It contains types, mechanism, production, advantages and disadvantages of vaccine.

1. Dr. Ambedkar College, Deekshabhoomi, Nagpur
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology
VACCINE
Presented by-
Yamini Meshram
M.Sc Sem ll

2. Content
• Introduction
• History
• Types
• Mechanism
• Production
• Advantages and Disadvantages
• Reference

3. Introduction
• A vaccine is a biological preparation that
provides active acquired immunity to a
particular disease.
• Vaccination is the most effective method of
preventing infectious diseases.

4. History
• In 1976, British physician Edward Jenner
used the cowpox (vaccinia) virus to confer
protection against small pox.
• In 1880’s, French microbiologist Louis Pasteur
developed vaccines for chicken cholera and
anthrax.

5. Types
• Live or Attenuated vaccine
• Killed or Inactivated vaccine
• Toxoid vaccine
• Subunit vaccine
• Conjugate vaccine
• DNA vaccine
• Recombinant vector vaccine

6. Live or Attenuated vaccine
• Some vaccines contain live, attenuated micro-
organisms.
• Many of these are active viruses that have
been cultivated under conditions that disable
their virulent properties to produce broad
immune response.
• Example:- Measles, Mumps,
Polio, Tuberculosis.

7. Killed or Inactivated vaccine
• Some vaccines contain inactivated, but
previously virulent, micro-organisms that have
been destroyed with chemicals, heat,
radiations or antibiotics.
• Example:- Influenza, Cholera, Hepatitis A,
Plague.

8. Toxoid vaccine
• Toxoid vaccines are made from inactivated
toxic compounds that cause illness rather
than the micro-organisms.
• Example:- Diphtheria, Tetanus.

9. Subunit vaccine
• Rather than introducing an inactivated or
attenuated micro-organisms to an immune
system, a fragment of it can create an
immune response.
• Example:- Hepatitis B, Streptococcal
pneumonia.

10. Conjugate vaccine
• Certain bacteria have polysaccharide outer coats that
are poorly immunogenic.
• By linking these outer coats to proteins the immune
system can be led to recognize the polysaccharides as
if were a protein antigen.
• Example:- Haemophilus influenza type B,
Streptococcal pneumonia.

11. DNA vaccine
• It utilizes plasmid DNA encoding antigenic
proteins that are injected directly into the
muscle of the recipient.
• In clinical testing.

12. Recombinant vector vaccine
• By combining the physiology of one micro-
organism and the DNA of the other, immunity
can be created against diseases that have
complex infection processes.
• In clinical testing.

13. Mechanism of vaccine

14. Production of vaccine

15. Advantages and disadvantages
Vaccine type Advantages Disadvantages
Live/Attenuated Strong immune response;
often lifelong immunity
with few doses.
Requires refrigerated
storage; may mutate to
virulent form.
Killed/Inactivate
d
Stable; safer than live
vaccines; refrigerated
storage not required.
Weaker immune
response than live
vaccines; booster shots
usually required.
Toxoid Immune system becomes
primed to recognize
bacterial toxins.
Subunit Specific antigens lower the
chance of adverse
reactions.
Difficult to develop.

16. Conjugate Primes infant
immune systems to
recognize certain
bacteria
DNA Strong humoral and
cellular immune
response; relatively
inexpensive to
manufacture.
Not yet available.
Recombinant vector Mimics natural
infection, resulting
in strong immune
response.
Not yet available.

17. Reference
• Judith A. Owen, Jenni Punt, Patricia P. Jones,
Sharon A. Stranford. 2013. 7 edition, Kuby
Immunology. Infectious diseases and Vaccines
17: 574-586.
• https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine

18. Thank You

19. Questions??