Recent Essay Topics For Competitive Exams

Recent Essay Topics For
Competitive Exams
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Recent Essay Topics For Competitive ExamsRecent Essay Topics For Competitive Exams

Fannie Mae
Table of Contents
Introduction.....................................................................................................3
History...........................................................................................................3
Business Method and Philosophy...........................................................................4
Corporate Growth and Diversity............................................................................6
Conclusion......................................................................................................7
References......................................................................................................8
Figure Chart 1................................................................................................10 Fannie Mae Fannie
Mae is a leading mortgage company and one of the most financially successful businesses within its
industry. Given the salient features of the organization that has culminated into its current standing,
this report offers a brief but concise overview of the corporation. The organization began as a part
of Roosevelt s New Deal, a program ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A community credit union is a financial cooperative operating to lend money to its members.
The constituents of a mutual organization put money into a collective, where it may then be
disbursed to members in need of loans, at agreeable rates and with good terms. By eliminating
the need to turn a profit, mutual organizations are able to give lower rates on loans than
traditional banking organizations. The sub prime lenders are considered, in some instances, as a
last resort since they tend to give loans to people with a very low credit scores or an otherwise
extremely high risk of default. This type of lender offers loans at exorbitant interest rates as a way
of covering losses from the high default rate they experience with their borrowers. Fannie Mae
does not hold onto all of the purchased mortgages. It will take the individual loans and package
them up with hundreds of others and market them as mortgage backed securities (MBS) that it then
sells to investors (for example, insurance companies, pension funds). Fannie Mae provides a
guarantee to these investors that they will receive timely principal and interest payments, no matter
what happens with the underlying mortgages. If there are large numbers of defaults, Fannie Mae
will have to make the investors whole, utilizing tax dollars. Investors can also buy shares
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

General Surgeon Research Paper
A general surgeon is a surgeon has irregular hours(this is normal for a general surgeon), a general
surgeon has to be able to stand for long periods of time and surgeons have to be able to deal with
the emotional stress the comes with the job. First, the surgeon will have irregular hours(this is
normal for them) like on Monday the surgeonwill work 2:00 am to 8:00 pm then they will have to
go in(this all can change if the surgeon wants,the surgeon can get put on call where if a person
needs immediate surgerythen the surgeon will have to get there and do the surgery) on Tuesday
the surgeon might have to be in there at 12:00 am to 11:00 pm. so the surgeons have to be use to
this. Second, the surgeon will have to be able to stand for long periods of time... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The surgeon has to have excellent eyesight because the surgeon has to notice the smallest detail
while working on a person because they might miss something or mess something up. The
career cluster to this career is Health Science and Therapeutic Services. The Holland for this
career is Investigative,Realistic and Social for this career. A surgeon must take science classes
and math classes to become a surgeon. The MD also has to go through at least 14 years of
college then if they choose, the MD can choose to got to med school for more years than that. A
major career that will sound the best is becoming a general surgeon. The wage or salary that a
surgeon makes is $206,770 dollars. A surgeon s setting is, in a hospital, surrounded by nurses,
patients, patient s family members and newborn children. A surgeon will work in a hospital,
where the surgeon wants to work. The outlook for this career is increasing. Becoming a surgeon
is traditional for women and men to become. A related career to a general surgeon is a surgeon. To
all the surgeon s out there, did you know that there are nine types of surgeons, these surgeons each
have there own thing to do at work. Thank you to all

The Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Deficiency on Rye...
Introduction
Plants grow and reproduce and in order to do so they need certain resources. Both external and
internal resources partly determine the plants development. Common resources are water, space
and nutrient obtained from either the plant s environment or food. They get sugar through
photosynthesis using water, light, CO2 and other necessary nutrients. Plants require nutrients to
build molecules so reactions can take place that are required for the plant growth, maintenance and
reproduction (Rush, Gladilina and Condy 2014). These nutrients usually are taken up by the plant
through their roots and leaves. Nitrogen is the most important nutrient to plants, as it is a
macronutrient and needed in large amounts for plants (Rush, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The purpose of this research is to find out how nutrients, such as phosphorus and nitrogen affect
plant growth. To find out how the plants are affected by growth in the different nutrient treatments.
With the results found, what does this suggest about how people should fertilize the soil in which
people grow food crops. Using the species of grass rye, the research investigates the effect of the
absence of nitrogen and phosphorus.
By using three different treatments, a full complement of nutrient, a full complement without the
most important nutrient, Nitrogen and a full complement of Phosphorus, the length of the root and
shoot and the biomass are observed and analyzed. If nitrogen was deprived from the rye seedlings
growth process then the biomass, shoot length and root length will be affected more than depriving
the rye seedlings from phosphorus. The null hypothesis would be, if rye was deprived the nutrient
phosphorus, then it would have a larger effect on the rye seedlings shoot length, root length, and
biomass than depriving the plant from nitrogen.
Materials and Methods
Obtain a planting container. Cut one paper towel in half, fold and place on the bottom of the
container. Cut a layer of cotton to fit at the bottom of the container and place it on the paper towel.
Use the other half of the paper towel, fold and place it on top of the cotton. Add 30 ml of the media
solution into the container and allow the

Henrik Ibsen s A Dollhouse
Henrik Ibsen s A Dollhouse
A Dollhouse is Henrik Ibsen s best known realistic problem play. It is about the debt a wife hides
from her husband, and the escalation of problems surrounding it occurring around Christmas. The
play shocked many viewers because it broke many cultural stigmas at the time. The names,
symbols, and dialogue all contribute to the overall impact of the play.
According to the article, Henrik Ibsen Biography, Ibsen was a playwright born in Skien, Norway
as the oldest of five siblings to Knud and Marichen Ibsen. At the age of 8, Ibsen s parents went
bankrupt, and moved the family ... to a rundown farm near town. At 15, Ibsen worked as an
apprentice to a pharmacist at an apothecary, and used his free time to write poetry and paint.
Ibsen moved to Christiania (later called Oslo), in 1850 where he was offered the job of writer and
manager of the Norwegian Theatre in Bergen. In 1862, Ibsen left Norway, and moved to Italy,
and later Germany in 1868, where he wrote many realistic plays such as Peer Gynt and The Pillars
of Society. He wrote his most famous play, A Dollhouse, in Germany in 1879. After moving back
to Norway in 1891, Ibsen wrote more self reflective plays such as The Master Builder and When
We Dead Awaken. After having a series of strokes in 1900, Ibsen died May 23, 1906 ( Henrik Ibsen
Biography ).
The names of the characters in Ibsen s A Dollhouse and the name of the play itself tells a lot about
the play. According to anthology editors, Edgar V.

Questions On Unitedlayers-Services
UnitedLayers Services Overview v0.1 webpage color bandContentWords
Blue bandAPP COMPLEXITY OUR DEXTERITY
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SIMPLIFY APP OPS RADICALLY
Round the clock, proactive, global operations
Consummate lifecycle management
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LearnABSOLUTE RELIABILITY IN SERVICE OF APPLICATIONS
We provide Application and Performance Management services for a wide gamut of applications,
some of which are the following: SAP Business Suite, Oracle (JD Edwards EnterpriseOne,
Enterprise, e Business Suite), and Microsoft (Office 365, CRM, Dynamics Suite, SharePoint,
Exchange).
For Microsoft Office 365, we cater to the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We handle all aspects of application migration inclusive of hybrid component configuration, access
and identity setup, the design of solutions, and identification of prerequisites. When you migrate an
existing application to our environment, we enable you to upgrade to the latest version of the
application and customize the application.
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We have in mind that your business is continuously expanding. So, we have arranged for
supporting infrastructure and hardware resiliency. You are at a fiscal gain due to scalability
advantages of our cloud based service while having a private environment.
If you have finalized to move to the cloud, we can handle your organization s connectivity with a
hosted platform that can be easily accessed. We deploy your environment on any of the cloud
platforms that has a leading position in the contemporary era. Also, your users become able to
execute workflow automation and system integration.
ROUND THE CLOCK SERVICES
Our technicians assure worldwide services on a 24 Г— 7 Г— 365 basis. They provide support for
SQL file streams, search, web apps, and third party add ons. For service affecting, critical events,
they guarantee a response time of 60 minutes.
ADDITIONAL SERVICES

For Microsoft or similar applications, we

Three Years She Grew And There Will Come Soft Rain
Most people never understand the importance of literary devices. In almost every poem these
devices are used portray things in different ways. In most poems you can see similarities through
the literary devices used by the author. The three poems, Three Years She Grew by William
Wordsworth, There Will Come Soft Rain by Sara Teasdale, and The Sound of Night by Maxine
Kumin, the only similarity to the common eye is nature, but if the reader analyses more in depth,
they will be able to see they all use literary devices to explain how humans interact and balance
powers differently throughout their coexistence with nature. In the first poem, Three Years She
Grew , nature is like an overprotecting mother figure. Nature has all the power over this young
girl and uses this power to shape her into a beautiful young women. The quote, And beauty born of
murmuring sound Shall pass into her face shows how nature gave the gift of beauty to this girl,
because nature cares deeply for her like a mother would (Wordsword29 30). The main literary
device that Wordsworth uses metaphors, he is metaphorically using nature as a mother figure. This
is also represented in the lines... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Kumin describes nature as alive and noisy at night and more calm and peaceful during the day.
One of the lines that shows this is, Wide lipped, noisy as ducks, drunk on the boozy black, gloating
chink chunk , the author uses onomatopoeia to create a vivid atmosphere of sounds. In this poem,
unlike the other, humans and nature have a balanced relationship where they live in harmony
together. They live in peace with no overpowering side that wants to control the other. Maxine
Kumin uses the devices like onomatopoeia and imagery to display a sense of unison between the
humans and nature, showing how the power of literary devices can create any type of relationship
depending on how the author applies

The Law Of The Land
The United States has been a country whose slogan is the Land of the Free . O, beautiful the
patriot dream a dream of those who wanted freedom and rights established in 1789. The United
States has since outlined its government, policy, and laws using the Constitution. This Constitution
was first signed by 39 delegates and created a foundation for which the country to abide by. Surely
with 39 men, there were bound to be differing ideas on how to interpret this document. The way
one interprets it to make rulings can be classified into Judicial Philosophy and ideology. With this
and the Judiciary Branch, the United Statescan make well informed decisions on laws and statutes.
Judicial Philosophy is simply how one a judge understands... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Now, when decisions boil down, there are nine justices that vote using their own Judicial
Philosophy and ideology. These are the supreme court justices. Each usually has either a
conservative or liberal ideology and base their theories accordingly. Ideally, all would have a
conservative original intent approach. This would allow restriction of federal overreach and
eliminate the need of a mass of new policies. The combined approach would keep the
government similar to what the Founding Father s had created. Undoubtedly, justices over the
years have frequently looked to the intent of the framers (E W 23). This creates more
opportunities for individual states to create laws instead of a nationwide policy. By participating
in this approach, individual people would have more of an impact on the law instead of few
representatives. An example of a court that had this approach was the Rehnquist Court that was
in place 1986 2005 (SN). Rehnquist Court made decisions on protecting the framer s intention
based on text like the case Hustler Magazine v. Falwell (1988) which ended in protecting the
cartoonist as it was freedom of speech (E W 23 24). There are times when compromise needs to
be made. Admittingly, a larger central government is sometimes needed in order to aid its citizens.
Notably, during times such as the Great Depression and in the 1930 s. A consequence of having a
more

Key Features Of Using Java
Create a 3 5 page report covering the role of Java in industry today compared to C# and Objective
C. Your report should cover:
What are the advantages and disadvantages of Java as compared to the other two?
Your report should include a use case describing the career path of a Java developer in the IT
industry. What can one expect to be doing as an entry level Java developer? What can one expect
to be doing as a senior level Java developer? What are the expectations in the journey between those
two positions?
Java is an object oriented programming language and is considered as global standard for
developing various types of networked applications. This helps to keep the system flexible,
modular and extensible. The key features of using ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Java is a platform independent language that makes it very distinct from other languages. The
platform independent quality of java makes it very beneficial for the enterprise. One of the main
features of java development is that it uses stack allocation system for data storage. Java is a
highly secure language and is user and developer friendly. Apart from this, an enterprise can also
reuse the code for developing any other applications on Java platform and these applications are
dynamic in nature.
C# and Java offer common syntax and were developed to reduce the coding bugs that are present
in C and C++. C# uses Visual studio as the programming platform and Java uses eclipse IDE and
several others. C# is used in personal digital assistant and mobile devices utilizing the .net
compact framework. This framework supports different programming languages making it
compatible across various platforms. C# and Java are considered almost similar by the industry
professionals and can be used for database programming, web applications programming, desktop
application programming etc. Objective C is an object oriented programming language that is
used for mobile based application i.e. iPhone and iPad, it may be safe to say that it is Apple
product only. C# could be classified as windows platform only. However, Java is a programming
language that is offered across all platforms, thus making it a product for anyone and everyone that
wants to develop something for

Key Events in the Civil Rights Movement Essay
The Civil Rights Movement started with The Montgomery Bus Boycott. The Boycott officially
started on December 1, 1955. Rosa Parks was an Educated women and she attended the laboratory
school at Alabama State College. Even with that kind of education she decided to become a
seamstress because of the fact that she could not find a job to suit her skills.
Rosa Parks was arrested December 1955. Rosa Parks Entered a bus with three other blacks and
sat on the fifth row. The fifth row was the first row the black could occupy. After a few stops later
the rows in front of them where filled with whites. According to the law at the time blacks and
whites could not occupy the same row. There had been one white man left with out a seat. The bus
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The MIA was hopeful that the meeting would go well and the boycott would end. The city officials
refused and also made announcement that any cab driver charging less then 45cent would be
prosecuted. Which before the cabs where charging 10cent the same amount of charge the buses
charged. Which gave thousand of black no way to get to work? The MIA made a private taxi
service which had blacks with cars pick up blacks without.
King?s home was bombed. Also Nixon?s home was also bombed. After that they turned to the
law. The whites arrested blacks for any minor traffic violation possible. No matter the problems
they faced they did not break down. They took it all the way to the federal courts. November 13,
1956, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the federal court s ruling, declaring segregation on buses
unconstitutional. The Montgomery Bus Boycott was officially over. Although the boycott was over
the whites did not take this lightly. There was a series of bombings, threats and attempts to scare
blacks off busses.
The first Sit Ins happen when four black men entered F.W. Woolworth Company store in
Greensboro, North Carolina, purchased some school supplies, then went to the lunch counter and
asked to be served. One of the students said We believe, since we buy books and papers in the
other part of the store, we should get served in this part. They sat there until the store

Thin Layer Chromatography ( Tlc )
Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is a technique used to identify components within a
compound and determine the compounds purity. The purpose of this experiment is to
determine what solvent works the best at separating the different pigments of the paprika
extract. The solvents used to develop the plate are hexane and methyl tert butyl ether (MTBE),
as well as three mixtures of the two solutions (5% MTBE in hexane, 10% MTBE in hexane, and
30% MTBE in hexane). Hexane is a non polar alkane that is used as a solvent for many different
things and MTBE is a polar ether that is used as a fuel additive. In this experiment, five TLC
plates were set up and ran in each of the five prepared solvents. There are four steps when
performing TLC which include: spot (touch the capillary to the plate briefly so the compound
runs out and forms a small spot on the plate), develop (choose a solvent to develop the plate, then
place the slide in the developing chamber), visualize (when the solvent reaches the stop line,
remove and visualize the data), and calculate (measure the distance between the spot and start
line to calculate the Rf values). Rf= Distance traveled by spot Distance traveled by solvent
Procedure Extraction of carotenoids from paprika powder. First weigh out 0.5 g of paprika
powder and place it in a 50 mL beaker. Then add a magnetic stir bar to the beaker and 5 mL of
methyl tert butyl ether (MTBE), allowing it to stir for 5 10 minutes. Vacuum filter the solution

Cyber Warfare And Its Effects On The World
Boom! The kinetic effect of a two thousand pound GBU 31 military designated MK 84 bomb,
possibly with a BLU 109 penetrator on the nose cone with an embedded global positioning
system guidance kit provides obvious visible damage somebody, or something, just fractured
into smaller pieces. The same is not necessarily the case with bellicose actions in the cyber
dimension at least not at first look. Senior leaders as a whole have largely ignored cyber warfare
s catastrophic potential due to the initial invisible physical effects and huge costs associated with
protecting our systems and information. As our reliance on technology grows as exponentially as
the technology improves, more people are finally showing an awareness of the silent boom s threat
and its actual fracturing potential, in part due to protagonists like Richard A. Clarke and Robert K.
Knake and their continued warn of cyber wars devastating potential for first, second, and tertiary
effects.
Clarke and Knake use a mixed method research approach in Cyber War to support their hypothesis
that offensive prowess is meaningless without solid defense in cyberspace, and that the United
States need immediately fix our defensive cyber shortfalls, or face apocalyptic doom. Specifically,
the authors define cyber war as actions by a nation state to penetrate another nation s computers or
networks for the purposes of causing damage or disruption. This infers that they are really talking
about warfare and

Southwest Regional Youth Sports
4.0 Market Analysis Summary
There are 75,000 children in the Southwest Riverside County area between six to 14 years of age.
The following is the associated age group percentages seen:
35% Ages 6 8.
32% Ages 9 11.
33% Ages 12 14.
Currently, only 12% of 6 11 year olds in the Southwest areas participate in any form of organized
activity or sports. More importantly, less than 3% of girls of the same age group are involved in
any type of organized sports or associated programs. The current age associations provides
Southwest Regional Youth Sports Programwith great opportunities to have major impacts on more
than half of our targeted age groups beginning at the youngest ages. This will have a tremendous
impact on the success of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At each location, there will be a collection kiosk where the forms can be dropped off and a return
address with pre paid shipping labels.
5.1 Competitive Edge SWOT Analysis
Southwest Regional Youth Sports competitive edge has multiple facets. The first and most
important facet of the program is the support of the community and the public resources already
allocated to help in building a successful athletic and educational program that will have a positive
impact on the attitude and health of the area s children.
The school district has committed to assisting in initiating and helping to develop the sports
program. Each of the area s elementary, middle and high schools will utilize their schools team
name and mascots in association with the region that the team is placed. Sport and program
participation will be promoted in the classrooms and volunteer coaches will be allowed to visit
classrooms and speak to the children on set days throughout the school

Secondhand Smoke Is Unhealthy For Everyone, Especially For...
Secondhand smoke is unhealthy for everyone, especially for young children. Children are more
susceptible to suffer the detrimental health effects of secondhand smoke because they breathe in
more air than adults due to their size and weight. In addition, children are constantly growing and
developing. During their development stage, children are more sensitive to the consequences of
secondhand smoke, which is ultimately dangerous to their immune and respiratory systems.
Furthermore, secondhand smoke is significantly harmful to children with asthma, which is a chronic
health condition whose symptoms include coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Children,
both with and without asthma, are powerless to protect themselves from the dangers of secondhand
smoke, so we the adults have to protect them. Secondhand smoke, also referred to as environmental
tobaccosmoke, primarily comes from cigars and cigarettes The effects of breathing in secondhand
smoke is equivalent to smokinga cigarette. In addition, the chemicals released by cigarettes and
cigars contain many poisons, such as benzene, butane, ammonia, toluene, and hydrogen cyanide
(American Lung Association). These poisons from secondhand smoking are prevalent in children s
surroundings, causing them to breathe these toxins in homes, day cares, and cars. Children who are
exposed to these toxins are at an increased risk for sudden infant death syndrome, acute respiratory
infections such as bronchitis and pneumonia, otitis

Privatization Of The National Economy Of Pakistan
PRIVATIZATION IN PAKISTAN
Name : Tehweel Zehra Jafri
Std Id: 16966[Student Name
Date of Submission: 10th April 2015
Instructor : Sir Nabeel Latif
Privatization in Pakistan
Privatization can be defined as transfer of ownership of business or property to private companies
from the government. When any public company becomes private, then in that company the
investor cannot purchase a stake.
In Pakistan, the process of privatization was a program of policy measures in the economic period
of Pakistan. The Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif has first conceived and implemented the idea of
privatization, in order to enable the nationalized companies and industries towards market economy.
It has initiated 1989 90 immediately just after the economic collapse of Soviet Union. The program
has visualized and envisaged, to enhance the growth of GDP of the national economy of Pakistan
(Khan, 2010).
Objective of Privatization:
In Pakistan, since 1991, the privatization has been promoted (Khan et al., 2011). The two main
factors behind privatization were the increasing popularity of the market economy and the
globalization.
Create Opportunities for the Private Sector
The first objective of the privatization is to create better opportunities for the private sectors of
Pakistan, for modernization and promoting expansion.
Improve Productivity and Profitability
By improving of productivity and profitability, would contribute to the better reputation and image
of Pakistan at the

Analysis Of King s Glory O Brien s History Of The...
When adolescences experiences life changing moments it is difficult to cope with because they are
still going through a process of self discovery. Teenagers tend to think the situations they experience
could negatively impact them for the rest of their lives so any guidance they receiver will comfort
them. The literature young adults are exposed to impacts their thoughts while emotionally
resonating with them. Young adult novels have the power to inspire teens to become better citizens
or they can serve as a piece of hope when they are feeling at their lowest. Suggesting novels to
young adults that discuss topics such as mental health, specifically suicideand the effects it has on
the family and friends of the people who committed... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In Thirteen Reasons Why, Clay receives tapes from his deceased friend and high school crush
Hannah Baker. The tapes create a panic stricken atmosphere because with the tape, the characters,
specifically Clay, actually hear Hannah s voice explain why she has given up. Similarly to the
sketchbook, the tapes give Clay insight on why Hannah committed suicide while describing the
pain she was going through. Through the sketchbook and the tapes the reader is exposed to the
hurting emotions the suicidal characters endured. It is clear that Hannah as well as Glory s
mother were depressed and were strongly impacted by the people around them. Through Hannah s
tapes Clay realizes the horrid encounters Hannah had and because of the sketchbook Glory learns
about the suffering her mother was going through while living her everyday life. Being exposed to
these pieces of literature reminds teenagers that their peers could be going through similar
situations, creating awareness of the issues that could arise in a person s life. The passages in both
the books also emphasize the emotions Clay and Glory went through while they were trying to
understand why the people they love committed suicide. With that being said, another concept
highlighted in these novels is the impact suicide could have on the people who were connected to
the individual who passed. Glory constantly thinks about the suicide of her

Compare Thistles And The Daffodils
Poetry Comparison Essay
Today I will be comparing Thistles by Ted Hughes and The Daffodils by William Wordsworth in
this essay.
In the poem Thistles , Ted Hughes describes the life cycle of the thistles, and how difficult is to
rid them for good. The poem does not have a rhyming pattern but uses much alliteration, and
conveys a negative mood, one that is aggressive and violent. In the second poem, Daffodils , it is
the contrary, embracing the speaker with glee and happy thoughts. In such a joyful company of
flowers, a poet could do nothing but be happy. The main difference between these two poems is the
sense of mood, one poem being the contrary of the other.
In the first poem, Thistles , Hughes uses alliteration such as the hoeing ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The poet further emphasizes the fierceness of the thistle by likening them to the Vikings,
legendary Scandinavian warriors. The final stanza explains how, when the thistles grow old and
are cut down, they fight back even more strongly because their seed pods burst and spread new
seeds (their sons ) over the territory which had been cleared, consisting of parent plants.
In the second poem, The Daffodils , the title straightaway gives a positive feeling and vibe to the
reader, contrary to the poem Thistles , which leaves readers in a negative state purely based on
the word thistles . This poem is fairly simple to understand and is considered one of the loveliest
and most famous in the Wordsworth canon, visiting the subjects of nature and memory. In the first
stanza of the poem, the speaker uses first person to personalize what he says and to give more
depth and meaning to his words, and is compared metaphorically to a natural object, a cloud. The
speaker is then shifted into a tremendously happy tone when he describes the host of golden
daffodils , using descriptive imagery when saying that they were

The Four Humors And Their Influence Through Time
The Four Humors and Their Influence Through Time Greek Antiquity was a time of some of the
greatest minds of all time, such as Plato and Aristotle, leading to many inventions and ideas that are
still relevant today, from hydraulics to astronomy. One of the most influential realizations, however,
came from the mind of a man named Hippocrates, as he began the real start of the practice of
medicine. Hippocrates of Cos, a physician in ancient Greece, is considered to be the father of
medicine due to his many contributions to the field in his life. Through research and different
experiments he was able to conclude many different principles, including on of the most important:
the four humors. By observing reactions to different illnesses, sometimes leading the patient to die,
he was able to develop the theory. His theory of the four humors was that the human body was
filled with four basic substances, or humors, that when in balance indicate the person is healthy. If
there was too little or too much of one of the four, a disease or disability would result. The four
humors of Hippocratic medicine are black bile, yellow bile, blood, and phlegm. Before the humors
were introduced, many people believed that the source of illness was punishment from the Gods. It
wasn t until after Hippocrates introduction to medicine that the field stepped away from religion
and into science. The introduction of the four humors led to a continuing line of thought up until
the nineteenth century

Non Pharmacological Methods Are Effective For Reducing...
Introduction
Painful procedures are common for premature infants and research has found that non
pharmacological methods are effective in reducing pain signs. Pain is subjective and difficult to
measure unless vocalized, as infants are unable to verbalize their pain, their management in regards
to pain relief is suboptimal (who.int). It has been documented in many studies that premature
babies of a gestation of less than 32 weeks are subjected to approximately between 10 and 15
painful procedures in their first few weeks of life and more than 80% of those procedures are
performed without pain relief (Stevens et al, 2003).
When premature infants are exposed to long term pain they enter into a state of passivity, with
decreased movement, no ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Early studies of neurological development showed that preterm infant perception of localized pain
was non existent. It was also thought that neonates were incapable of remembering painful
experiences and therefore, they were not considered of understanding pain in the same way as
adults (Urso, 2007). This understanding came from four misconceptions about the neonatal
physiology. The first being that the neonatal CNS was immature, the second was that nerve fibers
required myelination process in pain perception, the third was that infants did not have pain
receptors and the fourth was that premature babies were unable to remember painful experiences
(Urso, 2007).
It is known that premature infants with immature development experience pain especially those
needing surgical treatment or those who spend time in neonatal intensive. Knowing how to
manage neonatal care is a challenge for healthcare professionals as it is difficult to measure and
due to the fact that neonatal systems are more immature than those of older patients. It is also
known that experience of pain in early life can have an effect on pain perception later on in life.
Analgesia used can combat pain experienced by neonates. The most commonly pharmacological
pain relief used for neonates are paracetamol, opioids, most commonly morphine and fentanyl and
local analgesia. It is noted that as well as pharmacological

Political Identity Of India And Pakistan
Political Identity of Nationalism in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan: Introduction: Political
identities may be realized in this way but they may be and are accommodated in other fashion
(Taylor,1979 p 1) Identity is a quality of the individual that a part of the common criteria of
individual maturity according to national perspective. Identity crisis is an important theme of
adolescence a time when various type life of law are tired out. It is important to note that one
autonomy by the using social links for all. Language, religion and whole politics are each essential.
In this way, Pakistan, India and Bangladesh have given the great identity to keep off the nationalism
through politics. In Bangladesh heralded a new phase in South Asian nationalism because of
managing the first regional step of state in what had been British India. India in modern the world
is popular in nationalism in politics. About the language, cultural, religion are the continuous
process on India and Bangladesh. There were attempt by others who checked strongly with the
nationalist cause but not occupied points of power to again appropriate. This identity struggle for
mainly include student, freedom fighters, intellectuals and others. In Bangladesh, Bangladesh and
Bangali are the two terms that have created confusion and crisis of nationalism. The new aspect of
regional problem has been the demand from the states for additional power. In the case of Tamil
Nadu , where this demand has been most

Whole Foods Market Case Analysis
Whole Foods Market Case Analysis
Whole Foods Market has received recognition as recent as January 27th 2011 when CNBC aired
Supermarkets Inc: Inside a 500 Billion Money Machine. Whole Foods is arguably the most
influential, and by some measures, the most successful supermarket chain in the world. The
specialty gourmet store has grown into a Fortune 300 company offering specialty foods and
locally grown organic produce.1 CNBC goes on to state that even Established brands like Safeway,
Giant Eagle and Kroger are cultural icons as familiar as our own street names, but they are under
constant attack from brilliant upstarts like Whole Foods...1 From the general supermarket industry
Whole Foods Market breaks down into even a smaller specific ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Whole Foods Market has had experience in the natural/organic retailing industry since 1980. For
the past 30+ years they have built over 300 large customized stores in North America and also in
the United Kingdom. Whole Foods Market is known to provide the highest quality of products.
Weaknesses of Whole Foods Market include the high prices for their products; this is a direct
result of the company s focus on their availability of the finest products. The majority of Whole
Foods Market inventory consists of perishable items. This can sometimes pose problems
because, produce, milk, eggs have a short shelf life, Produce especially needs constant
maintenance to be graded as well as pulling the damaged or bruised produce off the sales floor.
Working as a produce clerk for several years I know the importance decreasing the cost of throw
away products. It hurts the company s sales especially when you are dealing with pricy high quality
natural and organic foods. Another weakness the Whole Foods Market faces is the high costs
associated with expanding into different locations.
The third part of SWOT is external opportunities that WFM faces in the industry. Over the past
couple of decades more

Justice For Juveniles
Thousands of youths have to go through the Juvenile Justice System every year. Sentencing is
unfairly given to many of these youths that end up going through The Juvenile Justice System
has become a school for criminals. The sentencing has become biased. Barry C. Feld is one of
the nation s leading scholars of Juvenile Justice. He received his Bachelor s degree from the
University of Pennsylvania, his J.D. from the University of Minnesota, and his Ph.D. in
sociology from Harvard University where he was a Russel Sage Foundation Fellow in Law and
the Social Sciences ( Feld, Berry | University of Minnesota Law School, n.d.). He wrote the article
Justice for Juveniles. Justice for Juveniles is an article outlining various issues and solutions... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(find quote off the internet). With the way the system is set up, its getting these youths ready to
fail again. Most kids that go through the Juvenile Justice System are more likely to go through
the system again and then into the adult prisons. The Juvenile System has become a preparation
for prison. There is no reform, only punishment, making these kids tougher and more prepared to
further their career in illegal activities that are much worse than those that have landed them in
the system in the first place. Time magazine reported in 2009 that detention centers often
increase bad behavior once incarcerated youths are released, a trend that follows them into
adulthood. The article states that those who ended up being sentenced to juvenile prison were 37
times more likely to be arrested again as adults (Surman 2017). Once in the system there is a
much greater chance you will enter the system again. These systems are flawed and must be
changed in order to change these kids ways of thinking toward life. These systems are not
correcting or rehabilitating any of the unlucky youths that end up in there. They are now just
getting prepared for further depth into criminal activities. Once changes are made to place more
programs to help these kids succeed in society we will see these numbers decrease.

Michael Phelps Is An International Swimming Sensation
Michael Phelps is an international swimming sensation from the United States. Born in 1985 in
Baltimore Maryland, he began swimming at an early age. By age fifteen, he competed in his first
Olympics as a member of the U.S. men s swim team. Not seven years later, Phelps dominated the
next Olympic Games and set the world records.
Phelps is most known for his Olympian status and endorsement deals. At just twenty two years old,
Phelps set the world record for men s swimming medals earned during the Olympics. He also set
the record for most medals won by an Olympian athlete. Michael Phelps became the face of men s
swimming and a sponsor for many products.
Growing up, Phelps lived a middle class life in a nice area of Baltimore. His ... Show more content
After a divorce in the family, many children act out, rebel, and get themselves into trouble. The
divorce did not cause any undue harm on Phelps per se. He maintained his health and fitness levels
and was determined to keep swimming.
Water is always nearby in the Baltimore, Maryland area, and most residents gravitate towards
the water via boating and swimming. Phelps took a love of water more seriously and began to
hone his swimming skills to become the best in Maryland. Soon after wishing to become the best
in Maryland, Phelps set his sights on the Olympics. He began swimming at a high school pool and
training at an aquatic club in Maryland. The coach could sense the fierce competition and skill
Phelps portrayed in the water and began to work with Michael with intense training sessions. At
age fifteen, Phelps was the youngest member of the Olympic American male swim team in sixty
eight years. He did not win any medals at this Olympic Games, but he made the team, set a record,
and left determined to try again.
Michael Phelps had ample time to drop out of swimming, pursue other interests, or become
discouraged. Despite being the youngest man on most every swim team, and not winning as many
awards early on, Phelps continued to train and workout daily and stuck to a strict diet designed to
keep his body in ideal shape for swimming. His

A Program Of Management And Leadership Development Essay
If an organization has a track record of effective responsiveness to the environment, and if it has
been able to successfully change the way it operates when needed, TQM will be easier to
implement. If an organization has been historically reactive and has no skill at improving its
operating systems, there will be both employee skepticism and a lack of skilled change agents. If
this condition prevails, a comprehensive program of managementand leadershipdevelopment may
be instituted. A management audit is a good assessment tool to identify current levels of
organizational functioning and areas in need of change. An organization should be basically
healthy before beginning TQM. If it has significant problems such as a very unstable funding base,
weak administrative systems, lack of managerial skill, or poor employee morale, TQM would not
be appropriate.5
However, a certain level of stress is probably desirable to initiate TQM. People need to feel a
need for a change. Kanter (1983) addresses this phenomenon be describing building blocks which
are present in effective organizational change. These forces include departures from tradition, a
crisis or galvanizing event, strategic decisions, individual prime movers, and action vehicles.
Departures from tradition are activities, usually at lower levels of the organization, which occur
when entrepreneurs move outside the normal ways of operating to solve a problem. A crisis, if it
is not too disabling, can also help create a

A Short Note On The E Commerce Market
1. Critically analyze the factors that led to Alibaba sustaining its leadership position in the Chinese
e commerce market. During the late 1990 s and early 2000 s, the internet was not very popular in
China and people were ignorant to its proper use. Knowing this, Jack Ma decided to start this
internet user friendly company that would allow his clients to perform business transactions with
other businesses/suppliers in China. He first started the company on a local level and as Alibaba
has seen success it has been expanding to the global market. Some of the factors that contributed to
the success of Alibaba in the Chinese e commerce industry were:
First mover advantage: Alibaba has a first mover advantage that makes it very hard for
competitors to chip away at their lead in the market. (Dick Wei, Analyst, J.P. Morgan Securities
Inc.,2 in 2007). Alibaba started its operations when e commerce in China was in its infancy stage.
Considering the potential of the budding e commerce market, Alibaba started with operations that
concentrated on providing B2B services to SMEs that were aspiring to go global.
Smart competitive and marketing strategies: From an early stage, Alibaba had been focusing on
differentiating itself by providing better services to its customer. It put an innovative business
model in place where customers could try out its services without any cost. Over time, it was able
to generate revenue from alternative streams and increase revenue as

Cardiovascular System Analysis
The cardiovascular system is an organ system that allows blood to circulate and is in charge of
transporting oxygen, as well as carbon dioxide, hormones, nutrients, and cell waste items all over
the body (Pironet, et al., 2016). This system helps to regulate body temperature, maintain
homeostasis, and fight diseases. The cardiovascular systemis made up of the heart, bloodvessels,
blood and plasma of the blood, and cells. The circulatory system is kept working by the heart. The
heart is made, for the most part, out of cardiac muscle. Carrying nutrients, wastes, gases, and
chemical signals across the body are some of the functions of the heart. Four chambers comprise the
heart, which are two atria and two ventricles (Pironet, et. al.,

Influence Of Media On Teenagers
Today, teenagers like us are rarely alone. We are under pressure to be online and available at all
times, talking, messaging, liking, commenting, sharing, posting it never ends. Never before
have we been so connected, so continuously, so instantaneously, so young. There s simply no
privacy, and the social pressures that go along with that are relentless. This always on
environment is training us to value ourselves based on the number of likes we get and the types
of comments that we receive. There s no separation between online and offline life. What s real
or what isn t is really hard to tell the difference between. Every day we approximately spend 8
hours exposed to different forms of media. It keeps us entertained, informed, and opinionated.
Media influences us through news, headlines and information we see online, on TV and radio. It
creeps into our daily lives set lean subconsciously through magazines and advertisements that
create and recreate standards of success, beauty and living. Our brain processes all these sets
information from a variety of sources and sometimes, we no longer wonder whether the
information is the truth or not, but rather just believe it right away. We react to it right away. We
no longer are watchful with what enters our minds. We no longer think twice before we respond.
We no longer identify ourselves from what influences us. Yes, media brings people together. It can
make us laugh, think, consider, and can make us feel right. But if we re

The Underground Railroad By Ann Petry Essay
Harriet Tubman: Conductor on the Underground Railroad was written by Ann Petry. It was
published by Thomas Y. Crowell in 1955. The book has 242 pages. This book tells about Harriet
s life as a young slave and how she escaped slavery. She led many other slaves to freedom in the
North throughout her life. The book starts by focusing on Harriet s parents, Old Rit and Ben
Ross. It discusses their life on the Brodas plantation in Maryland. In 1820, Old Rit had a baby,
and she named this baby Araminta Ross. However, she planned to call the baby Minta or Minty
until she got older. Then, she would be called Harriet. Minta grew up on the Brodas plantation.
When she was six years old, she was hired out to Mr. And Mrs. James Cook. Her job there was to
watch Mr. Cook s trap lines, which meant she was always out in the cold. Minty got the measles,
and was sent back home to the Brodas plantation. After Old Rit helped to get her better, Minta
was sent back to the Cooks. This time, though, she was to stay inside and learn to weave.
However, Mrs. Cook decided that she was unteachable, and Minta was sent back home. Soon
after Minty had returned home, she was hired out again. This time to a woman named Miss
Susan. Minta was to be a child s nurse. Here, Miss Susan was very harsh on seven year old
Minta. Miss Susan beat her whenever she didn t do something exactly right, or when Miss Susan s
baby cried during the night. One time, Minty ran away from Miss Susan. However, after a few

Paedobaptism
2. Reformed Theology of Paedobaptism Historically, Reformed paedobaptism supporters subscribe
to the doctrine paedobaptism through the circumcision/baptism analogy and the belief that
paedobaptism occurred during the apostolic age. While circumcision and baptism differ greatly in
methodology, both play a significant role throughout redemptive history. For example, God
ordained the practice of physical circumcision in a covenant with Abraham to signify his choosing
of Abraham and his offspring. Circumcision separated Abraham and his male offspring from the
surrounding cultures and religions; it made them unique (Gen. 17:1 14). Abraham responded to the
covenant with passion and purity. Consequently, obedience to God through the practice of... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, Origen assumed that infants deserved baptism consequent to their circumcision (apart
from repentance and faith). Later, John Calvin taught that infants, whether circumcised or baptized,
can be saved without prior knowledge of the gospel and faith. Calvin discussed Christ s redemptive
work toward infants,

Essay On Social Media
Target 1: By March 1, 2018, I will have assembled a group of 3 peers and have received feedback
on a monthly basis on my style. The feedback I receive will be the starting point for
improvements in this area. Using Social Media in Professional Settings Goal 2: Develop the
skills I need to confidently use social media in professional settings. OPTION 1: PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT PLAN10 Program 2: Participate in employer sponsored seminars which will
give me the skills to use social media in a manner which will benefit me professionally. Social
media is great venue to develop my brand and I want to make the most of every social media
opportunity to expand my social identity. Target 2: By June 1, 2018, I will have... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Target 4: By September 1, 2018, I will have identified 5 community meetings where I would be an
appropriate speaker and will make arrangements to present at the events. Asserting My Own Rights
and Ideas Goal 5: Gain confidence to be able to assert my own rights and ideas and being
comfortable with conflict that may result. Program 5: Participate in monthly department staff
meetings and speak up regarding issues I see within the department whether the topic is popular or
not. Target 5: By April 1, 2018, I will have attended at least 75% of the staff meetings held. Prior to
attending these meetings, I will determine topics for me to present and prepare a brief presentation
stating my thoughts on each topic. Knowledge of Cultures and Communicating in Intercultural
Social Settings. Goal 6: Learn about other cultures and develop skills to communicate in
intercultural settings. Program 6: Enhance my knowledge of other cultures by visiting restaurants
located in ethnic communities and explore the cuisine of a different culture. This will result in
interaction with other cultures and I will see social norms of individuals within their own culture.
Target 6: By November 1. 2018 to have visited 12 different ethnic restaurants and will feel at ease
among individuals of other cultures. In addition, while at these

World War I Was A War
World War I was a war fought between the Allies and the Central Powers in 1914 through 1918.
This was the first international war in the twentieth century and possibly the most deadliest war
since. Every country was bringing out their finest advanced weaponry and their most strategic
methods to succeed. All of the new advanced weaponry and strategies had a huge impact on the
way the war was fought. The soldiers entered the war with horses and simple rifles, but left the war
with tanks, flamethrowers, machine guns, and even technology like poisonous gas. With all this
new technology impacting World War I, the Allies and Central Powers had to create new strategies
/technology to fight and defend with, the inhumane methods of killing people... Show more content
The first, the front line trench (or firing and attack trench), was located from 50 yards to 1 mile
from the German s front trench. Several hundred yards behind the front line trench was the support
trench, with men and supplies that could immediately assist those on the front line. The reserve
trench was dug several hundred yards further back and contained men and supplies that were
available in emergencies should the first trenches be overrun. (Bagget and Jay)
Germans also took advantage of trenches and created multiple types of trenches to help them win
the war. They were ready for any attack/possibility of invasion and were trying to use trenches as
strategically as they could. Trenches would cause damage to nature and the area around it.
Imagine how after the war with trenches, there would be multiple tunnels just engraved in the
ground and it would of destroyed all the life in that soil and around it. During the war, the sides
would use artillery on each other s trenches so they had to keep on expanding their trenches and
making new ones. The artillery would further destruction and cause many craters around the
trenches. The way trenches would cause people to get sick was probably not a concern to the
forces when creating them. Think about what would happen if soldiers had to sleep and stay in
muddy, wet, and dirty trenches twenty four seven. When their clothes got wet they wouldn t have
always have spare uniforms and they would have to fight with

Frrantz Fanon And Post-Colonial Theory
1. Introduction
This essay will try to critical review the work of Frantz Fanon work with regards to post colonial
theory. Colonialization can be traced to the early to eleventh century and abolished in the
twentieth century. Franz fanon is one of the critical writers of the post colonial theory having
scripted a number of books. The essay will focus on black skin white face argument, first the
review will focus on post colonial theory then, will focus on the impact and effects colonization has
on colonised nation, the struggle for identity, globalization and will conclude with the question will
blacks ever be free? Fanon indicates that colonisation has effected the culture, believes, religion
identity of black skin and psychology of black skinned could result to violence. Frantz further more
justifies violence as way to political and cultural identification
2. Understanding post colonialization
Post colonial theory is the study of the effects and characteristics of colonization. Post colonial
explains and gives answers to culture differences and race division. Taking a country by force and
controlling everything including natural resources and native setters has a huge impact on black
population in the beginning of colonization whites took advantages early exploitation of land
owned by others, taking black people for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The revolution would be to free black mind and way of thinking which is mostly influenced by
Europeans. Fanon quote The Negro enslaved by his inferiority the white man enslaved by his
superiority alike behave in accordance with a neurotic orientation . Superiority and wealth as Marx
would the bourgeoisie se are the sole benefiters of resources and freedom (Fanon

Teenage Cosmetic Surgery
TEENAGE COSMETIC SURGERY
How young should some one be before they are ready to have cosmetic surgery? According to
the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery reports the number of girls eight teen and
younger getting cosmetic surgeries, such as breast augmentations has nearly tripled from 3,872
in the year of 2002 to 11,326 in the year of 2003 ( Farrell 1 ). The increasing number of teenage
girls under twenty having cosmetic surgeries should be aware of the risks, know that their bodies
aren t ready to go under such procedures and that they should not allow the media or low self
esteem influence their decisions.
One cause for teens participating in cosmetic surgery is because the media portrays an unreality
view of beauty. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many teens idolize a celebrity, which is normal, but wanting to be or look like one is a different
subject. Some teens bring in a picture of a celebrity and allow the doctor to show them how they
may be able to have features more like the celebrity. Many cosmetic surgeons discourage anyone
wanting to look exactly like anyone else. This is unrealistic and may indicate a more serious
problem like Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD). BDD is the inability of an individual to see
how they appear. (Palmer). People who have BDD tend to have a distorted view of themselves
meaning they don t see themselves the ways other people do. These teens believe that cosmetic
surgery will solve their physically problems, but looking like some else doesn t help them figure
out who they are.
Brown 5
One of the concerns about plastic surgery on adolescents is that their bodies are still maturing. In
addition to development that may occur in the late teens, growth charts indicate that the average
girl gains weight between the ages of 18 and 21, that is likely to change her desire or need for
breast augmentations as well as liposuction. (Zuckerman
1). A teenager s body may not be fully developed until they reach 18 or maybe even 21. With that
said some cosmetic surgeries, not all but most, can interfere with the body s natural growth. No
matter how much a teenager may want breast augmentations, liposuction, or cheek

Demon Vampire Research Paper
The Cursed Vampire
Let s start with your past shall we? About the time when you re alive, when you haven t go on a
trek to slaughter all the demon hunters. The inquisitor asked. I was silenced, I tried to avoid
him, but it didn t turn out well. He glanced at me and said nothing, as if he was use to
downworlders like me. He sighed and shake his head, pulling out something that looks like an
angel blade, but it has a gun s trigger on the two side. Pulling the trigger on both side, a bright
light came out from top and point it towards me. Then I remembered what it is, it s the blade of
justice, it is said that it will give a unique effect to downworlders who s against the person who is
holding the blade. I was vulnerable, but it didn t intimidate me a bit. Even though the light was
bright, I didn t even blink. Maybe it s because I have some crazy demonic vampire powers, but I
was stronger than any ordinary vampire.
I sighed. You can do whatever you want with the blade of justice, but it won t work against me. I
have trained to defend myself against any kind of magic. To defend demon hunters who want to
eliminate me. I was boring, so I started thinking about my past, where all the things happened.
I have always been hiding in the human world after the vampires found me, or you can say break
into my apartment and bring me to their hideout. When I ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
He sounded satisfied, and grab a injector from his pocket. He walked to me, grabbed my left arm
injects the injector into me. Suddenly, I feel great. I wasn t feeling hungry anymore, I feel like I
have the strength to run a marathon. The other two people were drawing runes on the floor, they
were speaking in a language that is very old, at least that s what I think. Then a green light came
out of the ritual, the other two people were about to step into the ritual, but they step backed, as if
they forgot something. The person who is standing next to me

History Of Anthropology By Tuskegee
Through the advertisement of ancestory.com, it is made realistic to find the origin of one s
family line. Leaves after leaf tells a story to how one s great great grandfather served as a fighter
pilot in the Second World War or discover your mother s great uncle was one of the candidates
chosen and impacted by the Tuskegee experiment. Family history can be easy to access. But how
can we trace the origin of disease or on a broader scale, the origin of mankind? The study of
anthropologyhas focused solely on this area to discover the evolutionof humanbeings from the being
of time. Anthropology is a broad study of multiple areas of human relationships, artifacts,
development, cultures, and so on with making reference to both past and present

How Does Celie Change In America
Celie is abused and raped by her Pa, who takes away her children after they re born. Eventually,
Pa marries Celie off to a man who is just as abusive as Pa. Celie s new husband, Mr.__, simply
marries Celie to take care of his four children, look after of his house, and work in his fields.
Celie is somewhat happy to marry Mr.__ because she can now remove her younger sister, Nettie,
from Pa s household. However, after Nettie lives in Mr.__ s household for a time without
encouraging his sexual advances, Mr.__ kicks Nettie out. Though Nettie promises to write to
her sister, Celie doesn t hear from her. Celie s life gets worse and worse, as she s now separated
from the only person in the world whom she loves and who loves her back. Celie s life changes
when Mr.__ brings his deathly ill mistress home for Celie to nurse back to health. Mr.__ s
mistress, Shug, is everything that Celie isn t: sexy, sassy, and independent. Celie quickly falls in
love with Shug, and Shug falls in love back. For the first time in Celie s life, she has a chance to
enjoy sex, romance, and friendship.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When Celie finds her sister s letters, it unlocks a new world for her. Instead of being submissive
and downtrodden, she realizes the full extent of the abuses she has suffered from Mr.__. This
knowledge gives her the strength to leave him. Celie heads off to Memphis with Shug to start a new

Investment Team Project
YMJ Investment Final Project
Throughout the semester we really had to watch the markets in order to obtain a successful
portfolio. The way we approached this task was through constant watching of the securities
market to find out current trends as well as picking up stocks we thought were undervalued at
that time. The latter, of course, applies to our managed portfolio, where we were able to select
stocks we deemed were good investments. We observed that this specific portfolio gave us more
stable returns, which we attributed to the lower betas of these stocks. One can also conclude that
the worst performers of the same portfolio were due the same cause. Based on the returns of our
managed portfolio, one can conclude that we chose to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Best Performers
Company Ticker Symbol% Return
CVS Caremark CorpCVS13%
Colgate Palmolive CoCL19%
Yahoo IncYHOO19%
Amazon.com IncAMZN17%
Pfizer IncPFE12%
CVS Caremark Corp: Clearly, we got this one right and it was our best investment. We thought this
was a safe stock to purchase because it was a top 20 company in the 2013 Fortune 500 list as well
as operating in an industry that has been in great demand by the American population as it is
aging rapidly. Another conclusion that we arrived while discussing the possible purchases was
that the company operates only in the US, so it had a great opportunity to seize the market of
overweight Americans who suffer from several diseases related to this problem, and have to buy
one or several medications at times.
Colgate Palmolive Co: This was another good investment in our opinion. The company had a low
beta at the time of the purchase and has been having a steady growth lately, which we thought
would be good component for our portfolio to hedge against stocks that held greater risk. Although
the company has been known to harm the environment by consuming high levels of palm oil, we
believed that this fact would not interfere with the growth potential of the company as the numbers
indicated that it was a reliable investment.
Yahoo Inc: The investment in Yahoo stocks was one that we expected to have healthy returns since
the beginning. We

Convict Lease System Case Study
In various states of the South, the convict lease system operated. The convict lease system
allowed prison officials to collect fees from private employers who contracted with the state for
work done by prisoners (Friedman, 2007). This was a source of revenue for both penitentiaries and
states allowing this practice. Alabama, Georgia, and Tennessee had convict lease systems and the
brunt of the work by prisoners was on the backs of African Americanprisoners. In the 1880s and
1890s, 80 to 90 percent of all inmates in Alabama were black (Bair, 2000). During the same two
decades, 60 percent of the prison population in Tennessee was black, and it was black convicts
who overwhelmingly were leased out to work in coal mines (Bair, 2000). These kinds

2008 Us Economic Recession
INTRODUCTIONS
The Global Financial Crisis of 2008 is considered by many economists to be the worst financial
crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s. It resulted in the threat of total collapse of large
financial institutions, the bailout of small and big banks by national governments, and downturns
in stock markets around the world. In United States, the housing market also suffered, resulting in
evictions, foreclosures and prolonged unemployment. The crisis played a significant role in the
failure of key businesses, declines in consumer confidence, declines in consumer wealth estimated
in trillions of US dollars, and a downturn in economic activity leading to the 2008 2012 global
recession and contributing to the European ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By September 2008, average U.S. housing prices had declined by over 20% from their mid
2006 peak. As prices declined, borrowers with adjustable rate mortgages could not refinance to
avoid the higher payments associated with rising interest rates and began to default. During
2007, lenders began foreclosure proceedings on nearly 1.3 million properties, a 79% increase
over 2006. This increased to 2.3 million in 2008, an 81% increase vs. 2007. By August 2008,
9.2% of all U.S. mortgages outstanding were either delinquent or in foreclosure. By September
2009, this had risen to 14.4%
Easy credit conditions
Lower interest rates encouraged borrowing. From 2000 to 2003, the Federal Reserve lowered
the federal funds rate target from 6.5% to 1.0%.[68] This was done to soften the effects of the
collapse of the dot com bubble and the September 2001 terrorist attacks. The Fed then raised the
Fed funds rate significantly between July 2004 and July 2006. This contributed to an increase in 1
year and 5 year adjustable rate mortgage (ARM) rates, making ARM interest rate resets more
expensive for homeowners. This may have also contributed to the deflating of the housing bubble,
as asset prices generally move inversely to interest rates, and it became riskier to speculate in
housing.
Weak and

Why We Should Stay Trim And Fit
Do you want to stay trim and fit, but also really enjoy dining out? Or, does your work or travel
schedule leave you eating in restaurants multiple times per week? If so, you re not alone. Nearly
60% of North Americans report eating out at least once per week. I believe that the whole point
of being healthy is to enjoy your life more, thus it makes no sense to stop doing the things you
enjoy in order to be healthy. The good news is that, with a bit of planning and a bit of know how,
you can stick to a healthy eatingroutine and still enjoy meals out.
Your plan of attack will depend on a few different factors:
1. Why are you out to eat? Are you there because you re on a work trip and you just need to eat, or
are you out to enjoy time ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With that being said, having a few strategies can help, and I m here to help!
Before you go out:
1. Eat a small snack prior to going out, or at least ensure that you are not ravenous. If you are too
hungry, especially to the point of feeling irritable, your desire to eat anything and everything can
easily override your desire to choose a healthy option.
2. Decide ahead of time. If you are able to, research the menu online to see what the restaurant
offers. It s easier to stick to a plan that you made ahead of time rather than to try to decide on the
fly. If your plan is to indulge in whatever you want; then go for it; but decide ahead of time.
3.Change your mindset. Remind yourself that you re there to enjoy time with your friends or
spouse, and that you happen to be eating food. Enjoy your food, but remember that it s just food.
At the restaurant:
1. Start with water. Cold water, hot water, lemon water, soda water there s so many choices! If you
choose to order a drink, enjoy something on the lighter fare such as a glass of wine, or alcohol
mixed with soda water. Fancy drinks such as margaritas and long island ice teas can pack upwards
of 600 calories per glass.
2. Skip the appetizers. Appetizer is not synonymous with lower calorie. In fact, many appetizers
have more calories than the

Comparing The Yellow Wallpaper And The Story Of An Hour
During the period that the two short stories, The Yellow Wallpaper and The Story of an Hour, were
originally written and published countless females had no freedom and were confined due to male
dominance and a lack of feminine freedom. The two authors are Charlotte Gilman Perkins, who
wrote The Yellow Wallpaper and Kate Chopin, who wrote Story of an Hour, they have numerous
similarities that can be compared but also have difference throughout their writings. Within theses
two short stories, both authors express their growing troubles of feminine freedom and male
dominance. The main female characters of both stories express a desire to be free from different
components that include males being the dominant figure over women. In the... Show more content
Within The Yellow Wallpaperthe author says, I sometimes fancy that in my condition if I had less
opposition and more society and stimulus but John says the very worst thing I can do is think
about my condition... (648). This has relevance because it expressed the narrators want for
freedom but she is repressed and her husband tells her what she can and cannot do. She cannot
help but feel the way she does, and so the move she makes at the end, focusing on the house
instead of her situation, marks the beginning of her slide into obsession and madness due to her
husband trying to completely control her life. The narrator does everything that she can take
her mind off of being trapped in the room by herself all day. One of the main thematic
components that changes throughout the story is how she occupies herself, So I will let it
alone and talk about the house (648). She tried to pass it off as she does nothing but talk about
the house, but what actually made her go insane is believed to be the way that she watched the
wallpaper, Life is very much more exciting now than it used to be. You see I have something
more to expect, to look forward to, to watch. I really do eat better, and am more quiet than I was
(653). This is arguably the moment in the story at which the narrator has truly lost her sanity; this
is due to the fact of her being suppressed from intellect and creativity as a

The Definition Of Marriage And Family Relationships Essay
What is the definition of marriage in the Bible? Better yet what is the definition of family in the
Bible? In Scripture there are many families which could be studied in order to better answer this
question, but some of the most prominent choices are Abraham s family, David s family, and
Solomon s family. Each of these families in turn had their own sets of issues and problems, but
there are also Biblical solutions to these problems which shall be address through the course of this
paper. But, before this is done it is important to take note of what God s definitions are.
To begin, I will start by explaining what my understanding of marriage and family relationships
according to scripture are supposed to look like. Now, throughout both the Old Testament and
New Testament many commandments are given to both children and parents. For instance, one of
the most obvious commands given to children was, Honor your father and your mother, so that
you may live long in the land the Lord your God is giving you, (Ex. 20:12, New International
Version (NIV)). To honor someone means to treat him or her with respect and put them in a place
of high esteem. Honor and respect means a child should not speak back to their parents, they
should not curse out their parents in any way, and in general they should respect their parents
wishes. But, going further than this Colossians 3:20 says, Children, obey your parents in
everything, for this pleases the Lord, (Col. 3:20, NIV).
Children

Cloning Stem Cells From Cloned Embryos Case Study
A less common view holds that obtaining stem cells from cloned embryos poses fewer ethical
problems than obtaining stem cells from discarded IVF embryos. Several Scientist and Ethicist
have argued that embryos resulting from SCNT do not have the same moral status we normally
accord to other embryos: the combination of a somatic nucleus and an enucleated egg a
transnuclear egg , is a mere artifact with no natural purpose or potential to evolve into an embryo
and eventually a humanbeing, and therefore falls outside the category of human beings. A similar
argument views that obtaining stem cells from cloned embryos is less morally problematic because
embryos resulting from SCNT are better thought of as tissue culture, whereas IVF... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
If cloning for therapy became available, its application would thus likely be restricted to chronic
conditions. Wilmut , who cloned Dolly, has suggested that cloning treatments could be targeted
to maximize benefit: an older person with heart disease could be treated with stem cells that are
not a genetic match, take drugs to suppress her immune system for the rest of her life, and live
with the side effects; a younger person might benefit from stem cells from cloned embryos that
match exactly. Devolder and Savulescu have argued that objections about economic cost are most
forceful against cloning for self transplantation than, for example, against cloning for developing
cellular models of human disease. The latter will enable research into human diseases and may
result in affordable therapies and cures for a variety of common diseases, such as cancer and heart
disease, which afflict people all over the world. Finally, some have pointed out that it is not clear
whether cloning research is necessarily more labor intensive than experiments on cells and tissues
now done in animals.
Another concern is that because cloning is an asexual way of reproducing it would decrease genetic
variation among offspring and, in the long run, might even constitute a threat to the human race.
The gene pool may narrow sufficiently to threaten humanity s resistance to disease. In response, it
has been argued that if cloning becomes possible, the number of people who will choose it

Book Report On Manga Fruit Basket
I cried halfway throughout the story, not knowing what to expect for an ending. This is how I felt
when reading the Manga Fruit Basket, a story about a young orphan girl who meets a family that
is cursed by the Chinese zodiac. Overall this was a good manga; however, it may different for
someone starting out to read Manga. There could have been some changes to create a better
atmosphere for the readers and the Manga itself. Some changes that could have been made in the
manga, are the type of drawing style they use, the way they finished it and the number of
simulations it has with the Anime
Manga s are Japanese comic books; however, the big difference between manga and comic books
is that comic books are colored while manga tends not to be. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
After reading other mangas, they may think back and agree the type of drawing can make a
difference. After reading Naruto, Black Butler, Detective Conan, and Skip Beat, these mangas
made me appreciated on the type of drawing Fruit Basket used. This is more of a
recommendation for readers, read other type of manga before reading Fruit Basket. The drawings
are nice enough for the manga; however, if you don t understand the reason throughout the
drawing, the plot may seem more confusing. Especially when some of the characters may look
way too similar to each other. In this manga, the first time I was getting confused on who was
who, especially when adding their zodiac character. After becoming accustomed to manga for 3
years, I was able to come back and reread the manga and have no confusion.
Tohru Honda is the young orphan girl who meets Yuki, Kyo, and Shigure Sohma. This is where
all their lives change and Tohru finds about the curse of the Sohma turning into the zodiac animals
when weak or hugged by the opposite sex. The beginning is great, it caught my attention
throughout the whole story, however, as the last chapter was coming closer it felt as though the
story was finished in a hurry. My face was full of confusion and questions were rising when I
completed the manga. The story starts off with Tohru wanting to help the Sohma family to find a
way to break the curse, in the end, she succeeds. How? Is my question. they made it so

Essay On Clinical Practice Vs Sporting Environment
Describe and compare working within a sporting environment vs a clinical practice
Sports rehabilitation is an interdisciplinary field where para medicals can treat patients within their
subspecialty. There are two potential fields that a graduated sports rehabilitator (GSR) can pursue:
clinical practice or a sporting environment. Clinical practice has a broader knowledge based on the
medical background which allows treating illness, injury and neurological issues allowing patients
to cope with active daily living (ADL) within a clinical environment accompanied with a plinth and
other rehabilitation apparatus (Comfort and Abrahamson, 2010). Oppositely, within a sporting
environment, the sports rehabilitator will be pitch side or courtside and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Clarke (2018) explored the different types of personality clients have and concluded four key titles:
dominance, influence, steadiness and complacency which apply in different complexities to each
client. Within a sporting environment professional or recreational, the GSR is the first responder to
the client and therefore the client has had no time to process the scenario at home and emotions
will be heightened; with this, these individuals will potentially show more dominance which
branches out in aggression and frustration due to not knowing the extent of the injury and whether
they can continue to play. However, within a clinical environment, these clients can understand
their injury further as they have an examination and a potential diagnosis given. These clients are
more likely to express traits of complacency as they strive to achieve their potential prior to the
injury; they are likely to show task orientation with their function tests whilst tackling the specific,
measurable, accurate, realistic and timed (SMART) goals given to them from the

Stereotypes In Forrest Gump
White privilege and stereotypes are two ways race can influence a person s everyday life. White
privilege can be defined simply as white people getting special privileges and rights because they
are white. This can be seen when a white person gets a job opposed to a person of color or when
white people are able to live in nicer neighborhoods while people of color live in crime ridden ones
because white peoplehave more wealth. White privilege has become so normal that most people
fail to see it in action. Furthermore, stereotypes can have many harmful effects as well.
Stereotypes can be defined as distorted views or inaccurate beliefs about a group of people. Not
all stereotypes are bad, but many of them are. An example could be saying that all African
Americans are good at sports. However, this is not always the case. Stereotypes may sometimes
seem harmless, but these beliefs can impact a person s life. White privilege and stereotypes are
two different concepts, but they both have similar effects that tend to hurt people of color more
than they hurt white people. Both of these ideas appear in the 1994 film Forrest Gump, which
was directed by Robert Zemeckis. The film depicts white privilege by showing only white people
in positions of power, illustrates stereotypes about people of color by having a stereotypical black
family, and changes black history by having a white person make achievements that people of color
really made.
Forrest Gump is a movie that follows a man throughout the story of his life. It starts out with
Forrest Gump waiting at a bus stop when the bus arrives and a woman steps out and sits down
next to him. He begins to talk to her and he offers her some chocolate. The way he talks hints to
the fact that he is not the most intelligent person. He then starts to talk about her shoes which leads
him to a flashback of his childhood in Greenbow, Alabama in about 1945. From there he starts to
talk about everything that has happened in his life that has led him to where he is now. He talks
about meeting Jenny on his first day of school, his running getting him a football scholarship for
college, enlisting in the army and meeting Bubba, getting a medal of honor, and playing ping pong
against China.

The Importance Of Concussions In Sports
In many recent studies, scientists and doctors have been making significant discoveries about the
difference between women s and men s rates of concussions in various sports. This is shown
through the process of how women and men deal with concussions, statistical data, and the
equipment for both women and men.
To begin, the physiological process women and men go through from impact and healing is
different in a plethora of ways. For example, women are shown to report more concussion
symptoms like: poor concentration, increased fatigue, headache, and visual hallucinations (NCAA).
Also, women suffer from greater cognitive decline and slowed reaction time relative to males
(NCAA). Lastly, female concussed athletes perform more poorly on BESS (Balance Error Scoring
System) following concussion relative to males (NCAA). On the other hand, the men will have the
same symptoms but will last shorter than what women deal with due to low pre injury levels of
progesterone (The Washington Post).... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In women s soccer the rate of concussion compared to boys is 2.1%. In women s softball, the
rate of concussion is up by 3.2%. Lastly, in women s basketball, the rate of concussion compared
to men s basketball is up by 1.7%. This data alone shows a number of concussions reported in the
perspective sports compared to the men s sports. To contrast, the rate of concussions in men s
soccer is 19 19.2%. For men s baseball, the concussion rate is 4.6 5. Lastly, in men s basketball, the
rate of concussion is 16 21.2 % (Headcase). What this data shows is that the rate of a sports
concussion varies by how many people play in it, and for women, not a lot of women play sports so
the rate can be biased in the way of how many people play the sport [in

A Fist Full Of Dynamite Analysis
While most of my age group enjoys the newer media of our times, I tend to enjoy the older movie
titles of the 20th Century. While scrolling through the channels on my T.V., I happened upon an
older Western film called Duck, You Sucker! , also known as A Fist Full of Dynamite . The
leading cast includes James Coburn and Rod Steiger. The plot is about an Irish I.R.A. member
befriending a common Mexican bandit as they accidentally become involved in The Mexican
Revolution in 1913. The bandit, Juan, wants the Irish revolutionary, named John, to help him rob
the bank in Mesa Verde, but when Juan attempts to rob the bank, he realizes it has been made into a
political prison. As Juan confronts John about the mistake, John confesses that he knew

Sectional Title Essay
Pros Cons of sectional title schemes
Sectional title means that you are owner a unit in a common property, weather its an apartment,
partially detached house, mini subtype home or a flat. So, you are sole owner of your living unit
but you also have the right to use certain common parts of property that are co owned by all the
sectional title owners in this community, such as yard, pool, washing room etc.
Pros of sectional title scheme
Sectional title has its advantages. For one, you will own your home for (probably) lower price
then if you have chosen to buy a house with own land. There is also an element of community,
living within a group where people usually tend to become closer because they share certain parts
of property together ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For one, you don t have complete control of your property there are these common parts that can
be used (and are owned) by other sectional title owners. Management of property has the right to
decide about building/property management and you as an individual owner can t decide otherwise
but have to comply, even when you don t agree with such decision. These decisions can determine
pet rules, playing area and usage of communal area.
These rules can change and even if you or some other owner don t agree with the rules and how
they were changed, you still have to comply with them. Also, you can t decide to change your
home in larger amount, to do some construction works, before you get an approval from the
management. You and other owners of sectional title parts of property are responsible to cover any
and every debt of the community, which means that if one of the owners doesn t cover his
communal expenses, others will be liable to cover for him.
In general, it can be said that sectional title scheme has its advantages and disadvantages. It is a
good start for young couple who want to start life in their property. Of course, one should be aware
of all the restrictions and limitations that apply to sectional scheme property before choosing to get
involved in such property ownership. Also, before buying such property make sure to do your
research of the property, the rules and the

The Subculture Of Mental Illness By Dan Hoeweler
A possible definition of a subculture is a smaller culture apart of one larger culture. One subculture
is those that suffer from a mental illness, contributing to the larger culture of individuals without
mental illness. For a long time, this subculture seemed taboo and shunned, to the extent it was
rarely talked about openly. However, I believe a way this subculturewas represented during earlier
times was through literature. An author could have a character that seemed a bit odd or different
that hinted towards a mental illness while not fully addressing whether or not that character is
mentally ill. Although, as time has progressed mental illness has gradually become less taboo, to
the point an author can openly represent the mental illness... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Why I choose to mention this particular poem is for the wording. The author actually uses the
word depression. Depression. Is Lying , begins her poem. She doesn t dodge around the real
subject of their writing. It is very clear The Key talks about depression. In all the other piece of
literature I have look at and mentioned they never were so bold as to use the word depression or
mental illness in certain cases. Since this author choose to use that particular wording she more
strongly represented the subculture of mental illness. Her writing is a clear testament to the fact
there is a subculture of mental illness and it is represented in literature

I Had The Most Horrible Dreams
Alex awoke in a groggy stupor, confused and unaware of where she was. Angela, having seen
that her sister was coming out of her slumber, sat down next to her on the edge of the sofa and
began coaxing her into consciousness. W What happened? asked Alex as she raised a hand up to
her aching head. Oh... she whined, I had the most awful dreams. Mama, Aunt Alex needs juice, said
Liam as he brought his small glass over to them. It will make Aunt Alex sick no more. Yes, baby,
answered Angela, We ll make sure your Aunt Alex gets plenty of juice. Awe, thank goodness,
mumbled Alex, I had dreamt that something terrible... Alex then paused. Never mind... how s my
little man doing on his special... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
You re no friggin angel, Alex surged ahead. You re no more of an angel than one of these damn
things that burnt up in here. In fact, I bet you re more So, I see somebody s feeling better,
Lyanna said, raising her voice and cutting off Alex as she and Cera entered the drawing room.
Relax, m dear, I m sure your parents had no knowledge of and absolutely nothing to do with
Angela being what she is. None of what has happened today with Liam is any of Angela s fault
either. That s a load of horseshit, Alex responded. Awe, well, maybe you will be comfortable in
some of Cera s clothes, quipped Katelyn in response to Alex using the word horseshit in
frustration, we can get you a spittoon and a hound dog name Buford and leave you out on the
front porch as a lawn ornament. My dog was named Maddy, Cera said chiming in, but, you
already knew that, didn tcha? Bless your heart. Will all the ladies in the room zip their lips for a
minute, said Lyanna raising her voice. My God... I hear less whining out of Liam. You re no
friggin angel, Alex seethed under her breath at Angela. Lyanna approached Alex and undid the
bandage over her wound. After wiping the dried blood away with a wet cloth everyone in the
room could see that Alex s hip was almost fully healed already. You re going to need to get up,
stated Lyanna, working your muscles and joints will only help to speed up your

Is There a Correlation between with STEM and Non-STEM...
The analysis of the data begins by observing whether or not there is a correlation with STEM and
non STEM areas of study to men and women. If there is a correlation of STEM and non STEM
areas of study to men and women then one can accurately predict the academic outcome of people
with degrees in STEM and non STEM. This is done by observing how many men and women who
have majors in natural sciences and social sciences/humanitiesand if there is a tendency of a gender
choosing a particular major within a certain field. In Table 1 a Chi Square test of independence
was performed to determine whether the majors in natural sciences and social sciences/humanities
were equally preferred. Preference for the two areas of study were not equally... Show more content
However, these percentages do not accurately determine whether or not that person would have
a degree from a STEM field. According to Ma (2011, p. 1180), 43 percent of women who
initially claimed a major in STEM ultimately attained their degree, compared with 38 percent of
men who did so. Despite 20.9% more men studying in the areas of natural sciences than women,
5% more women graduate in STEM fields than men. 50.5% of men and 71.4% of women are
studying in the areas of social sciences/humanities which are considered non STEM degrees.
According to Ma s (2011, p. 1181) figure 2 b. roughly 20% of women and 10% of men graduate
with non STEM degrees. The correlation of men and women that study in social sciences
/humanities or non STEM areas of study are similar to the men and women that have degrees in
social sciences/ humanities or non STEM area of study. The correlation is that there are more
women than men that study and graduate in social sciences/ humanities or non STEM areas of
study. The original hypothesis was if there is a correlation of STEM and non STEM areas of
study to men and women then one can accurately predict the academic outcome of people with
degrees in STEM and non STEM. However, Ma s (2011, p. 1181) figure 2 b. showed evidence that
a larger percentage women obtained degrees in natural sciences than men did. This is controversial

##regulation Of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factors In...
1.Specific Aims: Magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs) located in the supraoptic (SON) and
paraventricular (PVN) nuclei of the hypothalamus synthesizes and regulates Arginine Vasopressin
(AVP) secretion (2, 6, 22, 24, 33, 36, 40, 46). Dysregulation of AVP release leads to dilutional
hyponatremia associated with liverand heart failure which increases morbidity and mortality (12,
23, 37, 51, 53, 65). The prevalence of hyponatremiadespite treatment with AVP antagonist to
increase urine output, improve plasma sodium levels, and reduce ascites is prominent (5, 16, 52, 65).
During high salt loading and dehydration, MNCs has been shown to have upregulation of Brain
Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) (10, 13, 15, 32). BDNF has profound ... Show more content
Based on these findings, in conjunction with other previous studies, we have developed the
following working hypothesis (Figure 1).
Our working hypothesis is highly novel in that it focuses on BDNF from SON can contribute to
increased intracellular chloride, which in turn influence changes in AVP release and hyponatremia
during liver cirrhosis (Figure 1).
Our hypothesis will be addressed by the following specific aims:
1. To determine the role of BDNF TrKB signaling in hyponatremia through sustained AVP release
during hepatic cirrhosis.
2. To understand the role of estrogen in preventing the chronic activation of vasopressinneurons in
female bile duct ligated rats.
These experiments will for the first time define the roles of BDNF TrkB signaling in the hepatic
cirrhosis induced sustained AVP release along with sex differences in the regulation of AVP release.
An integrative approach will be employed that includes AAV shRNA knockdown in whole animal
experiments, molecular changes in RNA and protein expression, in vitro chloride imaging with
ClopHensorN and functional studies of fluid balance and circulating AVP in the rat. These studies
will address several critical gaps in the literature by determining the neural adaptations that
contribute to pathophysiology in an animal model of dilutional hyponatremia.
2. Background, Significance and Innovation: Dilutional hyponatremia is the most important
electrolyte abnormality

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