This document provides an overview of realism in art in France and England during the 19th century. It discusses French artist Honoré Daumier whose realistic paintings depicted everyday working class life. Gustave Courbet is also discussed as a leading realist painter known for his unsentimental contemporary scenes and radical subject matter. In England, artists like John Constable, J.M.W. Turner, and the Pre-Raphaelites sought to capture nature with exacting precision in their paintings through close observation of textures, colors and light. Realism aimed to portray everyday life and social realities in a truthful manner.

1. Realism and Impressionism
Lesson 2

2. REALISM IN ART

3. France – Honoré Daumier (1808-79)
• Daumier was a satirist whose satire was
rooted in realistic observation.
• He depicted working-class sympathetically
in paintings such The Third-Class Carriage.
• In his Rue Transnonian he expressed horror
at injustice and brutality.

4. Daumier – Two Paintings
Daumier – Third Class Carriage (1863-65) Daumier – Rue Transnonian (1834)

5. France – Gustave Courbet (1819-77)
• Courbet painted erotic subjects and
Romantic self-portraits.
• His unsentimental portraits of
contemporary life made him the leading
modern Realistic painter.

6. Courbet’s Burial at Ornans (1849-50)
• No illusionistic depth
• Lack of a formal
composition
• Radical approach to
subject matter

7. More About Courbet’s Realism
• Courbet used broken paint surfaces to
make the outside world more tangible.
• Courbet’s Realism was associated with left-
wing dissidence.
• In his later career he experimented with
different approaches to landscapers, still
lifes, portraits, and the figure.

8. Courbet’s The Source of the Loue (1864)

9. English Colorists
• Constable, Turner, & Bonington influenced
French Romantics and the Impressionists.
• Constable’s The Hay Wain (1824) was
known for its radiant color.
• Constable’s paintings rarely made reference
to the harsh realities of agricultural life
during this time.

10. The Hay Wain (1824)

11. Ford Maddox Brown (1821-1893)
• Paintings showed
realities of working
class in England
• This painting is the
most complete
testament to edifying
and redemptive of
hard toil.

12. Pre-Raphaelites
• Founded by:
– William Holman Hunt (1827-1910)
– John Everett Millais (1829-1896)
– Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828-1882)
• They wanted to paint their paintings to show
the exact textures, colors, light, and outlines
of nature.

13. Hunt – The Hireling Shepherd (1851)