This document provides information about referencing and citations using the IEEE style. It discusses the importance of referencing, avoiding plagiarism, and collecting citation details from different sources like books, journals, websites. It explains when citations are needed and describes the numeric citation style used in IEEE. Examples are given of citing references in text and providing the full references in a reference list, including different source types like books, articles, websites and more. Formatting guidelines are outlined for the different reference list entries.

1. “WORKSHOP ON REFERENCING”
IEEE STYLE
13th April, 2012
Organized by
Department of Information Technology
Manipal University, Dubai
Presented by
M I Jawid Nazir
Department of Information Technology

2. Agenda
Importance of Assignments
Why Referencing
Referencing Styles
When must I provide a citation?
IEEE Style
Hands on

3. Assignments and Reports
• Read widely and analyze the work of others
• Use as many sources as you can (books, journals,
newspapers, reports, web etc.)
• Read at an appropriate academic level
• Use good quality sources

4. Why Referencing
It’s good academic practice and improves presentation
It allows you to:
• acknowledge the work of others
• allows your tutor to differentiate between your own work and the work of others
and to locate the sources you have used
It allows you to demonstrate that:
• You have gathered evidence to support your ideas/ arguments
• You have used credible, good quality sources
• Have read widely
• AND have read at an appropriate academic level

6. Plagiarism
• If you do not cite + ref ideas or quotes from other authors you may be
accused of plagiarism!
•
• Plagiarism is defined as presenting someone else’s work as your
own.
• It’s academic theft!
• To avoid plagiarism you MUST always note accurately and fully the
details of all the sources you use

7. Collect details and mention in your work
Books
• Author(s)/ editor(s) name(s)
• Book title
• Publication date
• Edition (if not the first)
• Place of publication
• Publisher name
• Page numbers used
Journal articles
• Name(s) of article author(s)
• Title of the article
• Title of the journal
• Date when journal was published
• The page number(s) of journal article
• Volume and issue numbers
• Page number’s used
Electronic resources
• Web address/DOI(digital object identifier)
• Author/ title of source used
• Date of publication (if available)
• Page numbers used (if available)
• Date accessed
• Is it an e-book, e-journal, e-mail,
discussion list, blog etc.?
Conferences
• Author(s)/ editor(s)/ corporate author of
conference proceedings
• Title of conference proceedings
• Title of conference paper
• Author of conference paper
• Page numbers of conference paper
• Page number’s used

8. Cite and ref styles
• IEEE Style ( numeric)
• Harvard style (author/ date)
• American Psychological Assoc. (author/ date)
• Modern Language Assoc. (author/ date)
• Modern Humanities Research Assoc. (author/ date)
• Chicago, Vancouver & Footnote (all numeric)
**ask your tutor which system you should use**

9. When must I provide a citation?
• Quote directly: use another person’s ideas in their words
• Paraphrase: present another person’s ideas in your words
• Summarise: express another person’s ideas in fewer words
• Use ideas, theories, facts, experiments, case studies, from a source
• Adopt another person’s research method, survey or experiment design
• Use statistics, tables, diagrams etc. – not just words! (see reference list handout)

10. Numeric style
Citation
• According to Myers[1] the reason for….
The reference is presented as a footnote at the bottom of the
page or at the end of your work:
[1] Myers, D. (2008) Construction economics: a new approach, 2nd ed.,
London: Taylor and Francis, p.159

11. No citation required
• Your own ideas, theories, arguments, conclusions
• Surveys and experiments designed and carried out by you
• Your own research method
• Very basic common knowledge: i.e. Dubai in UAE
BUT
• Dubai is in the UAE and has a population of 530,000 (cite source!)

12. IEEE Style uses a notational method of referencing when referring to a source of information within
the text of a document.
In its simplest form, a citation is given in the text, consisting of a number enclosed by square brackets:
The full details of the source are given in a numerical reference list at the end of the
document:

13. Citation
1."...end of the line for my research [13]."
2."The theory was first put forward in 1987 [1].“
3."Scholtz [2] has argued that......."
4."Several recent studies [3, 4, 15, 16] have suggested that..."
5."For example, see [7]."

14. Referencing List
• [#] A. A. Author/editor, Title: Subtitle (in italics), Edition(if not the first), Vol.(if a
multivolume work). Place of publication: Publisher, Year, page number(s) (if
appropriate).
Single author
[1] W.-K. Chen, Linear Networks and Systems. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1993, pp. 123-135.
[2] S. M. Hemmington, Soft Science. Saskatoon: University of Saskatchewan Press, 1997.
Edited work
[3] D. Sarunyagate, Ed., Lasers. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1996.
More than one author
[6] T. Jordan and P. A. Taylor, Hacktivism and Cyberwars: Rebels with a cause? London: Routledge, 2004.
[7] U. J. Gelinas, Jr., S. G. Sutton, and J. Fedorowicz, Business processes and information technology. Cincinnati:
South-Western/Thomson Learning, 2004.
Three or more authors
Note: The names of all authors should be given in the references unless the number of authors is greater than
six. If there are more than six authors, you may use et al. after the name of the first author.
[8] R. Hayes, G. Pisano, D. Upton, and S. Wheelwright, Operations, Strategy, and Technology: Pursuing the
competitive edge. Hoboken, NJ : Wiley, 2005.

15. Referencing List
Conference (complete conference proceedings)
• [11] T. J. van Weert and R. K. Munro, Eds., Informatics and the Digital Society: Social, ethical and
cognitive issues: IFIP TC3/WG3.1&3.2 Open Conference on Social, Ethical and Cognitive Issues of
Informatics and ICT, July 22-26, 2002, Dortmund, Germany. Boston: Kluwer Academic, 2003.
Manual
• [13] Bell Telephone Laboratories Technical Staff, Transmission System for Communications, Bell
Telephone Laboratories, 1995.
Thesis or dissertation
• [19] H. Zhang, "Delay-insensitive networks," M.S. thesis, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada,
1997.
• [20] M. W. Dixon, "Application of neural networks to solve the routing problem in communication
networks," Ph.D. dissertation, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia, 1999.
Journal articles
• [1] E. P. Wigner, "Theory of traveling wave optical laser," Phys. Rev., vol. 134, pp. A635-A646, Dec. 1965.
• [2] J. U. Duncombe, "Infrared navigation - Part I: An assessment of feasability," IEEE Trans. Electron.
Devices, vol. ED-11, pp. 34-39, Jan. 1959.
• [3] G. Liu, K. Y. Lee, and H. F. Jordan, "TDM and TWDM de Bruijn networks and shufflenets for optical
communications," IEEE Trans. Comp., vol. 46, pp. 695-701, June 1997.

16. Referencing List
E-Book
• [1] L. Bass, P. Clements, and R. Kazman. Software Architecture in Practice, 2nd ed.
Reading, MA: Addison Wesley, 2003. [E-book] Available: Safari e-book.
• [2] T. Eckes, The Developmental Social Psychology of Gender. Mahwah NJ: Lawrence
Erlbaum, 2000. [E-book] Available: netLibrary e-book.
Article in online encyclopedia
• [3] D. Ince, "Acoustic coupler," in A Dictionary of the Internet. Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 2001. [Online]. Available: Oxford Reference Online, http://www.oxfordreference.com.
[Accessed: May 24, 2005].
• [4] W. D. Nance, "Management information system," in The Blackwell Encyclopedic
Dictionary of Management Information Systems, G.B. Davis, Ed. Malden MA: Blackwell,
1999, pp. 138-144. [E-book]. Available: NetLibrary e-book.

17. Referencing List
Journal article in a scholarly journal (published free of charge on the internet)
• [4] A. Altun, "Understanding hypertext in the context of reading on the web: Language
learners' experience," Current Issues in Education, vol. 6, no. 12, July 2003. [Online].
Available: http://cie.ed.asu.edu/volume6/number12/. [Accessed Dec. 2, 2004].
Journal article in electronic journal subscription
• [5] P. H. C. Eilers and J. J. Goeman, "Enhancing scatterplots with smoothed densities,"
Bioinformatics, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 623-628, March 2004. [Online]. Available:
www.oxfordjournals.org. [Accessed Sept. 18, 2004].
Newspaper article from online database
• [6] J. Riley, "Call for new look at skilled migrants," The Australian, p. 35, May 31, 2005.
Available: Factiva, http://global.factiva.com. [Accessed May 31, 2005].
Newspaper article from the Internet
• [7] C. Wilson-Clark, "Computers ranked as key literacy," The West Australian, para. 3, March
29, 2004. [Online]. Available: http://www.thewest.com.au. [Accessed Sept. 18, 2004].

18. 18
Abbreviations
Abbreviation
Expanded form
Ed./Eds.
editor/editors
ed.
edition
et al.
and others
no.
number
p./pp.
page/pages
para.
paragraph
pt.
part
rev.
revised
suppl.
supplement
Vol.
Volume (book)
vol.
volume (journal)

19. 19
References
• http://ieeexplore.ieee.org
• http://www.lib.murdoch.edu.au/find/citation/ieee.html
• http://www.ecf.utoronto.ca/~writing/handbook-docum1b.html
• http://en.wikipedia.org
• http://www.pagalguy.com
• http://www.plagiarism.org/
• http://www.hw.ac.uk/
• https://ilrb.cf.ac.uk/citingreferences
• http://www.ieee.org/documents/ieeecitationref.pdf
• http://www.lib.unimelb.edu.au/cite/ieee/examples.html
• http://www.essex.ac.uk/plagiarism/