Reinforced concrete is a composite material consisting of steel reinforcing bars embedded in concrete. Concrete has high compressive strength but low tensile strength, while steel bars can resist high tensile stresses but buckle under compression. The document then outlines the topics to be covered in the training, including limit state design, and design of reinforced concrete beams, slabs, and columns. It states the learning objectives are to be able to estimate loads, analyze members for shear and bending moments, design for shear and flexural reinforcement, and conduct serviceability checks.

2. REINFORCED CONCRETE
Introduction
Reinforced concrete is a composite material, consisting
of steel reinforcing bars embedded in concrete.
Concrete has high compressive strength but low tensile
strength. Steel bars can resist high tensile stresses but
will buckle when subjected to comparatively low
will buckle when subjected to comparatively low
compressive stresses. Steel bars are used in the zones
within a concrete member which will be subjected to
tensile stresses. Reinforced concrete is an economical
structural material which is both strong in compression
and in tension. Concrete provides corrosion protection
and fire resistance to the steel bars.

3. During the course of this Training, we will be looking at the
following :
 Limit State Design
 Design of Reinforced Concrete Beam
 Design of Reinforced Concrete Slab
 Design of Reinforced Concrete Slab
 Design of Reinforced Concrete Column

4. This Course is designed to enhance participants knowledge of
structural design of reinforced concrete structures in line with
applicable code of practise.
Learning Objectives

5. At the End of this Course, Participants should be able :
 Estimate the load on any given structural member.
 Analyse the member for shear force and bending moments.
Learning Outcomes
 Analyse the member for shear force and bending moments.
 Design for shear and flexural reinforcements.
 Carry out serviceability checks.

6. LIMIT STATE DESIGN
LIMIT STATE DESIGN

7. Learning Outcome
At the End of this Module, you should be able :
• Explain the limit state design;
• List the methods of achieving safe structures;
• Differentiate between the limit states of design.
• Differentiate between the limit states of design.

8. What is Limit State Design?
Limit State Design of an engineering structure must ensure that:
1. Under the worst loadings the structure is safe, and
2. During normal working conditions the deformation of the members does not
detract from the appearance, durability or performance of the structure.
Three basic methods using factors of safety to achieve safe, workable structures
have been developed over many years; they are
1.The permissible stress method in which ultimate strengths of materials are
divided by a factor of safety to provide design stresses which are usually within
divided by a factor of safety to provide design stresses which are usually within
the elastic range.
2. The load factor method in which the working loads are multiplied by a factor
of safety.
3. The limit state method which multiplies the working loads by partial factor of
safety and also divides the materials’ ultimate strengths by further factor of
safety.

9. Limit States
The purpose of design is to achieve acceptable probabilities that a structure will not
become unfit for its intended use – that is will not reach a limit state. Thus , any way
in which a structure may cease to be fit for use will constitute a limit state and the
design aim to avoid any such condition being reached during the expected life of the
structure.
Two limit states design for reinforced concrete in accordance to BS 8110.
Ultimate limit state – considers the behaviour of the element at failure due to
bending, shear and compression or tension. This requires that the structure
bending, shear and compression or tension. This requires that the structure
must be able to withstand, with an adequate factor of safety against collapse,
the loads for which it is designed to ensure the safety of the building occupants
and / or safety of the structure itself.
2. The serviceability limit state considers the behaviour of the member at
working loads and is concerned with deflection and cracking. Others include
durability, excessive vibration , fatigue , fire resistance and earthquake
resistance.

10. DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS
DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS

11. DESIGN OF RC BEAMS

12. BEAM DESIGN

13. BEAM DESIGN

14. BEAM DESIGN

15. BEAM DESIGN

16. BEAM DESIGN

17. BEAM DESIGN

18. BEAM DESIGN

19. BEAM DESIGN

20. BEAM DESIGN

21. BEAM DESIGN

22. BEAM DESIGN

23. BEAM DESIGN

24. BEAM DESIGN

26. WORKED EXAMPLES

27. BEAM DESIGN

28. BEAM DESIGN

29. BEAM DESIGN

30. BEAM DESIGN

32. Hope Everything is
Clear so far?
Clear so far?

33. Thank you for
Your TIME
Your TIME