Flood Forecasting

1. WELCOME
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2. REAL TIME FLOOD
FORECASTING
GUIDED BY PRESENTED BY
MAYA.G.NAIR ALBIN.J.ARACKAL
Lecturer S7 Civil
SNGCE Roll No:3
SNGCE
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3. INTRODUCTION
 What Is Real Time Flood Forecasting ??
 Real Time Flood Forecasting systems are
formulated for issuing the flood warnings in
real time in order to prepare the evacuation
plan during flood.
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4. FLOOD PROBLEMS IN INDIA
 a) Inundation.
 b) Drainage Congestion due to Urbanization.
 c) Bank Erosion.
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5. FOUR ZONES OF FLOODING IN
INDIA
 a) Brahmaputra River Basin.
 b) Ganga River Basin.
 c) North –West Rivers Basin.
 d) Central India and Deccan Rivers Basin.
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6. SPECIAL FLOOD PROBLEMS
 a) Problems Of Tal Areas.
 b) River Bank/Bed Erosion.
 c) Sediment Transport by Rivers.
 d) Dam Break Flows.
 e) Urban Drainage.
 f) Flash floods.
 g) Flood due to snowmelt.
 h) Flood in Coastal Areas.
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7. NEED FOR REAL TIME FLOOD
FORECASTING
 a) To evacuate the affected people to the safer
places.
 b) To make an intense patrolling of the flood
protection works such as embankments so as
to save them from breaches , failures, etc.
 c) To regulate the flood through barrages and
reservoirs.
 d) to operate multi-purpose reservoirs.
 e) to operate city drains.
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8. DEVELOPMENT OF FLOOD
FORECASTING IN INDIA
 In 1969, Government created a Central Flood
Forecasting Directorate.
 In 1970, six Flood Forecasting divisions were
set up on inter state river basins.
 In 1977, the central Flood Forecasting
Organisation comprised of one Chief
Engineer’s Office ,3 circles and 11 divisions.
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9. FLOOD WARNINGS
 Whether the river is rising above a certain
specified level, known as danger level.
 Whether the river is rising or falling.
 Whether the stage of the river is ‘low’,
‘medium’ or ‘high’.
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10. TECHNIQUE USED IN FLOOD
FORECASTING
 The Real Time Data Acquisition System.
 This technology assembles simple ideas to get
effective results.
 The project implements machine to machine
communication.
 Using this system the information are
collected from remote places.
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11. WORKING PROCEDURE
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13. WORKING PROCEDURE
 Internet based technology make it easier to
control & monitor the system remotely to
present it easier using standard web browsers.
 The system uses various sensors for detecting
rainfall intensity for sensing the water level of
the river.
 The data is first stored in data logger, which
supports CDMA transmissions.
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14.  The data is stored and transmitted at a
predefined interval.
 The data is transmitted through wireless
medium over the internet to a data base.
 Then it is analysed and hosted in the website
for general information.
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15. FEATURES OF THE PROJECT
 This project is intended for collecting the data
for rainfall and water level for the areas
covered by Ganga basin.
 The data collected from the mapped sites are to
be posted through CDMA over the internet to a
data base server.
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16.  All the equipments used in this system
incorporates state of the art and technology (
eg. microcontroller, processors etc) and
provide capability for unattended operation for
at least 1 year at remote places using 12 v
single sealed maintenance free battery.
 Solar supply has been arranged for that area
where the electricity is inaccessible.
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17.  All the equipment has been able to withstand
the hostile environment and well secured
against power surge electrostatic discharge etc.
 The system has an inbuilt memory that is able
to store data for at least one year.
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18. SENSORS
 The sensors along with the accessories and
facilities for flood fore casting system are
basically Tipping Bucket Rain Gauge, water
level detecting sensor.
 a) water level detecting sensor: The water
level sensor being used in the Steven’s A/F
Encoded mode A F-1.
 b) Rain Gauge: Tipping bucket rain gauge.
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19. CONCLUSION
 The real time flood forecasting system protects lives
and save money. The real time data acquisition
system is necessary for food forecasting as the data
can be collected every five minutes from the mapped
station. The apex advantage of real time data
acquisition system is that data is retrieved in real
time. In INDIA flash floods are usually experienced,
as such there is no system for formulating the flash
flood forecast. It results heavy losses of lives and
properties. The real time data acquisition system can
be used to prevent losses due to flash floods.
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20. REFERENCES
 1. R. Krzysztofowicz R, A theory of Flood Warning System,
Water Resources Research, 29(12),2007, 3981-3994
 2. L. Naale, C.Saltalippi, Application of a model for flood
forecasting, proc. Of the IASTED/ISSM Int. Conference “
Modelling and Simulation” , pittsburg , 2003, 417-420.
 3. D.W.Reed, A Review of British Flood Forecasting Practice,
Tech. Report N .90, Institute of hydrology , Wallingford ,2005
.
 4 Realtimeforecasting,
http://www.powerset.com/explore/realtimeforecsting,(AUGU
EST2008)
 5. American Society for civil engineers,
http:www.asce.com/info/05/050.
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21. THANK YOU…
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