Conference Paper - 'Biological effects of Cell Tower Radiation' - Neha Kumar,Prof Girish Kumar,International Symposium on Microwave and Optical Tehcnology (ISMOT 2009).
Cell Tower radiation has become of extreme concern as we are exposed to them 24x7, and one cannot do much if the tower antenna is mounted right on top of your home/school/office building etc. Radiation level measurements were carried out at various locations and the levels were found to be far above the recommended values.
This document discusses the risks of radiation from cell phones and cell towers. It notes that the number of cell towers in India has rapidly grown to over 4.5 lakh without properly considering the health risks. The radiation can cause fatigue, headaches, sleep loss, and increased cancer risk for humans, and negatively impact birds, crops, and buildings. It recommends reducing cell phone use time and avoiding prolonged calls to limit exposure. Cell tower radiation should be reduced by moving towers from populated areas or lowering transmission power. Stricter safety guidelines may be needed to avoid long-term health hazards from electromagnetic radiation.
This document summarizes a study on the radiation from mobile phone towers. It discusses the radiation patterns of tower antennas and how power density decreases with distance from the tower. It also addresses the theoretical and measured radiation levels, compliance distances recommended by international standards, and the biological effects of tower radiation on humans and the environment. While mobile companies deny health risks, the document concludes that long-term exposure can pose serious health hazards and stricter radiation norms should be enforced globally.
1) Mobiles use cellular networks and radio links to make calls, with a long history including early military and civilian use.
2) Mobile phones emit radiofrequency radiation when transmitting signals via antennas. This radiation is a form of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation.
3) Potential health effects of mobile radiation exposure include headaches, memory problems, cancer and other issues. Children are especially vulnerable given their developing bodies.
This presentation gives an insight to effects of microwave radiation from cell phone towers around us. The impact of such towers on animals, plants & humans is discussed and some simple solutions are also presented.
Environmental & Biological Effects of Cell Tower RadiationGAURAV. H .TANDON
The document discusses the environmental and biological effects of radiation from cell towers. It notes that while cell phones provide important communication benefits, the proliferation of cell towers has negative health impacts. Exposure to electromagnetic radiation from cell towers is linked to increased cancer risk, DNA damage, and other health issues. International safety standards are inadequate as they only consider thermal effects and not non-thermal effects occurring at lower radiation levels. The radiation limits adopted in India allow radiation absorption by the human body equivalent to being in a microwave oven for 19 minutes per day, which raises concerns about long-term health impacts of cumulative exposure.
MOBILE PHONE & MOBILE TOWER RADIATION HAZARDS Neha Kumar
The document discusses the principles and health effects of electromagnetic radiation from cell phones and cell towers. It outlines the presentation which covers cell phone advantages and disadvantages, microwave heating principles, cell phone radiation absorption rates, cell tower antenna radiation patterns, international radiation norms, and conclusions. It provides information on specific absorption rate limits, cell phone use time limits, radiation measurement results near towers, biological effects of radiation like sleep issues and cancer risks, and concerns with current safety guidelines.
Biological Effects Of Cell Tower Radiation On Human BodyNeha Kumar
Conference Paper Presentation- 'Biological effects of Cell Tower Radiation' - presented by me and Prof Girish Kumar at International Symposium on Microwave and Optical Technology (ISMOT 2009).
Cell Tower radiation has become of extreme concern as we are exposed to them 24x7 and one cannot do much if the tower antenna is mounted right on top of your home/school/office building etc. In India, currently (2009) there are about 3.75 lakh cell towers installed and the numbers are expected to rise to 4.25 lakh towers by 2010. Radiation level measurements were carried out at various locations and the levels were found to be far above the recommended values. Common complains like Sleep disruption, Headache, Depression, Concentration, Memory loss, behavior, discomfort, irritability, nausea, dizziness, appetite loss, muscle spasms, numbness, tingling, altered reflexes,seizures, paralysis, psychosis, stroke- all related to changes in the electrical activity of the brain have been on a rise. Similarly increased cases of Alzheimer’s , Parkinson's disease,infertility, child leukemia, brain tumor cases have been associated with the continuously emitting cell tower radiation. On reviewing several epidemiological and experimental studies on harmful effects of Cell Tower Radiation on health of human and animals, we recommend safe radiation levels up to 50 μW/m2 , with a upper limit as 100 μW/m2. Towards the end, details of "Radiation Shield" -instrument designed to absorb radiation between frequency 800 to 4000 MHz have been given.
This document discusses the risks of radiation from cell phones and cell towers. It notes that the number of cell towers in India has rapidly grown to over 4.5 lakh without properly considering the health risks. The radiation can cause fatigue, headaches, sleep loss, and increased cancer risk for humans, and negatively impact birds, crops, and buildings. It recommends reducing cell phone use time and avoiding prolonged calls to limit exposure. Cell tower radiation should be reduced by moving towers from populated areas or lowering transmission power. Stricter safety guidelines may be needed to avoid long-term health hazards from electromagnetic radiation.
This document summarizes a study on the radiation from mobile phone towers. It discusses the radiation patterns of tower antennas and how power density decreases with distance from the tower. It also addresses the theoretical and measured radiation levels, compliance distances recommended by international standards, and the biological effects of tower radiation on humans and the environment. While mobile companies deny health risks, the document concludes that long-term exposure can pose serious health hazards and stricter radiation norms should be enforced globally.
1) Mobiles use cellular networks and radio links to make calls, with a long history including early military and civilian use.
2) Mobile phones emit radiofrequency radiation when transmitting signals via antennas. This radiation is a form of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation.
3) Potential health effects of mobile radiation exposure include headaches, memory problems, cancer and other issues. Children are especially vulnerable given their developing bodies.
This presentation gives an insight to effects of microwave radiation from cell phone towers around us. The impact of such towers on animals, plants & humans is discussed and some simple solutions are also presented.
Environmental & Biological Effects of Cell Tower RadiationGAURAV. H .TANDON
The document discusses the environmental and biological effects of radiation from cell towers. It notes that while cell phones provide important communication benefits, the proliferation of cell towers has negative health impacts. Exposure to electromagnetic radiation from cell towers is linked to increased cancer risk, DNA damage, and other health issues. International safety standards are inadequate as they only consider thermal effects and not non-thermal effects occurring at lower radiation levels. The radiation limits adopted in India allow radiation absorption by the human body equivalent to being in a microwave oven for 19 minutes per day, which raises concerns about long-term health impacts of cumulative exposure.
MOBILE PHONE & MOBILE TOWER RADIATION HAZARDS Neha Kumar
The document discusses the principles and health effects of electromagnetic radiation from cell phones and cell towers. It outlines the presentation which covers cell phone advantages and disadvantages, microwave heating principles, cell phone radiation absorption rates, cell tower antenna radiation patterns, international radiation norms, and conclusions. It provides information on specific absorption rate limits, cell phone use time limits, radiation measurement results near towers, biological effects of radiation like sleep issues and cancer risks, and concerns with current safety guidelines.
Biological Effects Of Cell Tower Radiation On Human BodyNeha Kumar
Conference Paper Presentation- 'Biological effects of Cell Tower Radiation' - presented by me and Prof Girish Kumar at International Symposium on Microwave and Optical Technology (ISMOT 2009).
Cell Tower radiation has become of extreme concern as we are exposed to them 24x7 and one cannot do much if the tower antenna is mounted right on top of your home/school/office building etc. In India, currently (2009) there are about 3.75 lakh cell towers installed and the numbers are expected to rise to 4.25 lakh towers by 2010. Radiation level measurements were carried out at various locations and the levels were found to be far above the recommended values. Common complains like Sleep disruption, Headache, Depression, Concentration, Memory loss, behavior, discomfort, irritability, nausea, dizziness, appetite loss, muscle spasms, numbness, tingling, altered reflexes,seizures, paralysis, psychosis, stroke- all related to changes in the electrical activity of the brain have been on a rise. Similarly increased cases of Alzheimer’s , Parkinson's disease,infertility, child leukemia, brain tumor cases have been associated with the continuously emitting cell tower radiation. On reviewing several epidemiological and experimental studies on harmful effects of Cell Tower Radiation on health of human and animals, we recommend safe radiation levels up to 50 μW/m2 , with a upper limit as 100 μW/m2. Towards the end, details of "Radiation Shield" -instrument designed to absorb radiation between frequency 800 to 4000 MHz have been given.
Mobile tower radiation and its impact on environmentNishat Fatima
Mobile tower radiation can have hazardous health and environmental effects. Mobile towers emit high-frequency radio waves or microwaves that can travel long distances. Different countries have set different safety limits for radiation exposure. Exposure limits in India are outlined in the Indian Wireless Act and Telegraph Act. Radiation can impact humans, plants and animals. It has been linked to headaches, genetic damage, and increased cancer risks in humans. Birds and bees can experience disorientation and declining populations near mobile towers. Reducing mobile phone use and carrying phones on the body can help lower exposure risks. Stricter safety regulations and siting of mobile towers are needed to protect public health and the environment from electromagnetic radiation pollution.
This document discusses wireless electricity or Witricity, which involves transmitting electrical energy from one object to another without wires. It provides the history of wireless power beginning with Nikola Tesla's proposals in 1899. The document explains the basics of how Witricity works using magnetic field resonance to transfer energy over short distances up to a few meters. Advantages include no need for wires or batteries, while limitations include only being effective over short ranges and lower efficiency compared to wired transmission. The document concludes by discussing applications of Witricity such as wireless charging of mobile devices and electric vehicles.
A presentation on hazards of cell phoneskalyanikatta
This document discusses the health hazards of cell phone towers. It begins by explaining how cell phone towers work by transmitting electromagnetic radiation between phones and towers. It then discusses the types of radiation emitted and how exposure occurs near towers. Studies have found higher cancer rates in those living near towers. While the radiation is currently not classified as carcinogenic, long term effects are still unknown. The document recommends limiting phone use, especially for children, and using headsets to reduce exposure. It concludes that more research is still needed but precautions are advisable.
The document discusses the ill effects of radiation from mobile towers, including:
1) It can damage the brain blood barrier, DNA, and increase cancer and infertility risks, especially for children and pregnant women.
2) Exposure near mobile towers is linked to neurological diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
3) Studies show mobile tower radiation may negatively impact trees, bees, and birds and their ability to navigate and breed properly.
4) The government has initiated monitoring of mobile tower radiation levels and imposing penalties for exceeding limits but there are still concerns about long term low-level exposure risks.
Cell phone and mobile tower radiation hazardsNeha Kumar
Presentation at KEM Hospital on 20th September 2010 for medical doctors.
We have explained the radiation pattern of Cell tower antenna, main beam and minor beam of an antenna, who are at more danger, radiation norms adopted in different countries, calculations for amount of radiation the body may be exposed to with current radiation norms, epidemiological symptoms observed with proximity to towers, biological effects of these radiations. In particular its affect on children and pregnant women, health problems reported from cell tower radiation and other EMF sources- case studies, its impact on the environment - birds, animals, bees, plants etc.
Prof Girish Kumar from IIT Bomaby talked about the engineering aspect of cell tower antennae and I presented the biological effects on humans, animals and mentioned a few case studies.
There are several hundreds of publications which show a positive link between cell phone/ cell tower radiation and its association with illness observed in people. Several thousands of cases have been reported worldwide. All this calls for immediate precautionary actions to be taken before it gets too late.
Radiation from Mobile Tower - Health Hazard, Norms, Cases Neha Kumar
Cell Tower Radiation Report- sent to Secretary DOT (Department of Telecommunications)
-By Prof. Girish Kumar, IIT Bombay.
Cell Tower Radiation Report prepared after going through 100's of research papers and interacting with several people/sufferers.
Section 7 is on Possible Solutions to reduce the ill effects of cell tower radiation.
Several health effects have been reported from Cell Tower radiation much below the radiation norms adopted by most countries.
Common problems that occur among below living near and below cell towers are Sleep Disturbance, concentration problem, memory loss, heart palpitations, etc. The radiations can also aggravate / lead to Alzheimer's and Parkin's disease.
Children are more prone to these radiations as their skulls are thinner and still developing. Studies by Dr. Om Gandhi show that radiation penetration in the head of an adult while using a mobile phone is 25%, in a 10 year old it is 50% and in a 5-year old it is 75%. Also pregnant women and older people are more susceptible to radiations.
All these health effects have been observed at levels much below the ICNIRP and FCC guidelines adopted by many countries.
Similar health effects have been observed in people in Germany, Israel, Sweden, Spain, UK, France etc.
Also lots of cancer cases have been reported among people living within 300 to 400 meter distance from the tower.
In a country like India where the population is very dense, achieving this is very difficult, hence it all the more calls for lower radiation norms.
At the end some case studies have been reported. These are only a few examples. The damage which has already occurred to the human race including environment, plants, animals, birds bees etc is phenomenal.
According to Australian Health Research Institute, if this trend continues, by 2020 - "2 Billion People will suffer from cell phone cancer". Even if 1% comes true, it will have devastating consequences to so many of us!!
All this calls for immediate need to adopt strict and lower radiation norms.
1) The document discusses the biological effects of electromagnetic radiation emitted by mobile phones and cell phone towers on human health. It notes that continued use of mobile phones can increase health risks due to thermal and non-thermal effects.
2) Thermal effects occur as electromagnetic waves from mobile phones are absorbed by human tissues, causing heating. This can raise local temperatures, especially near the head and brain where phones are often used. Non-thermal effects involve low-frequency pulsing of cell phone signals disrupting normal cell functions.
3) The document recommends that people keep away from cell phone towers and limit mobile phone use to reduce exposure to electromagnetic radiation, which some studies have linked to increased health risks from long-term
This document summarizes wireless electricity and power transfer techniques. It discusses Nikola Tesla's early work transmitting power wirelessly and defines different wireless power transfer methods like inductive coupling and resonant inductive coupling. Inductive coupling uses electromagnetic induction to transfer power between devices in close proximity like wireless charging pads. Resonant inductive coupling combines induction with resonance to transfer power over greater mid-range distances. The document also describes transferring power over long distances using microwave transmission and proposes collecting solar power in space and transmitting it to receivers on the ground. While wireless power has advantages like efficiency and flexibility, its disadvantages include higher setup costs and potential interference issues depending on the transmission method used.
Radiation pattern of a cell tower antennaNeha Kumar
Radiation Pattern from the cell tower Antenna has been drawn for basic understanding of a radiation pattern.
Page1:
This diagram was mainly used to describe why on a certain building the radiation levels vary from one apartment(say 7th floor) to the apartment above or below (6th and 8th floor) in a building at Khar (West), Mumbai.
The radiation pattern of a cell tower antenna is defined by its lobes. Radiation will be highest from the primary lobes in the horizontal direction. There is also radiation from secondary lobes.As seen in the figure, the readings that will be taken in between the lobes will be much lesser.
As seen the figure, the radiation will also be high vertically downward from the secondary lobes. This is what most mobile operaters hide or are not aware of in India.
Page 2:
Distance is another critical factor. The power density varies by (1/R2), where is R is the distance. People living within 50-300meter radiaus are in the high radiation zone. This data has been taken from a another country outside India. In the US for example, residential areas generally have amplifiers of 1-2 W. However in India, in many places even 100 to 200W of amplifiers are used and their are clusters of antennas from multiple operators on the roof top of several residential and office premises.
Page 3:
Simulated radiation pattern of a cell tower antenna from Prof. Girish kumar, IIT Bombay.
Page 4:
USHA KIRAN BUILDING - several cancer cases
Through the help of the above typical radiation pattern, let’s analyze the news reported in Mid-day, Mumbai dated Jan. 3, 2010, which stated - “Mumbai's swanky Usha Kiran building says the four cancer cases there could be linked to mobile towers installed on the facing Vijay Apartments”. The picture taken from the Usha Kiran building of the several antennas installed on the seventh floor of Vijay Apartments is shown in Fig. pn Page 4. People living in the 6th, 7th and 8th floor in the opposite building will get maximum radiation as they are in the main beam direction. People living on the other floors will receive lesser radiation as beam maxima is reduced considerably as can be observed from vertical radiation pattern. In the horizontal direction again, people living in the front side of the antenna will receive much higher radiation compared to people living in the back side of antenna.
http://www.mid-day.com/news/2010/jan...
Recently (as on Jan 2011) two more cancer cases have been reported on the 5th and on the 10th floor.
wireless charging of mobile phone using microwaveAkhil Raj
This document describes a proposed system for wirelessly charging mobile phones using microwaves. It would work by transmitting microwave signals from an antenna along with message signals. Mobile phones would be equipped with a receiver called a rectenna that converts the microwave energy into direct current to charge the phone battery while the user is talking. The document outlines the system components, advantages like eliminating chargers and allowing charging anywhere, and disadvantages like potential health effects and high costs. It concludes that this novel concept could help charge phones without wires.
This document discusses cell phone and cell tower radiation hazards and potential solutions. It provides background on how cell phones and towers operate and sources of radiation exposure. It describes thermal and non-thermal effects of microwave radiation on the human body, including increased cancer risk, DNA damage, and other biological effects. Case studies are presented showing higher cancer rates near cell towers. Standards for safe radiation levels are compared across countries. Suggested solutions include reducing cell tower transmission power and installing more low-power towers to address safety and health concerns while still providing cellular coverage.
hi every body this ppt is atmost best ppt up to my knowledge which will gives a idea of "what is wire less electricity"(ln med voltage range)
if you need this ppt ,just mail to "gopalsai77@gamil.com"
This document discusses the principles and history of wireless electricity transmission. It describes how wireless power can be transmitted over distances using magnetic resonance and induction between coils that are tuned to the same frequency. Nikola Tesla first demonstrated this in the late 19th century by transmitting electricity wirelessly over a distance. More recently, researchers have transmitted power to light bulbs up to 7 feet away without wires. Potential applications include powering devices in industrial, medical, and transportation settings without wires. However, biological impacts and high costs remain challenges.
Mobile phone networks use radio waves to allow communication between mobile phones and base stations. The base stations are connected to the telephone network and route calls. To provide coverage to more users, networks reuse frequencies by dividing coverage into cells served by base stations operating on different frequencies. As more users join the network, cell size decreases and more base stations are added to increase capacity without interference between frequencies. Common mobile technologies are GSM, operating at 900MHz and 1800MHz, and UMTS, operating at 2GHz.
Is Mobile Radiation harmful to your health? MALAYALAM AND ENGLISHRavi Ramakrishnan
The total mobile connections in the world is more than the global population. There are nearly 7.4 lakh cell phone towers to meet the communication demand in India. Microwave is used for communication between the tower and phone.
The same microwave is used in microwave oven also.
When these waves pass through the food articles in the oven, the water molecules will vibrate and thermal energy is released.
The document summarizes a seminar on wireless electricity transmission using microwaves. It discusses how Nikola Tesla experimented with wireless power in the late 19th/early 20th century. More recently, researchers have demonstrated converting microwaves to electricity using rectennas with over 95% efficiency. For wireless power transmission, microwaves would be beamed to rectennas on Earth from satellites in low or geostationary orbit. While promising, challenges include the large size needed for rectennas and high costs of over $70 billion to implement.
The document discusses whether radiation from cell phone towers is dangerous to human health. It provides an overview of cell phone towers and the microwave radiation they emit. It also discusses several studies that have linked cell tower radiation exposure to health issues like cancer, neurological problems, and birth defects in humans and animals. However, it notes there is still debate around the issue and more research is needed to understand the health risks. It also discusses some of the myths around the risks of cell tower radiation.
The document discusses the health risks of radiation from cell phones and cell towers. It begins by outlining the principles of microwave heating and how radiation is absorbed by the human body. It then examines international radiation exposure standards and guidelines, many of which are more stringent than what is adopted in India. Measurements taken near cell towers and inside homes show radiation levels far exceeding what is considered safe in other countries. The document raises concerns that current safety guidelines are inadequate and do not protect against non-thermal biological effects of low-level long-term exposure to radiation.
Mobile tower radiation and its impact on environmentNishat Fatima
Mobile tower radiation can have hazardous health and environmental effects. Mobile towers emit high-frequency radio waves or microwaves that can travel long distances. Different countries have set different safety limits for radiation exposure. Exposure limits in India are outlined in the Indian Wireless Act and Telegraph Act. Radiation can impact humans, plants and animals. It has been linked to headaches, genetic damage, and increased cancer risks in humans. Birds and bees can experience disorientation and declining populations near mobile towers. Reducing mobile phone use and carrying phones on the body can help lower exposure risks. Stricter safety regulations and siting of mobile towers are needed to protect public health and the environment from electromagnetic radiation pollution.
This document discusses wireless electricity or Witricity, which involves transmitting electrical energy from one object to another without wires. It provides the history of wireless power beginning with Nikola Tesla's proposals in 1899. The document explains the basics of how Witricity works using magnetic field resonance to transfer energy over short distances up to a few meters. Advantages include no need for wires or batteries, while limitations include only being effective over short ranges and lower efficiency compared to wired transmission. The document concludes by discussing applications of Witricity such as wireless charging of mobile devices and electric vehicles.
A presentation on hazards of cell phoneskalyanikatta
This document discusses the health hazards of cell phone towers. It begins by explaining how cell phone towers work by transmitting electromagnetic radiation between phones and towers. It then discusses the types of radiation emitted and how exposure occurs near towers. Studies have found higher cancer rates in those living near towers. While the radiation is currently not classified as carcinogenic, long term effects are still unknown. The document recommends limiting phone use, especially for children, and using headsets to reduce exposure. It concludes that more research is still needed but precautions are advisable.
The document discusses the ill effects of radiation from mobile towers, including:
1) It can damage the brain blood barrier, DNA, and increase cancer and infertility risks, especially for children and pregnant women.
2) Exposure near mobile towers is linked to neurological diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
3) Studies show mobile tower radiation may negatively impact trees, bees, and birds and their ability to navigate and breed properly.
4) The government has initiated monitoring of mobile tower radiation levels and imposing penalties for exceeding limits but there are still concerns about long term low-level exposure risks.
Cell phone and mobile tower radiation hazardsNeha Kumar
Presentation at KEM Hospital on 20th September 2010 for medical doctors.
We have explained the radiation pattern of Cell tower antenna, main beam and minor beam of an antenna, who are at more danger, radiation norms adopted in different countries, calculations for amount of radiation the body may be exposed to with current radiation norms, epidemiological symptoms observed with proximity to towers, biological effects of these radiations. In particular its affect on children and pregnant women, health problems reported from cell tower radiation and other EMF sources- case studies, its impact on the environment - birds, animals, bees, plants etc.
Prof Girish Kumar from IIT Bomaby talked about the engineering aspect of cell tower antennae and I presented the biological effects on humans, animals and mentioned a few case studies.
There are several hundreds of publications which show a positive link between cell phone/ cell tower radiation and its association with illness observed in people. Several thousands of cases have been reported worldwide. All this calls for immediate precautionary actions to be taken before it gets too late.
Radiation from Mobile Tower - Health Hazard, Norms, Cases Neha Kumar
Cell Tower Radiation Report- sent to Secretary DOT (Department of Telecommunications)
-By Prof. Girish Kumar, IIT Bombay.
Cell Tower Radiation Report prepared after going through 100's of research papers and interacting with several people/sufferers.
Section 7 is on Possible Solutions to reduce the ill effects of cell tower radiation.
Several health effects have been reported from Cell Tower radiation much below the radiation norms adopted by most countries.
Common problems that occur among below living near and below cell towers are Sleep Disturbance, concentration problem, memory loss, heart palpitations, etc. The radiations can also aggravate / lead to Alzheimer's and Parkin's disease.
Children are more prone to these radiations as their skulls are thinner and still developing. Studies by Dr. Om Gandhi show that radiation penetration in the head of an adult while using a mobile phone is 25%, in a 10 year old it is 50% and in a 5-year old it is 75%. Also pregnant women and older people are more susceptible to radiations.
All these health effects have been observed at levels much below the ICNIRP and FCC guidelines adopted by many countries.
Similar health effects have been observed in people in Germany, Israel, Sweden, Spain, UK, France etc.
Also lots of cancer cases have been reported among people living within 300 to 400 meter distance from the tower.
In a country like India where the population is very dense, achieving this is very difficult, hence it all the more calls for lower radiation norms.
At the end some case studies have been reported. These are only a few examples. The damage which has already occurred to the human race including environment, plants, animals, birds bees etc is phenomenal.
According to Australian Health Research Institute, if this trend continues, by 2020 - "2 Billion People will suffer from cell phone cancer". Even if 1% comes true, it will have devastating consequences to so many of us!!
All this calls for immediate need to adopt strict and lower radiation norms.
1) The document discusses the biological effects of electromagnetic radiation emitted by mobile phones and cell phone towers on human health. It notes that continued use of mobile phones can increase health risks due to thermal and non-thermal effects.
2) Thermal effects occur as electromagnetic waves from mobile phones are absorbed by human tissues, causing heating. This can raise local temperatures, especially near the head and brain where phones are often used. Non-thermal effects involve low-frequency pulsing of cell phone signals disrupting normal cell functions.
3) The document recommends that people keep away from cell phone towers and limit mobile phone use to reduce exposure to electromagnetic radiation, which some studies have linked to increased health risks from long-term
This document summarizes wireless electricity and power transfer techniques. It discusses Nikola Tesla's early work transmitting power wirelessly and defines different wireless power transfer methods like inductive coupling and resonant inductive coupling. Inductive coupling uses electromagnetic induction to transfer power between devices in close proximity like wireless charging pads. Resonant inductive coupling combines induction with resonance to transfer power over greater mid-range distances. The document also describes transferring power over long distances using microwave transmission and proposes collecting solar power in space and transmitting it to receivers on the ground. While wireless power has advantages like efficiency and flexibility, its disadvantages include higher setup costs and potential interference issues depending on the transmission method used.
Radiation pattern of a cell tower antennaNeha Kumar
Radiation Pattern from the cell tower Antenna has been drawn for basic understanding of a radiation pattern.
Page1:
This diagram was mainly used to describe why on a certain building the radiation levels vary from one apartment(say 7th floor) to the apartment above or below (6th and 8th floor) in a building at Khar (West), Mumbai.
The radiation pattern of a cell tower antenna is defined by its lobes. Radiation will be highest from the primary lobes in the horizontal direction. There is also radiation from secondary lobes.As seen in the figure, the readings that will be taken in between the lobes will be much lesser.
As seen the figure, the radiation will also be high vertically downward from the secondary lobes. This is what most mobile operaters hide or are not aware of in India.
Page 2:
Distance is another critical factor. The power density varies by (1/R2), where is R is the distance. People living within 50-300meter radiaus are in the high radiation zone. This data has been taken from a another country outside India. In the US for example, residential areas generally have amplifiers of 1-2 W. However in India, in many places even 100 to 200W of amplifiers are used and their are clusters of antennas from multiple operators on the roof top of several residential and office premises.
Page 3:
Simulated radiation pattern of a cell tower antenna from Prof. Girish kumar, IIT Bombay.
Page 4:
USHA KIRAN BUILDING - several cancer cases
Through the help of the above typical radiation pattern, let’s analyze the news reported in Mid-day, Mumbai dated Jan. 3, 2010, which stated - “Mumbai's swanky Usha Kiran building says the four cancer cases there could be linked to mobile towers installed on the facing Vijay Apartments”. The picture taken from the Usha Kiran building of the several antennas installed on the seventh floor of Vijay Apartments is shown in Fig. pn Page 4. People living in the 6th, 7th and 8th floor in the opposite building will get maximum radiation as they are in the main beam direction. People living on the other floors will receive lesser radiation as beam maxima is reduced considerably as can be observed from vertical radiation pattern. In the horizontal direction again, people living in the front side of the antenna will receive much higher radiation compared to people living in the back side of antenna.
http://www.mid-day.com/news/2010/jan...
Recently (as on Jan 2011) two more cancer cases have been reported on the 5th and on the 10th floor.
wireless charging of mobile phone using microwaveAkhil Raj
This document describes a proposed system for wirelessly charging mobile phones using microwaves. It would work by transmitting microwave signals from an antenna along with message signals. Mobile phones would be equipped with a receiver called a rectenna that converts the microwave energy into direct current to charge the phone battery while the user is talking. The document outlines the system components, advantages like eliminating chargers and allowing charging anywhere, and disadvantages like potential health effects and high costs. It concludes that this novel concept could help charge phones without wires.
This document discusses cell phone and cell tower radiation hazards and potential solutions. It provides background on how cell phones and towers operate and sources of radiation exposure. It describes thermal and non-thermal effects of microwave radiation on the human body, including increased cancer risk, DNA damage, and other biological effects. Case studies are presented showing higher cancer rates near cell towers. Standards for safe radiation levels are compared across countries. Suggested solutions include reducing cell tower transmission power and installing more low-power towers to address safety and health concerns while still providing cellular coverage.
hi every body this ppt is atmost best ppt up to my knowledge which will gives a idea of "what is wire less electricity"(ln med voltage range)
if you need this ppt ,just mail to "gopalsai77@gamil.com"
This document discusses the principles and history of wireless electricity transmission. It describes how wireless power can be transmitted over distances using magnetic resonance and induction between coils that are tuned to the same frequency. Nikola Tesla first demonstrated this in the late 19th century by transmitting electricity wirelessly over a distance. More recently, researchers have transmitted power to light bulbs up to 7 feet away without wires. Potential applications include powering devices in industrial, medical, and transportation settings without wires. However, biological impacts and high costs remain challenges.
Mobile phone networks use radio waves to allow communication between mobile phones and base stations. The base stations are connected to the telephone network and route calls. To provide coverage to more users, networks reuse frequencies by dividing coverage into cells served by base stations operating on different frequencies. As more users join the network, cell size decreases and more base stations are added to increase capacity without interference between frequencies. Common mobile technologies are GSM, operating at 900MHz and 1800MHz, and UMTS, operating at 2GHz.
Is Mobile Radiation harmful to your health? MALAYALAM AND ENGLISHRavi Ramakrishnan
The total mobile connections in the world is more than the global population. There are nearly 7.4 lakh cell phone towers to meet the communication demand in India. Microwave is used for communication between the tower and phone.
The same microwave is used in microwave oven also.
When these waves pass through the food articles in the oven, the water molecules will vibrate and thermal energy is released.
The document summarizes a seminar on wireless electricity transmission using microwaves. It discusses how Nikola Tesla experimented with wireless power in the late 19th/early 20th century. More recently, researchers have demonstrated converting microwaves to electricity using rectennas with over 95% efficiency. For wireless power transmission, microwaves would be beamed to rectennas on Earth from satellites in low or geostationary orbit. While promising, challenges include the large size needed for rectennas and high costs of over $70 billion to implement.
The document discusses whether radiation from cell phone towers is dangerous to human health. It provides an overview of cell phone towers and the microwave radiation they emit. It also discusses several studies that have linked cell tower radiation exposure to health issues like cancer, neurological problems, and birth defects in humans and animals. However, it notes there is still debate around the issue and more research is needed to understand the health risks. It also discusses some of the myths around the risks of cell tower radiation.
The document discusses the health risks of radiation from cell phones and cell towers. It begins by outlining the principles of microwave heating and how radiation is absorbed by the human body. It then examines international radiation exposure standards and guidelines, many of which are more stringent than what is adopted in India. Measurements taken near cell towers and inside homes show radiation levels far exceeding what is considered safe in other countries. The document raises concerns that current safety guidelines are inadequate and do not protect against non-thermal biological effects of low-level long-term exposure to radiation.
The document discusses units of measurement for radiation and fallout, effects of radiation exposure on human health, and major radiation accidents. The REM is used to measure radiation exposure levels, with 25 REMs potentially causing blood changes, 100 REMs being generally harmless, and over 450 REMs resulting in death for half of those exposed. Radiation can cause nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and damage cells over time. Major accidents releasing radiation included the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the Chernobyl nuclear plant disaster.
EUS2_How the Harmful Effects of Radiation can Affect Human HealthLayal Jambi
The document discusses the harmful effects of radiation on human health. It outlines the history of understanding radiation hazards from studies of radium dial painters, uranium miners, early medical workers and atomic bomb survivors. It defines radiation exposure and ionizing radiation, and describes the chain of biological events that can occur following radiation exposure, including effects on cells and tissues. The document concludes by discussing radiation protection practices aimed at limiting risk to people and the environment by keeping radiation exposure as low as reasonably achievable.
Effects of Mobile Tower Radiation and Cases reported worldwideNeha Kumar
Biological Effects of Cell Tower Radiation - Neha Kumar
Presentation at Bombay Telephone User’s Association ( BTUA ), Mumbai on Jan 2010 - Consumer Awareness and Radiation Health Hazards from cell phones and mobile towers - Myth or Reality
Several health effects have been reported from Cell Tower radiation much below the radiation norms adopted by most countries.
Common problems that occur among below living near and below cell towers are Sleep Disturbance, concentration problem, memory loss, heart palpitations, etc. The radiations can also aggravate / lead to Alzheimer's and Parkin's disease.
Children are more prone to these radiations as their skulls are thinner and still developing. Studies by Dr. Om Gandhi show that radiation penetration in the head of an adult while using a mobile phone is 25%, in a 10 year old it is 50% and in a 5-year old it is 75%. Also pregnant women and older people are more susceptible to radiations.
All these health effects have been observed at levels much below the ICNIRP and FCC guidelines adopted by many countries.
Similar health effects have been observed in people in Germany, Israel, Sweden, Spain, UK, France etc.
Also lots of cancer cases have been reported among people living within 300 to 400 meter distance from the tower.
In a country like India where the population is very dense, achieving this is very difficult, hence it all the more calls for lower radiation norms.
At the end some case studies have been reported. These are only a few examples. The damage which has already occurred to the human race including environment, plants, animals, birds bees etc is phenomenal.
According to Australian Health Research Institute, if this trend continues, by 2020 - "2 Billion People will suffer from cell phone cancer". Even if 1% comes true, it will have devastating consequences to so many of us!!
All this calls for immediate need to adopt strict and lower radiation norms.
The document summarizes the effects of electromagnetic radiation on humans. It discusses two main types of electromagnetic fields - low frequency EMFs around 50-60 Hz from power lines and household wiring, and high frequency EMFs from cell phones, microwaves, and antennas in the radio frequency range of 30 kHz to 300 GHz. While it is difficult to shield against magnetic fields from power lines, prolonged exposure to high frequency EMFs from devices can heat tissues and pose health risks. The document was submitted by a student for a seminar on the study of electromagnetic radiation and its impacts on people.
What are the guidelines for installation of mobile towers across the countryThe Radiation Doctor
The Department of Telecommunications in India has established strict regulations for installing mobile towers that mandate power emission levels, minimum distances from houses and buildings, and emission limits that are ten times stricter than international norms. Telecom enforcement units conduct random audits of operators to ensure emission levels below 0.45 watts per square meter at 900 MHz, and operators found exceeding this strict Indian limit can be fined Rs. Ten Lakhs per incident.
Gujarat High Court judgment on Reliance Jio 4G towerFlame Of Truth
Gujarat high court on Friday directed the state government and the Centre to create public awareness that they have no reason to fear the emission of radio active waves from mobile tower. The HC ordered so with observation that the use of the mobile phone, AM Radio, FM Radio etc. is more harmful to the human beings compared to the power emission from the Base Transceiver Stations and that of mobile towers...
Ionizing radiation can damage biological molecules and tissues by removing electrons from atoms, breaking molecular bonds. This radiation damage occurs through direct interaction with radiation or indirectly via reactive oxygen species produced by radiolysis of water. DNA is particularly susceptible to radiation damage which can lead to mutations if not repaired. The type and severity of health effects from radiation exposure depends on dose and can include hematopoietic, gastrointestinal and central nervous system syndromes causing acute illness.
The document provides a final presentation on improving quality and productivity in the construction of telecom towers. It identifies key issues with current construction practices such as poor quality, cost overruns, and delays. The objectives are to study contracting procedures and suggest productivity improvements. Site visits found issues with materials, formwork, soil conditions, concrete, labor, and management. Process mapping is applied to identify processes for improvement like material staging. Suggestions include better supervision, equipment use, and safety practices.
Cell Phone and Cell Tower Radiation NormsNeha Kumar
Better Radiation Norms for Cell Phones/Cell Towers - Prof. Girish Kumar , IIT Bombay
Presentation at Bombay Telephone User’s Association ( BTUA ), Mumbai on Jan 2010 - Consumer Awareness and Radiation Health Hazards from cell phones and mobile towers - Myth or Reality
The Indian government has adopted the ICNIRP guidlenes for cell tower radiation exposure which are the worst in the world. Several health effects have been reported much below these ICNIRP guidelines.
The ICNIRP state that these guidelines are only for short term exposure and considers only thermal effects and does not take account non thermal effects which are more harmful and occurs much below thermal effects. According to our calculations the ICNIRP guidleines implies that a human body can be safely kept in a microwave oven for 1166 secs = 19 minutes per day!! (see presentation for calculations)
In USA, max. SAR limit for cell phones is 1.6W/Kg which is for 6 minutes. It has a safety margin of 3 to 4, so a person should not use cell phone for more than 18 to 24 minutes per day. This information is not commonly given to users.
In Usha Kiran Building, Worli four cancer cases were reported until now from cell phone towers on the opposite building at about 50 meter. However, in the event one of the residents mentioned that the number of cancer cases had risen to six now and these cases were reported on the 5th, 6th (2 cases), 7th, 8th and 10th floor, all these houses are in direct line of sight from the tower installed on the opposite building on the 7th Floor.
Besides human health, electromagnetic radiation has also effected the environment, birds, animals, plants and fruit production.
Other countries based on the cases reported and their studies have adopted much lower radiation norms to protect their citizens.
All this calls for immediate need to adopt strict and lower radiation norms.
In the end, some suggestions have been given which can be adopted as possible solutions to minimize the risk of EMF radiation from cell towers.
The document discusses the biological effects of electromagnetic radiation from cell phones and cell towers. It notes that cell phones and towers emit electromagnetic radiation that can cause significant health hazards to humans, animals, plants and the environment. It provides information on radiation levels from cell towers and calculates the power absorbed by the human body from such radiation, noting it exceeds international safety guidelines. The document outlines several biological effects of this radiation exposure including sleep issues, headaches, concentration problems, and increased cancer risk. It expresses health concerns with current safety standards and guidelines.
This document summarizes the potential radiation hazards from cell phones and cell towers. It discusses electromagnetic radiation sources like cell towers, phones, WiFi routers and their operating frequencies. Safety standards are based on thermal effects but non-thermal effects are more harmful. Measurements near cell towers found radiation levels exceeding safety limits and international guidelines vary widely in their limits. Biological effects of non-ionizing radiation exposure are an area of ongoing research and concern.
This document summarizes research on cell phone tower radiation and associated health risks. It discusses:
1) Radiation levels from cell towers are much higher than needed for communication near the towers, exposing some residents to radiation levels equivalent to being in a microwave oven for 19 minutes per day.
2) International safety guidelines vary widely, with some countries adopting limits 100-1000 times lower than India's guidelines.
3) Numerous studies have found health effects from radiation levels below current safety guidelines, including increased cancer risk, DNA damage, and effects on brain function, fertility, and more. Therefore, current safety limits may not adequately protect public health.
4) Both thermal and non-thermal effects of radiation need
Base stations and headsets mobile radio systems radiationmarwaeng
This document discusses techniques to reduce radiation from mobile radio systems, including base stations and mobile handsets. It summarizes methods to improve the efficiency and directivity of base station antennas using smart antennas. It also analyzes the complex near-field radiation effects on users from mobile handsets and proposes a fold-over handset design that extends the antenna away from the head, significantly reducing radiation absorption. Simulations show this design reduces radiation absorption in the head by over 50 times compared to conventional handset designs. The document concludes that improving power efficiency and mitigating radiation in mobile radio systems is important as their use continues to grow rapidly.
Sa college emi compliance approaches and techniques in the deployment of mobi...jsk1950
1. The document discusses electromagnetic field (EMF) radiation from mobile communication antennas and compliance approaches.
2. It covers topics like EMF radiation, non-ionizing radiation, mobile network architecture, radiation effects on human health, and regulatory safety limits.
3. Measurement techniques for assessing EMF exposure are presented, including calculating total equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP) and classifying sites based on accessibility and compliance with exposure limits.
Hazards from cell phones and cell towers gk kem hospitalNeha Kumar
Presentation at KEM Hospital on 20th September 2010 for medical doctors.
We have explained the radiation pattern of Cell tower antenna, main beam and minor beam of an antenna, who are at more danger, radiation norms adopted in different countries, calculations for amount of radiation the body may be exposed to with current radiation norms, epidemiological symptoms observed with proximity to towers, biological effects of these radiations. In particular its affect on children and pregnant women, health problems reported from cell tower radiation and other EMF sources- case studies, its impact on the environment - birds, animals, bees, plants etc.
Prof Girish Kumar from IIT Bomaby talked about the engineering aspect of cell tower antennae and I presented the biological effects on humans, animals and mentioned a few case studies.
There are several hundreds of publications which show a positive link between cell phone/ cell tower radiation and its association with illness observed in people. Several thousands of cases have been reported worldwide. All this calls for immediate precautionary actions to be taken before it gets too late.
The document discusses potential health hazards from radiation emitted by cell phones and cell towers. It outlines the speaker's presentation which will cover RF sources like cell towers, antennas, safety standards, radiation measurements near towers, and case studies of health effects. It also provides information on radiation levels from common sources in India, how radiation is absorbed in the body, and calculates that Indian safety standards would expose a person to the equivalent of hours in a microwave oven per day.
certanily we can not today dispense with mobile phones where they have became part of our lives each person now have mobile phone as result it is quick way to connect with other ,with this technological development must not forget that the most important factor ,it is health
This document summarizes research on the exposure of microwaves from cellular networks. It describes how microwaves interact with biological systems and discusses measurement techniques and safety standards regarding microwave exposure. While some studies have alleged health hazards from microwaves, independent reviews by health organizations have found no evidence that exposure to microwaves below international safety limits causes harm. The document concludes that with precautions like limiting exposure time and using phones with lower SAR ratings, microwaves from cell phones pose minimal health risks.
This document summarizes research on the exposure of microwaves from cellular networks. It describes how microwaves interact with biological systems and discusses measurement techniques and safety standards regarding microwave exposure. While some studies have alleged health hazards from microwaves, independent reviews by health organizations have found no evidence that exposure to microwaves below international safety limits causes harm. The document concludes that with precautions like limiting exposure time and using phones with lower SAR ratings, microwaves from cell phones pose minimal health risks.
Recent Trend in Electromagnetic Radiation and Compliance Assessments for 5G C...IJECEIAES
The deployment of the 5G networks will feature high proliferation of radio base station (RBS) in order to meet the increasing demand for bandwidth and also to provide wider coverage that will support more mobile users and the internet-of-things (IoT). The radio frequency (RF) waves from the large-scale deployment of the RBS and mobile devices will raise concerns on the level of electromagnetic (EM) radiation exposure to the public. Hence, in this paper, we provide an overview of the exposure limits, discuss some of the effects of the EM emission, reduction techniques and compliance assessment for the 5G communication systems. We discuss the open issues and give future directions.
This aim of this paper is to investigate the specific absorption rate (SAR) distribution in a human head by
using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) calculations, due to exposure to EMF radiation from a
mobile phone at frequencies 900 MHz Mobile Phone model with a λ/2 monopole antenna and a hand head
phone model dimensions are 100 mm x 50 mm x 20 mm. The head model used is a sphere with a diameter
of 18 cm. The FDTD grid size used in the computation was 2.5 mm. The distance between the antenna and
head was 5 mm. To simplify the FDTD simulation, the SAR in the head was calculated without the effect of
the human body. It was found that the SAR induced in the head decreases with the distance from the
radiating source.
RF & BTS Parameter Collection
Deployment Plan
EMF calculation using formulae (software based)
EMF testing using specialized EMF testers
Identify RF restricted areas where over-exposure is a possibility
Documentation & Report generation
This document provides information about designing a microwave link between two sites in Pakistan for a semester project. It includes:
1) Details of the two sites and student information.
2) An introduction explaining microwave radio relay technology and how it is used to transmit signals over long distances using line-of-sight paths.
3) Technical explanations of key concepts in microwave communication systems like frequency, wavelength, free space loss, antenna gain, and how they relate to designing an optimal microwave link.
Microwaves are electromagnetic waves with frequencies between 300MHz- 300GHz. Microwave communication uses microwave towers to transmit signals over long distances via line-of-sight. Key applications of microwaves include communication systems, satellite systems, radar for target detection, microwave heating for cooking and industrial processes, and microwave spectroscopy for materials analysis. Microwaves have advantages over lower frequencies including smaller antenna size, ability to penetrate some materials, and providing larger bandwidth for more channels in communication.
The document provides information about microwave technology including definitions, generation, applications, transmission, and uses of microwaves. It discusses how microwaves have wavelengths between 1-30 cm and frequencies between 1-100 GHz. Key applications mentioned include radar, communications, radiometry, and cooking food in microwave ovens. Microwave transmission uses line-of-sight propagation through methods like waveguides, transmission lines, and radiation/reception with horns and reflectors.
This document describes a proposed technology for wirelessly charging mobile phones using microwaves. It discusses how microwaves could be transmitted from base stations via a magnetron and slotted waveguide antenna. Mobile phones would be equipped with a rectenna to convert the microwave energy into electricity. The receiver section would use a sensor circuit and rectification process using a Schottky diode to produce DC power for charging. While this could allow for more convenient wireless charging over distances, concerns about radiation exposure and dependence on network coverage would need to be addressed. The technology could potentially transform mobile phone charging by eliminating wired connections.
The document provides an overview of microwave tubes, including their operation and applications. It discusses:
1) The limitations of conventional vacuum tubes at microwave frequencies due to transit time effects and stray reactance. Microwave tubes were developed to overcome these limitations.
2) The main types of microwave tubes - klystrons, traveling wave tubes, and magnetrons. It focuses on the reflex klystron, describing its mechanism of operation involving velocity modulation of electrons and the formation of bunches at the resonant cavity.
3) Modes of oscillation in the reflex klystron and factors affecting its power output and efficiency. Applications include radar receivers and local oscillators.
Harmful effects of mobile phone and mobile tower radiation - Avishkar Magazin...Neha Kumar
Harmful effects of cell phone and cell tower radiation - Avishkar Magazine ( Hindi ), July 2014
by Prof. Girish Kumar and Dr. D.D. Ojha
The harmful effects of cell phone and tower radiation are highlighted along with effect on environment and suggestions to take corrective measures
Prof. Girish Kumar's 3rd Newsletter on Cell Tower Radiation Hazards and Solut...Neha Kumar
Prof. Girish Kumar's 3rd Newsletter brings forward a lot of hidden facts that the Cell Industry has been trying to hide. Facts that as users everyone must be aware about.
Highlights:
# Comments on book - "Mobile Phones and Public Health - Myth and Reality",
# Effects of cell phone/tower radiation on:
- DNA damage leading to cancer
- Infertility
- Hearing loss
- Vision impairments, etc.
# WHO's latest comments on cell towers
# Wi-Fi ban in schools in many countries
# Recommendations for more stringent classification of cell phone/tower radiation as a carcinogen.
Prof. Girish Kumar's comments on "DOT Report for Allahabad HC" on EMF Radiati...Neha Kumar
Prof. Girish Kumar's good work on Cell Phone and Cell Tower Radiation Hazards is being sidelined by telecom representatives and the facts are being twisted.
In this report Prof. Girish Kumar's has summarized his comments in blue colour.
Prof. Girish Kumar's comments ON Report of the Committee Constituted as per direction of Hon’ble High Court Allahabad, Lucknow Bench in its order dated 10.01.2012 in writ petition No. 11275 (M/B) of 2010
ON ISSUES RELATED TO EMF RADIATION
Highlights:
- Prof. Girish Kumar' calculations are twisted by the commitee and presented wrongly.
- They have forcefully written "Prof. (Dr.) Girish Kumar has agreed that all these factors have not been considered in the calculations given by him".
> However the truth is - He did not agree with the committee but they chose to write for the reason best known to them.
- They have mentioned "currently there is no CONCLUSIVE scientific evidence which establishes that EMF has harmful non-thermal effects".
> However Prof. Kumar has repeated presented the BIO-INITIATIVE report 2012 which has given references of 3800 scientific research papers but committee chose to ignore all the time due to reasons best known to them.
- They have mentioned "so far, no conclusive evidence on adverse health effects by EMF radiation from mobile handset has been found internationally by World Health Organization (WHO)."
> No conclusive evidence does not mean no evidence. WHO accepted cell phone as possibly Carcinogen in 2011, where as earlier they had not classified as Class 2B. The reason is that radiation hazards are cumulative in nature and as usage is increasing with time, larger number of people are reporting health hazards.
- They have mentioned "In order to implement the EMF radiation norms, DoT has prescribed a procedure to be followed by the telecom service providers. To oversee the implementation, DoT through its 34 field units, known as TERM units, takes self-certificates for compliance of EMF norms by the operators and conducts regular audit of the EMF radiation exposure from the mobile towers as per the prescribed procedure".
> Self certification is not good. Also, audit of only 10% of sites is done
Prof. Girish Kumar's 2nd Newsletter on Cell Tower Radiation Hazards and Solut...Neha Kumar
ell Phone/ Tower Radiation Hazards and Solutions
Newsletter, Bi-Monthly; Volume 2, September - October 2013
by Prof. Girish Kumar, IIT Bombay
Highlights:
# Juhi Chawla's message on cell phone radiation
# Guidelines by Government (DOT) not sufficient to protect people
# What cell operators and their representative say
# Harmful effects of Cell Towers on side walls or top of your building
Predicted exponential growth in health hazards
# ICNIRP Funding - Questioned by large number of people
# Bioinitiative Report - The most authetic report
# Precautions to reduce exposure to the radiation from mobile phones
# Cell Tower Radiation Readings - Safe and High - Radiation Scale
National Conference organized by ICAI - Cell Tower Radiation HazardsNeha Kumar
National Conference on Co-Operative Societies, Trusts, Organized by Institute of Chartered Accountants of India in Mumbai on August 3, 2013, Mumbai.
Ms. Neha Kumar gave a lecture on Cell phone/tower radiation hazards followed by interaction with Prof. Girish Kumar and Neha Kumar with more than 400 CAs from various parts of the country. Neha's presentation and first issue of Prof. Girish Kumar's Newsletter on Cell Tower Radiation Hazards are included in their proceedings
Presentation and first issue of Newsletter on Cell Tower Radiation are included in their proceedings Pg 48-70
Proceedings available at: http://cconpo.icai.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Background-Material-for-National-Conference-on-Co-Operative-Societies-Trusts-Redevelopment-of-Properties-Legal-and-taxation-Aspects-held-on-3rd-4th-August-2013.pdf
Event Schedule:
http://cconpo.icai.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/National-Conference-on-Co-Operative-Societies-Trustrs-Redevelopment-of-Properties-Legal-and-Taxation-Aspects-on-3rd-4th-August-2013-at-Mumbai2.pdf
Pictures available at: http://neha-wilcom.blogspot.in/2013/09/national-conference-organized-by.html
Interpretation of Cell Tower Readings Measured by TERM Cell / TCIL vs. Safe l...Neha Kumar
This document discusses cell tower radiation measurements and safety standards. It notes that while measurements in India indicate radiation levels are within government standards, these standards are much higher than what is considered safe for health. Readings as low as 0.1 mW/sq.m have been associated with health issues, whereas standards allow levels over 100 times higher. Adopting stricter safety guidelines closer to the recommended safe levels is important to protect public health from long term exposure to cell tower radiation.
Cell Tower Radiation Danger and Solutions Proposed to Government - Prof. Giri...Neha Kumar
This document discusses the dangers of radiation from cell towers in densely populated areas like Mumbai. It summarizes research showing links between cell phone radiation and cancers like glioma and acoustic neuroma. Measurements near homes in Mumbai found radiation levels exceeding international safety limits. The document recommends reducing cell tower transmission power and relocating towers to lower radiation levels near homes to below 100-1000 microW/m2. However, telecom operators may be reluctant to incur costs of adding towers or transmission equipment.
Biological Effects of Cell Tower Radiation - Neha Kumar , Prof. Girish Kumar - IIT Bombay
Presentation at Bombay Telephone User’s Association ( BTUA ), Mumbai on Jan 2010 - Consumer Awareness and Radiation Health Hazards from cell phones and mobile towers - Myth or Reality
Several health effects have been reported from Cell Tower radiation much below the radiation norms adopted by most countries.
Common problems that occur among below living near and below cell towers are Sleep Disturbance, concentration problem, memory loss, heart palpitations, etc. The radiations can also aggravate / lead to Alzheimer's and Parkin's disease.
Children are more prone to these radiations as their skulls are thinner and still developing. Studies by Dr. Om Gandhi show that radiation penetration in the head of an adult while using a mobile phone is 25%, in a 10 year old it is 50% and in a 5-year old it is 75%. Also pregnant women and older people are more susceptible to radiations.
All these health effects have been observed at levels much below the ICNIRP and FCC guidelines adopted by many countries.
Similar health effects have been observed in people in Germany, Israel, Sweden, Spain, UK, France etc.
Also lots of cancer cases have been reported among people living within 300 to 400 meter distance from the tower.
In a country like India where the population is very dense, achieving this is very difficult, hence it all the more calls for lower radiation norms.
At the end some case studies have been reported. These are only a few examples. The damage which has already occurred to the human race including environment, plants, animals, birds bees etc is phenomenal.
According to Australian Health Research Institute, if this trend continues, by 2020 - "2 Billion People will suffer from cell phone cancer". Even if 1% comes true, it will have devastating consequences to so many of us!!
All this calls for immediate need to adopt strict and lower radiation norms.
Cell Tower Radiation Report- sent to Secretary DOT (Department of Telecommunications)
-By Prof. Girish Kumar, IIT Bombay.
Cell Tower Radiation Report prepared after going through 100's of research papers and interacting with several people/sufferers.
Section 7 is on Possible Solutions to reduce the ill effects of cell tower radiation.
Cell Tower Radiation Report- sent to Secretary DOT (Department of Telecommunications)
-By Prof. Girish Kumar, IIT Bombay.
Cell Tower Radiation Report prepared after going through 100's of research papers and interacting with several people/sufferers.
Section 7 is on Possible Solutions to reduce the ill effects of cell tower radiation.
.
The document is a report on cell tower radiation submitted to the Secretary of Transportation in Delhi, India. It was prepared by Professor Girish Kumar of IIT Bombay. The report discusses the radiation emitted by cell towers and associated health risks. It provides information on radiation norms adopted internationally and measurements of radiation levels at various distances from cell towers. The report also summarizes various biological effects of microwave radiation exposure and epidemiological studies linking cell tower radiation to increased cancer risks and other health issues.
Cell Tower Radiation Report 2010 - sent to DOT, IndiaNeha Kumar
Cell Tower Radiation Report- sent to Secretary DOT (Department of Telecommunications)
-By Prof. Girish Kumar, IIT Bombay.
Cell Tower Radiation Report prepared after going through 100's of research papers and interacting with several people/sufferers.
Section 7 is on Possible Solutions to reduce the ill effects of cell tower radiation.
Cell Tower Radiation Report- sent to Secretary DOT (Department of Telecommunications)
-By Prof. Girish Kumar, IIT Bombay.
Cell Tower Radiation Report prepared after going through 100's of research papers and interacting with several people/sufferers.
Section 7 is on Possible Solutions to reduce the ill effects of cell tower radiation.
Radiation Shield
People residing close to the towers are always exposed to the continuous electromagnetic radiation from mobile towers. Plus with rapid advent in technology, there is more radiation from Wi-fi, microwave ovens, laptops, desktops, TV and FM towers etc.
The 'Radiation Shield' is a passive device to absorb these harmful radiations between the frequency of 800MHz to 4GHz (which includes the mobile, mobile tower, Wi-fi, Wi-max frequencies etc.)..for details visit - http://www.wilcom.co.in/
Sick of Cell phone Blabber at your premises?
Though Mobile phones are helpful in many ways, at times it becomes a nuisance especially in jails, conference rooms, places of worship, chemical plants, class rooms, libraries etc.
The mobile silencer when switched on blocks the signal between the cell phone and its tower. Similarly, on switching off, the signal is restored in seconds.
Hindustan Times April 4, 2009 Page10
People residing close to the towers are always exposed to the continuous electromagnetic radiation from mobile towers. Plus with rapid advent in technology, there is more radiation from Wi-fi, microwave ovens, laptops, desktops, TV and FM towers etc.
The 'Radiation Shield' is a passive device to absorb these harmful radiations between the frequency of 800MHz to 4GHz (which includes the mobile, mobile tower, Wi-fi, Wi-max frequencies etc.)..for details visit - http://www.wilcom.co.in/
Hindustan Times - April 4, 2009 Page 11
Though Mobile phones are helpful in many ways, at times it becomes a nuisance especially in jails, conference rooms, places of worship, chemical plants etc.
The mobile silencer when switched on blocks the signal between the cell phone and its tower. Similarly, on switcing off, the signal is restored in seconds.
IIT professor builds device to reduce risk of radiationNeha Kumar
DNA - Tuesday, February 9, 2010
How to shield your building from the harmful affects of radiation? Ask Girish Kumar, the IIT Bombay professor, who has invented a shield that can be installed in concrete structures to block radiation.
Radiation emitted from Cell Phones, Cell phone towers, Wi-Fi, TV and FM towers, microwave ovens, etc are called Electromagnetic radiations and are known to cause significant Biological effects on the human body and health of animals. Children are more prone to these effects as their skulls are thinner and still developing. This report summarizes the various studies done in reputed institutions of US, Germany, Sweden, Australia etc. Also, several news reports on the same have been accounted. In addition, some advise tips for the use of these devices have been mentioned. With the rapid advent in technology, avoidance of these radiations is almost close to impossible. It is due to this reason a solution, "Radiation Shield" has been invented by Prof. Girish Kumar of IIT Bombay, India, to absorb the excess radiation emitted from these sources
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial IntelligenceIndexBug
Imagine a world where machines not only perform tasks but also learn, adapt, and make decisions. This is the promise of Artificial Intelligence (AI), a technology that's not just enhancing our lives but revolutionizing entire industries.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Infrastructure Challenges in Scaling RAG with Custom AI modelsZilliz
Building Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems with open-source and custom AI models is a complex task. This talk explores the challenges in productionizing RAG systems, including retrieval performance, response synthesis, and evaluation. We’ll discuss how to leverage open-source models like text embeddings, language models, and custom fine-tuned models to enhance RAG performance. Additionally, we’ll cover how BentoML can help orchestrate and scale these AI components efficiently, ensuring seamless deployment and management of RAG systems in the cloud.
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
20240609 QFM020 Irresponsible AI Reading List May 2024
Cell Tower Radiation Effects
1. ISMOT /09/C/318
Biological Effects of Cell Tower Radiation on Human Body
Neha Kumar1 and Prof. Girish Kumar2*
Electrical Engineering Department, IIT Bombay
Powai, Mumbai – 400 076, India
Tel: 022-2576-7436; Fax: 022-2572-3707; E-mail: gkumar@ee.iitb.ac.in
Abstract- Continuous exposure to microwave proper communication. A building situated at
radiations from Cell phone towers, TV and FM 10’s of meter from the tower will receive 10,000
towers cause serious health problems over the times stronger signal than required for mobile
years. Microwave radiation effects are classified communication. In cities like Mumbai, Delhi,
as - thermal and non-thermal. The current
Bangalore etc, millions of people reside within
exposure safety standards are mainly based on the
thermal effects, which are inadequate.
these high radiation zones.
Measurements have been carried out at various
places near the cell towers and it has been found Not all standards and guidelines throughout the
that the radiation levels are very high. This paper world have recommended the same limits for
reviews various epidemiological and experimental exposure. For example, some published
studies, which show significant biological effects exposure limits in Russia and some eastern
far below the current standards. Also, the details European countries have been generally more
of Radiation Shield are given, which consists of restrictive than existing or proposed
orthogonally polarized multiple broad band recommendations for exposure developed in
monopole antennas to absorb the undesired
North America and other parts of Europe.
radiation.
Index Terms- Biological Effects, Broadband
Antennas, Cell Tower Radiation, Microwave II. MEASURED RADIATED POWER
Radiation, Radiation Shield
Radiation level measurements near several cell
sites were carried out using broadband
I. INTRODUCTION monopole antenna of gain = 2 dB and spectrum
analyzer. The measurements were done at
With increase in cell phone communication, different locations in front of the transmitting
number of cell towers getting installed is towers at a distance varying from 50m to 150m,
increasing every day. In India, currently there at different heights, inside and outside the
are nearly 3.75 lakh cell phone towers, and to buildings, and at various angles from the tower
meet the communication demand, the number (within and off the main beam lobe). For a cell
will increase to 4.25 lakh towers by 2010. The site consisting of transmitting towers of CDMA,
cell tower transmits in the frequency range of GSM900 and GSM1800, signal strengths were
869 - 894 MHz (CDMA), 935 - 960 MHz measured for each frequency bands. At a
(GSM900) and 1805 – 1880 MHz (GSM1800). distance of 50m, the measured power varied
Also, 3G has been deployed in a few cities, between -20 to -30 dBm inside the rooms but
whose tower transmits in the frequency range of near the window. At a distance of 100 to 150 m
2110 – 2170 MHz. Majority of these towers are and at different angles, the measured power
mounted near the residential and office buildings varied between -30 to -50 dBm in the frequency
to provide good mobile phone coverage to the band of 800, 900 and 1800 MHz. These
users. A mobile phone tower and its transmitting measurements agree with the theoretical
power are designed such a way that it covers a calculations.
distance of at least a few kilometers, implying
that a mobile phone at that distance should be Power Received Pr by an antenna at a distance R
able to transmit and receive enough signal for is given by:
2. ISMOT 2009, Dec. 16-19, New Delhi, India 1366
for long-term exposure, reporting that the power
2 densities should not exceed 100 µW/m2 [1].
P × Gt × Area ⎛ λ ⎞
Pr = t = Pt × Gt × Gr × ⎜ ⎟
4πR ⎝ 4πR ⎠
2
At many places, cell phone towers are mounted
For a transmitter power of Pt = 20 W, on the roof top of the residential /commercial
transmitting antenna gain of Gt = 10 dB, buildings. Even though antenna radiates less
receiving monopole antenna of gain Gt = 2 dB, power vertically down but the distance between
the received power at R = 50 m is: the antenna and top floor is usually a few
meters, so the radiation level in the top two
At 887 MHz, Pr = -10.2 dBm. floors remain very high.
At 945 MHz, Pr = -10.8 dBm.
At 1872 MHz, Pr = -16.7 dBm
III. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
The concrete wall provides some attenuation and
also these buildings were not directly in the When a human body is exposed to the
direction of maximum radiation of transmitting electromagnetic radiation, it absorbs radiation,
antenna, and hence measured power is less than because human body contains 70% of liquid. It
theoretically calculated power. is similar to that of cooking in the microwave
oven. The human height is much greater than the
A mobile phone requires -80 to -100 dBm input wavelength of the cell tower transmitting
power for its proper operation. In comparison frequencies, so there will be multiple resonances
with -80 dBm level, the measured power level at in the body, which creates localized heating
R = 50m is at least 50 to 60 dB higher, which inside the body. This results in boils, drying up
translates to 100,000 to 1000,000 times stronger the fluids around eyes, brain, joints, heart,
signal than a mobile phone requires. This is not abdomen, etc
surprising, as one cell tower typically covers a
radius of a few kilometers, so at 50 m distance, The current international standards (based on
signal will be very strong as transmitted power ICNIRP recommendations) are purely based on
varies as 1/R2. the thermal effects of radiation where as various
epidemiological and experimental studies have
The power density at R = 50m is equal to 6.366 shown to have significant biological effects far
mW/m2 = 6366 µW/m2. According to the Soviet below these standards. Non-thermal effects of
Union standard, the safe radiation limit is Radio frequency radiation accumulate over time
0.1W/m2 = 0.01mW/cm2 = 100,000µW/m2 for 2 and the risks are more pronounced after 8 to 10
hours of exposure per day. This limit was years of exposure [2]. The effects are not
established several decades back in Soviet observed in the initial years of exposure as the
Union, which has cold weather. For tropical body has certain defense mechanisms and the
countries, such as, India, which is hot and pressure is on the stress proteins of the body,
humid, the acceptable maximum radiated power namely the heat shock proteins [3]. This means
density should be much lower. Also, the above that the body recognizes these electromagnetic
limit is for a maximum exposure of 2 hours/day, radiations as a potential harm. An additional
whereas some of the people (especially older concern is that if the stress goes on too long,
people, house wives, small children) living near there is a reduced response, and the cells are less
the towers are exposed to this radiation 24 hours protected against the damage. This is why
a day. In a more recent study in Germany, a prolonged or chronic exposures may be quite
threshold of 1,000 µW/m2 was pointed out for harmful, even at very low intensities.
non-thermal biological effects, and a further
safety factor of 10 was recommended for pulsed Radiation from cell phone towers has been
radiation sources as cellular phone base stations associated with greater increase in brain tumor
[2]. This is due to the damage in the blood brain
barrier and the cells in the brain which are
3. 1367 Biological Effects of Cell Tower Radiation on Human Body
concerned with learning, memory and pain, depression, and sleep disturbance [13].
movement. Studies by Carl Blackman have More severe reactions include seizures,
shown that weak electromagnetic fields release paralysis, psychosis and stroke. All point to the
calcium ions from cell membranes [4]. Leakage fact that the current exposure standards for
of calcium ions into the cytosol acts as a microwaves are not safe for long-term exposure.
metabolic stimulant, which accelerates growth
and healing, but it also promotes the growth of A study in Australia found that children living
tumors. Loss of calcium ions causes leaks in the near TV and FM broadcast towers had more
membranes of lysosomes releasing DNAase that than twice the rate of leukemia as children living
causes DNA damage. Another possibility of more than seven miles away from these towers
DNA damage is via increased free radical [14]. In another study, TV signal exposed
formation inside cells [5, 6], which further workers were observed to have increased
causes cellular damage in the mitochondria. Immunoglobulin G and A and decreased
Irreversible infertility has been reported in mice lymphocytes and T8 cells, resulting in a
[7] and continuous exposure has been associated decrease in immune response [15].
with reduction in sperm viability and mobility
by around 25 percent in men [8]. Children are In a German study, it was found that proportion
more vulnerable to radio frequency radiation of newly developed cancer cases was three times
emissions as their skulls are thinner, their higher among those who had lived during the
nervous system still developing and myelin past ten years at a distance of up to 400m from
sheath is yet not developed. A pregnant woman the cellular transmitter site, compared to those
and the fetus both are vulnerable because of the living further away. Also, patients fell ill on
fact that these RF radiations continuously react average 8 years earlier. It is recommended that
with the developing embryo and increasing cells. the safe limit of radiations for human beings is
Microwave radiation damages the placental up to 50 µW/m2 and the upper limit is 100
barrier, implying that pregnant woman should µW/m2.
not use cell phone [9]. The RF Exposure can
adversely affect the heart pace maker,
implantable cardiovascular defibrillators and IV. RADIATION SHIELD
impulse generators [10]. These radiations may
stop Pace Maker from delivering pulses in a Since antennas are used for transmitting and
regular way or may generate some kind of receiving signals. A “Radiation Shield”
external controlling pulse putting the patient to consisting of multiple orthogonally polarized
death. Studies of people who are exposed in broadband monopole antennas, has been
their work (occupational exposure), have shown developed. The antennas are broadband planar
to have elevated levels of health risks. Another circular monopole antennas and are designed to
study reveals that workers who are in the highest cover the frequency range from 800 to 4000
10% category for EMF exposure are twice as MHz. The antennas are terminated in matched
likely to die of prostate cancer as those exposed load to absorb the harmful radiation to produce a
at lower levels [11]. Exposure to safe radiation free environment. The details of
electromagnetic fields has shown to be in these antennas and other measurements will be
connection with Alzheimer’s disease, motor presented at the symposium.
neuron disease and Parkinson’s disease [12]. All
these diseases are involved with the death of
specific neurons and are classified as V. CONCLUSIONS
neurodegenerative diseases. Inhabitants living
near mobile phone base stations are also at risk In addition to the continuous radiation from cell
for developing neuropsychiatric problems as towers, there is radiation from cell phones,
headache, memory loss, nausea, dizziness, wireless phones, computers, laptops, TV towers,
tremors, muscle spasms, numbness, tingling,
FM towers, microwave ovens, etc. We are
altered reflexes, muscle and joint paint, leg/foot
4. ISMOT 2009, Dec. 16-19, New Delhi, India 1368
exposed to all these radiations, which are absorbs 10% to 50% of radiation depending
additive in nature. Stricter radiation norms must upon its placement and direction of source of
be enforced by the policy makers across the radiation. Multiple units can absorb radiation up
to 80% to 90%. Mobile companies should not be
globe.
in the denial mode, and accept that radiation
This does not mean that we have to stop living causes serious health problems, only then people
near these towers. We all know that automobiles all over the world will carry out research to
create air pollution – have we stopped using come out with solutions.
them? Instead solutions were found such as
unleaded petrol, CNG driven vehicle, hybrid
vehicles, etc. Similarly, the solution to avoid
excess radiation is to use radiation shield, which
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