This document discusses interocclusal records and mounting dental casts on articulators. It describes different types of interocclusal records including centric, eccentric, lateral, and protrusive records. Materials used for interocclusal records include impression plaster, zinc oxide eugenol paste, waxes, elastomers, and acrylic resins. The document outlines techniques for making interocclusal records and adjusting articulators based on the records. Accurate interocclusal records are essential for properly mounting dental casts on articulators to simulate jaw movements.
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Interocclusal records and mounting of casts on articulator/ online orthodontic courses
1. Interocclusal records andInterocclusal records and
mounting of casts on articulatormounting of casts on articulator
1
INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
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3. Introduction
The tactile or inter occlusal check record is
referred to as physiological method.The
kinesthetic sense or muscle sense helps to direct
movements of parts of body through space.
It is one of the methods of recording centric
relation . It is particularly indicated in situations
of abnormally related jaws , supporting tissues
that are excessively displaceable , large tongues ,
& uncontrollable or abnormal mandibular
movements. It is also used to check occlusion in
existing dentures & in trial dentures .
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4. Types of inter occlusal records
Centric inter occlusal records
Eccentric inter occlusal records
lateral inter occlusal records
protrusive inter occlusal records
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5. Definitions
Inter occlusal record : registration of the
positional relationship of the opposing teeth or
arches
A record of the positional relationship of the
teeth or jaws to each other.
Centric inter occlusal record-a record of centric
jaw position
Eccentric inter occlusal record – a record of jaw
position other than centric
Lateral –record of lateral eccentric jaw position
Protrusive – record of protruded eccentric jaw
position . 5www.indiandentalacademy.com
6. Factors that influence inter
occlusal records
Amount and equalization of pressure , which
depends on uniform consistency of recording
material .
Comfort of patient ,which depends on stability
& compatibility of record bases. Artificial teeth
are more compatible to mandibular movements
than occlusion rims.
An inter occlusal record with multiple points of
references made by styli or cusp tips is more
satisfactory than with occluding surfaces of wax
or non cusp form teeth.
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8. Methods of assisting the patient
to retrude the mandible
1)instructing the patient to:
let your jaw relax ,pull it back and close
slowly and easily on your back teeth
get the feeling of pushing your
upper jaw out and close your back
teeth together
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9. Protrude and retrude the mandible
repeatedly as the patient holds the fingers
lightly against the chin
Turn the tongue backwards towards the
posterior border of the upper denture
Tap the opcclusal rims or the back teeth
repeatedly
Tilting the head back while all the exercise
is carried out
Palpating the temporal and the masseter
muscles to relax them
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10. Clinically accepted methods
One hand chin point guidance technique
Dawson’s technique
Unguided technique
Tongue to palate technique
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18. Characteristics of ideal registration
material
Limited resistance before setting to avoid
displacing teeth or mandible during closure.
Rigid after setting
Minimum dimensional change
Accurate record of incisal & occlusal surfaces
Easy to manipulate
No adverse effect on tissue
Records should be verifiable
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20. Impression plaster (soluble plaster)
Type 1 modified with addition of
accelerators to decrease setting time &
setting expansion
Records are accurate , rigid after setting ,
do not distort with extended storage ,
Difficult to handle , record is brittle .
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21. Bite registration waxes
Ease of manipulation ,
Inaccurate ,unstable ,inconsistent , may
interfere with active & passive movements
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23. Zinc oxide eugenol paste
Fluidity before setting – is a critical factor
because it ensures minimal interferences with
mandibular closure during recording .
Adhesion to carriers
Rigid and inelastic after setting
Accuracy in recording occlusal and incisal
surfaces
High degree of reproducibility
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24. Brittle(vital portion may be lost by
breakage)
Sticks to tissues
Unless trimmed ,flash around the teeth
may prevent accurate seating of casts
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25. Silicone elastomers
Addition and condensation silicones
Good accuracy.stable after
setting,minimum resistance to closure
Resistance to compression of set material
which contributes to difficulty of seating of
plaster casts
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26. Polyether material
Accurate,stable to store,good fluidity,and
minimum resistance to closure .
Self curing acrylic resins
Good fluidity , but brittle , generates heat while
setting , distortion & very hard on dies.
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27. Impression compound type I
uneven softening of material,distortion and
inability to reproduce details accurately.
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28. Three general classes of records are used
to transfer maxillo mandibular relation ship
from patient to articulator
Inter occlusal records
Graphic records
Hinge axis records
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29. Inter occlusal record adjustment
The mechanical features that determine whether
an articulator can be adjusted to accommodate
inter occlusal records include
Individually adjustable horizontal condylar
guidance's
Variable controls for bennet shift
Variable inter condylar distances
Split axis condylar guidance controls
Adjustable incisal guidance control
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30. Requirements of centric relation
record
At open vertical dimension a face bow is indicated to
orient maxilla to upper member of articulator
The inter occlusal registration material must be
passive so that it does not interfere with clinical
positioning of mandible
Centric relation registration must be repeatable and
recordable
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31. Patient must be able to make eccentric
mandibular movements from centric
relation registration
Patient can voluntarily and reflexly return
to this position
The record should be verifiable
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32. Technique for inter occlusal record is divided
into 2 steps
Tentative record using occlusion rims
attached to accurate stable record bases
Inter occlusal check record with teeth
arranged for try in
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33. Technique
Seat the patient comfortably with head
upright
Contour the maxillary rim ,lip line,occlusal
plane and place notch to aid in seating
records (trial denture when used the record
material is sealed to lower posterior teeth)
Establish the vertical dimension of jaw
separation with mandible at rest .
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34. Reduce the mandibular occlusal rim to
allow inter occlusal distance
Make face bow record
Using interocclusal record material make
tentative centric relation record
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35. Adjust condylar elements and secure them
against centric stops
Mount the maxillary casts using face bow
record
Secure the centric relation record and
position the mandibular cast
Attach the cast to articulator with plaster
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36. Eccentric interocclusal record
– The purpose is to adjust horizontal & lateral
condylar inclinations so that articulator jaw
members perform eccentric jaw movements
equivalent to the relative movements of the
mandible
– These adjustments provide condylar elements
to travel to & from centric & eccentric
position & make it possible to arrange teeth in
balanced articulation
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37. Protrusive relation record
Seat the patient in comfortable upright position &
rehearse the patient to protrusive bite
Instruct the patient to protrude the lower jaw for
approx 5-6 mm from centric observe the midline.
Reinsert the trail denture and instruct the patient
to protrude the jaw and close until the upper teeth
contact the record material
Allow the interocclusal record material to set . .
Set the condylar post of articulator on 0 degree
on the lateral calibrations
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38. Release the horizontal condylar adjustments by
freeing the lock nuts .raise the incisal guide pin one
half from incisal guide table.
Place the maxillary and mandibular trial dentures in
their respective mounting casts in their articulator,
carefully relate the maxillary teeth to interocclusal
protrusive records
examine condylar elements to see protrusion is 5- 6
mm.
Using horizontal condylar lock nuts as handles
manipulate one side and then another until all the
teeth are accurately seated in record.
Secure the horizontal condylar adjustment locknuts
with finger pressure 38www.indiandentalacademy.com
39. Lateral interocclusal records
When an articulator accurately adjusts to lateral
maxillo mandibular records the additional points
of reference are valuable
The more accurate points of references supplied
in adjusting the articulator the more harmony
will exist between mandibular movements and
cusp inclines
The record is made in the same manner as the
protrusive record. Two records are required one
of right lateral and one of left lateral.
The articulator is adjusted as each record is made 39www.indiandentalacademy.com
40. Although the mechanics of making the lateral
jaw relations records appears simple it is
recognized that in complete denture
construction the procedure is difficult and
many inaccuracies occur
Hanau held the opinion that the setting of
lateral inclinations by an an anatomic record
offers no particular advantages and the
requirements can be determined on the
finished case in the mouth by the records ,
observations and interpretation of symptoms
on ridges.
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41. Hanau’s formula for lateral
inclination
L = H/8 +12
L = Lateral condyle inclination in degrees
H = horizontal condyle inclination in
degrees as established by the protrusive
relation record
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42. Review of literature
Fattore et al (1984 JPD) studied accuracy of
waxes ,zinc oxide eugenol & polyether and found
that
Polyether recording material was the most
accurate, with out carrier.
Polyether and zinc oxide eugenol paste were
second most accurate with carrier .
Recording waxes ware consistently unreliable.
Distortion occurs more frequently in a vertical
direction , followed by an anterior posterior
direction.
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43. Millestien (1985 JPD)studied accuracy of laminated
wax interocclusal record (aluminum foil
laminated between layer of wax )combined with
use of dental plaster to mount casts and
concluded that
Plaster which is most commonly used to mount
casts expands and then contracts to 0.30%.
Wax was inaccurate material even if mounting
was precise .
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44. Michael urstein et al (1991JPD)studied 3 recording
materials wax , plaster , and resin in maximum
intercuspation position (IC) and retruded contact
position (RCP) and concluded
Where a complete or nearly complete dentition is
present and occlusion is stable hand articulation
is most accurate method.
Plaster is more accurate material in recording IC
and RCP ,than either wax or resin.
Wax record is slightly more accurate than resin at
IC position and RCP. 44www.indiandentalacademy.com
45. Vergos .v.k et al(Int.JP. 2003) studied 4 inter
occlusal record materials
polyether, polyvinyl siloxane,acrylic,wax, to
record and maintain vertical relation.
Their results showed least dimensional change
with poly vinyl siloxane followed by poly ether
and wax showed highest dimensional change.
which ever material used for recording, 0.5mm
vertical discrepancies occurred when records
were transferred on casts which were clinically
significant. 45www.indiandentalacademy.com
46. Conclusion
The accuracy of inter occlusal records is
single most important factor in complete
denture construction.
Articulators are not used to their full
capabilities,its functions should be within
the understanding of the operator. It can
perform no better than the accuracy of the
inter occlusal record used.
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47. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Prosthodontic treatment for edentulousProsthodontic treatment for edentulous
patient-(8patient-(8th,th,
1111thth
, 12, 12thth
,),)
BoucherBoucher
Syllabus of Complete Denture-Syllabus of Complete Denture-
HartwellHartwell
Essentials of complete denture-Essentials of complete denture-
WinklerWinkler
Complete Denture Prosthodontics
John J SharryJohn J Sharry 47www.indiandentalacademy.com
48. Evaluation,diagnosis,and Treatment of
Occlusal Problems - Peter E Dawson
Management of temperomandibular
disorders and occlusion 4th
edition
- Jeffery P Okeson
The Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms 7th
Edition
- The Academy of Prosthodontics
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