015 Apr;43(3):342-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jcms.2014.12.015. Epub 2015 Jan 7. PMID:
25648068.
54. Treatment of TMD:
The SICAT Function software can combine cone bean CT, electronic JMT
data, and digital impressions; thus, it is capable of presenting a real, 3D
simulation of mandibular movements relative to the patient-specific
anatomy of the jaw. In addition, changes in the joint space during resting
or other positions can be recorded. Thus, the system can be used as a
useful supporting tool in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of
TMDs.
55.
56.
57. Other devices may be combined with jaw tracker during
recording of mandibular movements:
e.g., Deconditioning or relaxing the mandibular musculature by
the application of TENS.
With the help of TENS, complete relaxation of the muscles was
achieved, and the mandibular musculature was induced to
guide the mandible in the physiologic position.
58. • In maxillofacial prosthetic
dentistry, the use of tracking
system with 3D facial
scanner can help to confirm
that a prosthesis is
harmonized with a particular
patient’s aesthetics through
superposition with facial
scan data, with respect to the
occlusal plane, smile line,
and midline.
• In addition, loss of TMJ
function and muscle
contraction can occur due to
the development of scar
tissue after resective surgery
in patients with cancer. A
symmetric articulator cannot
reproduce or mimic
asymmetric and
individualized jaw
movements that are
characterized by severe
deflection.
2- Maxillofacial prosthodontics:
J.-E. Kim, et al., Complete assessment of occlusal dynamics and
establishment of a digital workflow by using target tracking with a
three-dimensional facial scanner, J Prosthodont Res (2018),
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpor.2018.10.003
59. 3- Detection of Phasic
Sleep Bruxism in OSA
Patients:
• Repetitive jaw muscle activity may
lead to development of sleep
bruxism in some individuals, which
is characterized by tooth clenching
or grinding and/or mandible bracing
or thrusting.
• Until now, the size and discomfort
imposed by jaw tracking recording
devices have been a major limitation
for human sleep studies in a natural
home environment.
• Recent non-invasive and easy to use
technological innovation has made
possible the continuous data
collection during sleep of mandibular
jaw movements.(Martinot et al,
2021)
60. 4- Studies of speech difficulties:
Jaw movement patterns were examined in subjects with childhood apraxia of speech
(CAS) . A movement tracking system was used to study jaw duration, displacement,
velocity, and stability.
61. A Comprehensive Treatment
Approach For Idiopathic Condylar
Resorption And AnteriorOpen Bite
With 3D Virtual Surgical Planning
And Self-ligated Customized
Lingual Appliance. (Rahman Et Al,
2019)
5- Perform proper diagnosis for comprehensive
treatment:
62. Studies suggest that patients with ICR remain undiagnosed and
unrecognized in the orthodontic clinic owing to the poorly
understood aetiology of the disease and lack of diagnostic tools.
ICR often causes occlusal and skeletal changes, TMJ dysfunction
and pain, and maxillofacial deformities.
The treatment plan included:
(1) presurgical alignment and levelling of the teeth in both arches
(2) jaw motion tracking (JMT) to detect mandibular movement
(3) 3-piece maxillary osteotomies with mandibular reconstruction
and bilateral coronoidectomies
(4) postsurgical correction of the malocclusion.