Hydrogel, Hydroponics, Mulching, Micro irrigation( Drip irrigation, sprinkler, bubbler irrigation, jet sprayer)

2. Presented by
Balamurugan D,
II-M.Sc. Agronomy

3. ADVISORY COMMITTEE
 CHAIRMAN : Dr. S.NATARAJAN, Ph.D.
Professor and head,
Dept. Of Agronomy
 MEMBERS : Dr. M.GANAPATHY, Ph.D.
Professor ,Dept. Of Agronomy
Dr. K.ARIVAZHAGAN, Ph.D.
Professor and head,
Dept. Of soil science and
agricultural chemistry

4. Water conservation & More crop
per drop
It is possible through
 Hydrogel
 Hydroponics
 Mulching sheet
 Micro irrigation

5. HYDROGEL
 Hydrogel are basically insoluble water absorbing
polymers designed exclusively for agriculture use by the
late 1980’s.
 it as they are commonly called as cross linked three
dimensional networked water absorbent polymers.
 It was intended to help farmers to cope with drought,
making efficient use of water in arid and semi arid
regions of india.

6. Types of hydrogel
 Super absorbent polymers
 Pusa hydrogel
 Potassium polyacrylate
Depending upon the salt content of the water one
kilogram of hydrogel can absorb water up to 500-600
times of their weight.
 Dry(granule) application
 wet (liquid) application
Rate of application-2.5kg/ha ( Cost Rs.675/kg)
Application of hydrogels

7. Findings
 Trisha Roy et al.(2019) conducted a field trial in rainfed
wheat. They concluded yield of wheat per m2 was
521.5 g for with hydrogel plots while it was 317.5 g for
without hydrogel plots. Hydrogel acts as a great soil
conditioner and not only helps to increase the yield of
wheat but also reduces the water requirement of crop
by 38% to 40%.
 Rakshith Kumar et al.(2018) conducted a field trial in
ginger. They concluded yield of ginger per plant.

8. Treatments Fresh yield of ginger per plant (g)
M1 M2 M3 MEAN
S1 - control 255.37 240.10 195.73 230.40
S2 - 2.0 kg/ha 264.19 260.88 209.21 244.76
S3 - 2.5 kg/ha 275.58 286.62 227.29 263.16
S4 - 3.0 kg/ha 278.56 290.79 239.36 269.57
S5 - 3.5 kg/ha 284.82 325.64 248.03 286.16
S6 - 4.0 kg/ha 293.30 335.60 253.26 294.05
S7 - 4.5 kg/ha 298.68 363.20 260.46 307.45
S8 - 5.0 kg/ha 305.56 368.61 264.80 312.99
MEAN 282.01 308.93 237.27
For comparing S. Em± C.D. at 5%
M 1.10 4.72
S 2.89 6.00
S at same M 5.00 10.40
M at same S 4.80 10.55

10. INTRODUCTION
 “Cultivation of plants in water”
 It is technique for growing plants without
soil. Utilizing this technology, the roots
absorb balanced nutrient dissolved in water
that meets all the plant developmental
requirements.
 Many aggregates and media support plant
growth.

11. HOW DOES HYDROPONICS WORK
Stand your plants in a plastic trough and let a
nutrient solution trickle past their roots (with the
help of gravity and a pump).

12. TYPES OF HYDROPONIC SYSTEM
 Wick System
 Water Culture
 Ebb & flow (Drain and flow)
 Drip system Recovery/ Nonrecovery
 N.F.T.(Nutrient film Technique)
 Aeroponic system
Cost for 1 acre Rs.8-25Lakh

19. Effect of hydroponic system on lettuce
 Nisha Sharma et al. (2018) conducted a research in
lettuce with different drip hydroponics systems as
compared with conventional farming system
Parameters Hydroponics system
Open Closed
% irrigation water
saving
85 90
% fertilizer saving 68 80
% productivity
increase
200 250

21. INTRODUCTION
Protective covering, as of straw,
compost, or plastic sheeting, spread
on the ground around plants to
prevent excessive evaporation or
erosion, enrich the soil, inhibit weed
growth, etc.

22. MULCHING MATERIAL
Organic residues:
Grass clippings, leaves, hay, straw, kitchen
scraps, shredded bark,whole barknuggets,
sawdust, shells, woodchips, cardboard,
shredded newspaper, wool, animal manure etc.

23. Compost:
Fully composted materials are used to avoid
possible phytotoxicity problems. Materials that
are free of seeds are ideally used, to prevent
weeds being introduced by the mulch.
Rubber mulch: Made from
recycled tire rubber.

24. Plastic mulch:
crops grow through slits or holes in thin
plastic sheeting. This method is predominant in
large-scale vegetable growing.
Disposal of plastic mulch is cited as an
environmental problem.

25. Living mulch:
Groundcovers are plants which
grow close to the ground, under the main
crop, to slow the development of weeds
and provide other benefits of mulch

26. Findings
 Mamtha kumari. (2017) conducted a field trial in
cucurbits. They concluded yield of cucurbit was
 Dadheech et al. (2018) conducted a field trial in
watermelon. They concluded yield of watermelon
Treatments Yield (Q/ha)
Traditional cultivation 109.14
Straw mulch 118.03
Plastic mulch 136.84
Treatments Yield (t/ha)
Traditional cultivation 21.59
Straw mulch 24.37
Plastic mulch 34.37

28. INTRODUCTION
 Frequent application of small quantities of
water directly above and below the soil
surface; usually as discrete drops,
continuous drops, tiny streams, or
microspray; through emitters or applicators
placed along a water delivery line.
“To irrigate and fertigate the plant instead of soil.”

29. TYPES OF MI SYSTEM
 Surface
 On-line drip systems
 In-line drip systems
 Micro-jets
 Micro-sprinklers
 Subsurface drip Irrigation system

30. DRIP IRRIGATION
 Also known as trickle irrigation or micro irrigation
 To apply sufficient moisture to the root of the
crops- prevent water stress
 A major difference between drip system and most
other systems is that the balance between crop
evapotranspiration and applied water

31. SURFACE DRIP IRRIGAION
 Water is applied at the soil surface as drops or small
streams through emitters.
 Cost for 1 hectare is Rs. 60,440/-

32. Findings
 Narendra agarwal et al.(2018) conducted a field
trial in tomato. They concluded yield of brinjal was
426.75(q/ha) drip irrigation while it was
230.72(q/ha) in farmers practice
 Singandhupe et al. (2008) conducted a field trial
in sugarcane. They concluded yield of sugarcane
was 159t/ha in drip irrigation while it was
132.6t/ha in furrow method irrigation. Drip
irrigation saved 42.6% irrigation water.

33. SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGAION
 Application of water below the soil surface through
emitters, with discharge rates, generally, in the same
range as surface drip.
 Cost for 1 acre is Rs. 40,000/-

34. Findings
 Gunarathna et al.(2018) conducted a field trial in
sugarcane. They concluded yield of sugarcane was

35. BUBBLER IRRIGATION
 Bubbler irrigation is the application of water to flood
the soil surface using a small stream or fountain.
 The discharge rates for point source bubbler emitters
are greater than for drip or subsurface emitters. (3.785 l
min-1 ).
 Suitable for controlled irrigation of trees having high
water requirement.

36. JET, SPRINKLER AND SPRAY
SYSTEMS
 Application of water by a small spray or mist to the soil
surface.
 Travel through the air
 Referred to as micro or mini sprinklers.
 Operate at low pressure and apply water at rates higher
than drip.
 Wet a larger soil surface area
 Jets have no moving parts
 Micro sprinkler systems, include moving parts which
enables them to discharge water over a larger area than
jets

37. Cost for 1 hectare Rs. 10,000-25,000/-

38. Findings
 Dinara seidazimova et al. (2016) conducted a field
trial in carrot. They concluded yield of carrot was
30.7(t/ha) with sprinkler irrigation while it was
26.4(t/ha) with furrow irrigation. Saving of
irrigation water is 17.84% with sprinkler irrigation.

39. Conclusion
 Percentage of water saving from different technology
as compared with conventional farming system