This document discusses the potential health hazards of electromagnetic radiation from various common sources. It begins by defining electromagnetic radiation and listing some main sources like cell phones, cell towers, Wi-Fi, TV and FM towers, and microwave ovens. It then provides more details on the radiation levels and patterns from different cell phone frequencies, Wi-Fi, and TV and radio towers. The document also discusses vulnerabilities to electromagnetic radiation and results from studies measuring radiation levels near cell towers. It describes some common health problems that have been reported from exposure and the debate around whether cell phones can harm brain tissues or cause cancer.

1. Radiation Hazards from
Cell Phones/Cell Towers
VIVEKANANDAN
EEE

2. OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION
•
•
•
•
•
•
Electromagnetic Radiations
MICROWAVE OVENS
WI-FI RADIATIONS
TV & FM RADIATIONS
Vulnerabilities of EMR
Radiation Pattern of a Cell Tower
Antenna
• Restriction to Tower
• Case Studies

3. Electromagnetic Radiations
Radiation emitted from Cell Phones, Cell
phone towers, Wi-Fi, TV and FM towers,
microwave ovens, etc. are called
Electromagnetic radiations (EMR).
EMR causes significant health hazards
(biological effects) on human, animals,
birds, plants and environment.

4. FM TOWER
(88-108MHz)
TV TOWER
(180-220MHz)
RF SOURCES
IN INDIA
AM TOWER
(540-1600KHz)
Wi-Fi
(2.4 - 2.5 GHz)
CELL TOWER
(800,900,1800
MHz)
MOBILE
PHONES
PT=10KW
PT=40KW
PT=100KW
PT=10-100KW
PT=20 W
GSM-1800 - 1 W
GSM-900 -2 W
503 TOWER
1044 TOWER
197 TOWER
Wi-Fi HOT
SPOTS
4.3 LAKHS
TOWERS
600+ million

5. MICROWAVE OVENS
Microwave radiation effects are classified as:
•Thermal
•Non-thermal
The current exposure safety standards are
mainly based on the thermal effects, which
are inadequate.
Non-thermal effects are several times more
harmful than thermal effects.

6. WI-FI RADIATIONS
•
Wireless Internet routers or Wi-Fi modems use dangerous electromagnetic
radiation to send their signals to your computer through walls.
•
If you have a wireless Internet router set up in your home or office (or
WiMax, Blue Tooth, Air-Port Extreme, Air-Port Express, Netgear, D-Link,
Belkin, Linksys and other wireless network devices) you are receiving
massive EMF exposure, and living or working in a dangerous soup of
radiation.
Duration is a Factor in Wi-Fi Health Dangers:
Most wi fi heath damage comes from cable modems and DSL routers
don’t get turned off at night: they stay on. connecting your machines to the
internet whether you’re surfing or not…and flooding your space with EMFs 24/7.

7. RADIATIONS FROM TV & FM
• CRTs put an picture on the screen by shooting
electrons at the CRT face and apparently this
caused a tiny amount of radiation.
• However, most people do not even have a CRT
based TV anymore and LCDs work totally
differently and there is no radiation of any type.
Even if you have a CRT, just turn it off. Problem
solved.

8. Restrction to Tower
•
For the past few months ago, apart from the scams,
what’s also making news is the issue of mobile phone
tower radiation. Recently new radiation norms were
adopted by India and the Department of Tele
communication (DoT) had set September 1 as the
deadline for the telecom operators to adhere to them.
•
As per the new norms, the operators were mandated
to reduce the radiation levels by 1/10th of the current
levels, thus making it 0.9 watt/m2. Furthermore, it was
announced that operators who are found flouting these
rules would be heavily penalised.

9. Vulnerabilities of EMR
• All of us know that we are not allowed to operate
Mobile Phones in an aircraft because of the reason
of interference of the Radiating RF with the Onboard
Systems of the aircraft.
• It is very unfortunate that same analogy is not
applied to the living beings although everybody is
vulnerable to this continuous RF Radiations. All of us
vulnerable to the ill effects of RF EMR but following
are more vulnerable as per the existing scientific
studies.

10. Risk to Pregnant Women
• A pregnant woman and the fetus both are
vulnerable because of the fact that these RF
Radiations continuously react with the
developing embryo, increasing cells, because of
thermal heat also.
• When the pregnant ladies either use Mobile
Phone or when illuminated with RF Radiations,
the developing child can become affected, the
developmental mall formation may occur.

11. Radiation Pattern of Antenna

12. Radiation Pattern of a Cell Tower
Antenna
People living within 50 to 300 meter radius are in
the high radiation zone (dark blue) and are more
prone to ill-effects of electromagnetic radiation

13. EXPERIMENT: Radiation level measurements near
several Cell Tower sites
50m
Measured Power
-20 to -30 dBm
(in dBm)
For each frequency bands
100m
-30 to -50 dBm

14.  Now days in most of the places the towers are
constructed over upon the building
 Peoples accepting to construct the towers on
there roofs because of rent given by companies.
 But they were no aware of dangerous of
radiations and the health problems occurred by
that.
 Bedroom or rooms placed at equal height of
tower will face more radiations.
 More than adults children's are affected by
highly.

15. • Radiation consists of several types of
subatomic particles, principally those
called gamma rays, neutrons, electrons,
and alpha particles, that shoot through
space at very high speeds, something like
100,000 miles per second.
• They can easily penetrate deep inside the
human body, damaging some of the
biological cells of which the body is
composed. This damage can cause a fatal
cancer to develop, or if it occurs in
reproductive cells, it can cause genetic
defects in later generations of offspring.

16.  The negative impact of mobile towers
on birds, bees, humans, wildlife and
plants. The experts even cited an
international study that pinpointed cell
phone towers as a potential cause in the
decline of animal populations.
 They went on to say that there was an
urgent need to focus more scientific
attention on the subject before it was too
late.
 India has 7,36,654 Mobile Towers

17. Most common problems
Cognitive functions -Concentration, memory, behavior, etc
Epidemiological studies - Sleep disruption, Headache ,
Depression, discomfort, irritability, nausea, dizziness, appetite loss,
muscle spasms, numbness, tingling, altered reflexes
Subjects reported buzzing in the head, palpitations of the heart,
light-headedness, heat, visual disorders, cardiovascular problems,
respiratory problems, nervousness, agitation. More severe reactions
include seizures, paralysis, psychosis and stroke.

18. Do mobile phones harm brain
tissues and cause cancer?
There is an argument that mobile phone
causes change in the structure of
chemicals of cells. Also, they are accused
of causing cancer. The radiation from the
mobile phones has been villain zed by
those who warn that the excess usage of
mobile phones can damage brain cells.