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Pathogenicity refers to the ability of a microorganism to cause disease. A pathogen is a microorganism that causes disease. An asymptomatic or subclinical infection produces no clinical evidence of disease. There are two basic types of asepsis: medical and surgical. Viruses must enter living cells in order to reproduce since they consist primarily of nucleic acid. Nosocomial infections are infections that originate in the hospital.
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1.Explain the two main features that characterize the third line of host defense mechanisms.
2.Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) leads to the production of cancerous B cells, and treatment often involves bone marrow transplantation. Based upon your knowledge of lymphocyte development, explain how this procedure can lead to therapeutic effects in some patients.
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一模一样【微信：A575476】【美国加州大学圣地亚哥分校毕业证（ucsd毕业证书）成绩单Offer】【微信：A575476】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：A575476】文凭即可
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留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
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This document provides information on measles (rubeola), including its definition, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, complications, diagnosis, treatment, vaccination, and prophylaxis. It describes measles as a highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever and rash. Key points include that measles virus is transmitted via respiratory droplets; the vaccine is live attenuated measles virus that provides 95% protection with two recommended doses at 12-15 months and 4-6 years of age.
Infection- Types, Mode of Infection Question Discussion
Immunology Question discussion topic Infection
Nosocomial infections
Nosocomial infections (NIs), also known as hospital-acquired infections, develop in patients during or after a hospital stay. NIs can be caused by a patient's own microflora or by contact with other carriers such as medical staff or other patients. Common sites of NI include the respiratory, digestive, and urinary tracts. Risk factors include invasive medical procedures, antibiotic overuse contributing to resistant strains, and inadequate sanitation. Preventing the spread of NIs requires proper diagnosis, treatment, surveillance, hygiene practices such as disinfection and sterilization, and staff education.
Please Pick 2 question to answer from each chapter and provide refer.docx
Please Pick 2 question to answer from each chapter and provide reference.
2 questions per chapter (chapter 15-20) 10 questions total. Word doc attached.
Chapter 15
1.Explain the two main features that characterize the third line of host defense mechanisms.
2.Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) leads to the production of cancerous B cells, and treatment often involves bone marrow transplantation. Based upon your knowledge of lymphocyte development, explain how this procedure can lead to therapeutic effects in some patients.
3.Recently, scientists have been experimenting with using IRA-B cells as a treatment for hospitalized patients in an attempt to prevent them from getting septic infections. Speculate on what the principle behind this might be.
4.Provide an explanation to refute the following statement: Humans would never develop natural immunity to a novel biological agent created in a laboratory.
5. a.Explain how the anamnestic response is triggered by vaccination. b.Conduct additional research and discuss one current example illustrating how lack of herd immunity within a population has led to localized disease outbreaks in the United States.
Chapter 16
1.Conduct additional research and discuss examples that illustrate how cancer can be both a cause of immune dysfunction and an effect of this process.
2.Summarize the roles of the microbiome and genetics in the development of type I allergic reactions. Discuss how probiotics or gene therapy could be used to alter an individual’s allergic response to antigen.
3. a.Draw a diagram illustrating whether or not each of the following transfusions would be immunologically compatible. Type A donor into a type B recipient Type B donor into a type AB recipient Type O– donor into a type O+ recipient b.Explain how xenotransplantation might be successful in light of the immune system’s robust ability to recognize foreign antigen.
4.Summarize the role of the immune system in the development of type I diabetes. Propose a strategy that could be used to protect young children from developing an autoimmune reaction, and subsequently type I diabetes, after a viral infection.
5.A patient in your unit exhibits frequent bouts of microbial infections and is found to produce extremely low levels of IgG and IgM antibodies. Your colleague suggests that the patient receive numerous vaccinations against a broad spectrum of common pathogens; you disagree. Why? Explain another treatment that may be beneficial to this patient.
Chapter 17
1.Explain why specimens should be taken aseptically, even when nonsterile sites are being sampled and selective media are to be used, and explain why speed is important in the clinical testing process.
2.In the middle of an outbreak of measles (an infection that is highly communicable), a public health department is using immunologic testing to determine whether sick children have measles or not. If the children test positive, they are quarantined at home, .
4-3LabOverview_slides , laboratory diagnosis (1).ppt
The document provides an overview of laboratory diagnosis and testing used in public health. Specimens from suspected outbreaks are analyzed to determine the presence of pathogens and connect related cases. Tests can identify bacteria, viruses, and other microbes using microscopy, culture, antigen/antibody detection, and molecular techniques. Proper specimen collection and laboratory identification are important for clinical diagnosis and outbreak response.
A simulated outbreak – Case Scenarios
A simulated outbreak – Case Scenarios.
R4 Clinical microbiology residency academic day, Infection control rotation
King Fshf
2021.04.05.21254934v1.full.pdf
1. The study measured antibody levels in 510 individuals who received two doses of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. It found high levels of antibodies in nearly all vaccinated individuals, with previously infected individuals and those with fever producing the highest levels.
2. Adverse events after vaccination were mostly mild, including pain at the injection site, fever, headache and fatigue. A few individuals had severe allergic reactions.
3. Antibody levels were lower in individuals with autoimmune disorders compared to others, suggesting their immune response may be impaired. The study provides evidence that mRNA vaccines effectively induce antibody production against SARS-CoV-2.
Similar to QUIZ .pptx (20)
Pathophysiology- Global Overview of Select Infectious Diseases
Pathophysiology- Global Overview of Select Infectious Diseases
Picornaviruses. Enteroviruses. Polyviruses. Coxsackieviruses. Echoviruses
Picornaviruses. Enteroviruses. Polyviruses. Coxsackieviruses. Echoviruses
Nosocomial infections epidemiology and key concepts
Nosocomial infections epidemiology and key concepts
Infection- Types, Mode of Infection Question Discussion
Infection- Types, Mode of Infection Question Discussion
Please Pick 2 question to answer from each chapter and provide refer.docx
Please Pick 2 question to answer from each chapter and provide refer.docx
4-3LabOverview_slides , laboratory diagnosis (1).ppt
4-3LabOverview_slides , laboratory diagnosis (1).ppt
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QUIZ .pptx
- 3. 1.Pathogenicity the ability to produce disease; thus, a pathogen is a microorganism that causes disease. Identify the word that is being described/enumerate what is being asked.
- 4. 2. If the microorganism produces no clinical evidence of disease, the infection is called asymptomatic or subclinical.
- 5. 3-4. The two basic types of asepsis are medical and surgical .
- 6. 5.Viruses consist primarily of nucleic acid and therefore must enter living cells in order to reproduce. .
- 7. 6.Nosocomial infections are classified as infections that originate in the hospital.
- 8. 7. Identify the six links that make up the chain of infection 7. 8. 9. 10 11 12
- 9. 13-17-State the 5 signs of Inflammatory response : (1) pain, (2) heat, (3) redness, (4) swelling, and (5) impaired function of the part, if the injury is severe.
- 10. 18. With passive (or acquired) immunity, the host receives natural antibodies produced by another source.
- 11. 19-20.During the nursing history, the nurse assesses (a) the degree to which a client is at risk of developing an infection (b) any client complaints suggesting the presence of an infection.