EUTHANASIA AND SUICIDE DYSTHANASIA ORTHOTHANASIA
ADMINISTRATION OF DRUGS TO THE DYING
ADVANCE DIRECTIVES END OF LIFE CARE PLAN OR DNR
NURSING ROLES AND RESPONSIBILTIES
ETHICAL DECISION MAKING PROCESS
TEST BANK For Advanced Practice Nursing in the Care of Older Adults, 2nd Edit...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK For Advanced Practice Nursing in the Care of Older Adults, 2nd Edition by Laurie Kennedy-Malone, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK For Advanced Practice Nursing in the Care of Older Adults, 2nd Edition by Laurie Kennedy-Malone, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
EUTHANASIA AND SUICIDE DYSTHANASIA ORTHOTHANASIA
ADMINISTRATION OF DRUGS TO THE DYING
ADVANCE DIRECTIVES END OF LIFE CARE PLAN OR DNR
NURSING ROLES AND RESPONSIBILTIES
ETHICAL DECISION MAKING PROCESS
TEST BANK For Advanced Practice Nursing in the Care of Older Adults, 2nd Edit...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK For Advanced Practice Nursing in the Care of Older Adults, 2nd Edition by Laurie Kennedy-Malone, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK For Advanced Practice Nursing in the Care of Older Adults, 2nd Edition by Laurie Kennedy-Malone, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Medical Ethics Today
The BMA's Handbook of Ethics and
Law
Third Edition
British Medical Ethics Department
Chapter 2
Consent, Choice and Refusal: Adults
with Capacity
Chapter 3
Treating Adults who Lack Capacity
Medical Ethics
‘Medical Ethics’ is one subset of the broader disciplines of
‘healthcare ethics’ and ‘bioethics’. It overlaps with both but
focuses on the duties of doctors.
Nowadays, ‘ethics’ can either mean conforming recognized standards
of practice or describe the general study of morality.
Doctors have a duty to provide ‘benefit’ to the sick, respect confidentiality and
demonstrate integrity. Such values, often labelled ‘Hippocratic’.
Key Concepts in Medical Ethics
Many of the most commonly used ethical terms are self-evident, others
may require some interpretation
Self-determination or autonomy
Honesty or integrity
Confidentiality
Fairness and equity
Harm and benefit
The Nature and Purpose of Consent
Legal
Consent is trigger that allows
treatment.
Some interventions can be
harmful (side effects, etc).
Some interventions could be
considered assault or
battery.
Ethical
Patients’ views should be
respected.
Health Care is a partnership
between doctor and patient.
Adult patients with capacity
have the right to choose
what happens to their
bodies.
The patient's consent is then the trigger that allows treatment or examination to take place.
Seeking consent from patients, therefore, forms a crucial pan of the practice of almost every
doctor. It is central to the partnership between doctor and patient. Patients should be listened to
and their views respected in the course of discussion Consent is central to good medical practice.
Consent should be perceived as a continuing process rather than a one-off decision. Consent is a
legal requirement. Seeking consent is also a moral requirement and the British Medical
Association (BMA) believes that respect for others and their rights lies at the heart of this issue.
Society values individuals and their dignity.
Many medical and surgical interventions could be harmful but are acceptable because the
expected benefits outweigh the harms. Patients agree to the invasive procedures of medicine,
which, under any other circumstances, could lead to criminal charges. Doctors must be aware that
if they fail to seek consent from patients who have the capacity they could be vulnerable to
criminal prosecution for battery or assault, or a challenge in civil law for negligence or breach of
the patient's human rights.
Adult patients with capacity have both an ethical and a legal right to self-determination and to
respect for their autonomy.
• patient gives consent when he has capacity, is adequately informed and voluntarily agrees to
treatment.
• Before examining or treating adult patients with capacity, doctors must obtain patient
consent, except in emergencies for example where compulsory treatment is authorized by
mental health legislation.
• Adults are always presumed to have capacity unless demo
1. While assessing a patient from the Jewish culture, the nurse lelauvicuna8dw
1. While assessing a patient from the Jewish culture, the nurse learns that the patient believes that
an illness is being caused by another soul. What is this health belief considered?
a. Aberglobin
b. Kayn aynhoreh
c. Szatan
d. Dybbuk
2. While caring for an infant of Puerto Rican descent, the nurse sees a black amulet on a chain on
the wrist of the baby’s right hand. What should the nurse do with the amulet?
a. Remove the amulet
b. Leave it on the baby’s wrist
c. Ask that the amulet be removed until the baby is older
d. Move it to the baby’s ankle
3. During an assessment, a patient tells the nurse, “An onion a day keeps everyone away.” How
does this philosophy protect health?
a. Protects the person from coming in contact with those who might be ill
b. Affirms the belief in the power of onions to prevent disease
c. Recognizes the special antibiotic properties contained within onions
d. Advertises that onions have special healing abilities
4. While caring for a patient from the Chinese culture, the nurse learns that the patient has a
specific practice that follows yin and yang. What impact will this have on the patient’s dietary
intake?
a. There are specific foods for specific purposes
b. Some foods are only eaten at different times of the year
c. The patient will eat only specified proportions of food
d. Identifies if foods should be eaten hot or cold
5. Which patient statement reflects a spiritual belief that defines illness?
a. ”I am being punished for breaking a religious code”
b. “It is a necessary part of my religious culture”
c. “I failed to wear special amulets to ward it off”
d. “I am sick because I violated dietary practices”
6. During a health history, a patient tells the nurse about following traditional epidemiological practices. What is the purpose of these practices?
a. Uses folk medicine herbal remedies
b. Used as a part of the patient’s religion
c. Used to cure an illness
d. Used to protect oneself from evil
7. The nurse learns that a patient used to follow homeopathic medicine but now only uses allopathic medicine approaches. What is the significance of allopathic medicine?
a. Is practiced only where it is accepted
b. Accepts other forms of therapy as valid for treating disease
c. Empirical science and scientific methods for treating disease
d. Encompasses different treatment modalities within its framework
8. A patient with a progressive neurological disease wants to visit shrines in the United States to offer prayers for healing. Which shrines would be available for the patient to visit?
a. The Tomb of Menachem Mendel Schneerson
b. Shrine of Our Lady of San Juan
c. Shrine of St. Peregrine
d. All of the above.
9. A patient with terminal cancer is planning a trip to Lourdes, France, the site of a revered Roman Catholic shrine. What is the significance of visiting this shrine?
a. Receiving a cure through a miracle
b. Being able to live a long life
c. Becoming more prosper ...
MedTrakker offers Medical Organizers for specific health conditions related to Cancer, Diabetes or Cardiac illnesses. Helps to improve patient knowledge, engagement and accountability, as well as communication between patient and doctor.
The MedTrakker offers Medical Organizers for specific health conditions related to Cancer, Diabetes or Cardiac illnesses. The MedTrakker allows individuals to track, document, share and discuss the patient's condition and treatment care. It brings a sense of well being knowing that patients are on the right track. Helps to improve patient knowledge, engagement and accountability, as well as communication between patient and doctor.
What are the benefits of having a MedTrakker...
* Offers the convenience of having relevant medical details centralized in one location.
* Manage information relating to conditions, stages, allergies, emergency information, provider visits, procedures, medications, and more.
* Improves patient knowledge, engagement and accountability, as well as patient’s communication between patient and their doctor.
* Having up-to-date information in their medical organizer provides current and accurate information to health providers and their care givers.
* Potential drug interactions can be considered if current medications are known, and previous adverse reactions need not be repeated if they are made known to their health provider(s).
Test Bank for Ebersole and Hess Gerontological Nursing and Healthy Aging 5th ...nursing premium
A Test bank is a ready-made electronic Q&A testing resource that is tailored to the contents of an individual textbook. Feedback is often provided on answers given by students, containing page references to the book.
Explores palliative and end of life care. Outlines advance care planning and provides information about planning ahead to include using advance healthcare directives
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TEST BANK For Family Practice Guidelines, 5th Edition by Jill C. Cash; Cheryl A. Glass, Verified Chapters 1 - 23, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Family Practice Guidelines, 5th Edition by Jill C. Cash; Cheryl A. Glass, Verified Chapters 1 - 23, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Family Practice Guidelines, 5th Edition by Jill C. Cash; Cheryl A. Glass, Verified Chapters 1 - 23, Complete Newest Version.
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TEST BANK For Family Practice Guidelines, 5th Edition by Jill C. Cash; Cheryl A. Glass, Verified Chapters 1 - 23, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK For Family Practice Guidelines, 5th Edition by Jill C. Cash; Cheryl A. Glass, Verified Chapters 1 - 23, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
2. 1. All people approaching the end of life, and their carers,
should be entitled to:
a. Have their need assessed with a professional with appropriate expertise
b. Have a care plan that records their preferences and the choices they would like to
make
c. Be involved in decisions about treatment prescribed for them , including the option
to refuse certain treatment
d. All of the Above
3. 2. It is a system of moral principles that guides behaviors
a. Autonomy
b. Beneficence
c. Ethics
d. Nonmaleficence:
4. 3. To prevent harm to patients
a. Autonomy
b. Beneficence
c. Ethics
d. Nonmaleficence:
5. 4. Mr. Wright is seen in the office for a follow-up of his coronary artery
disease and diabetes mellitus. During the interview, which comment MOST
SUGGESTS psychological distress?
a. “My leg hurts right here.”
b. “I’m so worried about my wife.”
c. “I don’t know how I’ll get to my appointment.”
d. “Why did I get this disease?”
6. 5. Which of these is correct?
a. Palliative care is for the patient only, not the family
b. Palliative care is best used for simple problems like colds and flus
c. Palliative care is designed to cure diseases
d. Palliative care is designed to improve a very sick person's quality of life
7. 6. Aim of palliative care includes the following
a. Provision of relief from pain and other distressing symptoms
b. Explain the diagnosis and treatment options to patients and their families
c. Support for the family during the illness, as well as after death of the patient
d. All of the above
8. 7. Pick the disorder that is LEAST likely to need palliative care.
a. Dementia
b. Heart failure
c. Cancer
d. Flu
9. 8. Palliative care can be opted only in the advanced stage of illness.
a. TRUE
b. FALSE
10. 9. “Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2010.”
a.RA 9994
b.RA 3710
c. RA 7188
d.RA 1234
11. 10. It refer to the branch of medical science devoted to the
study of the biological and physical changes and the diseases
of old age;
a.Pediatrics
b.Genetics
c. Geriatrics
d.Obstetrics
12. 11. Which ethical principle underlies nursing actions respecting
each patient's values and beliefs?
a.Autonomy.
b.Beneficence.
c.Justice
d.Responsibility.
13. 12. An 80-year-old patient, who lives at home with a spouse, is
instructed to follow a 2 g sodium diet. The patient states, "I've
always eaten the same way all my life, and I'm not going to
change now." To promote optimal dietary adherence, the
gerontological nurse's initial approach is to:
a.inform the patient about the need to follow the diet.
b.inquire about the patient's current food preferences and eating
habits.
c. list the variety of foods that are allowed on the diet.
d.provide dietary instruction to the patient's spouse, who
prepares the meals.
14. 13. How would describe post mortem care?
a. The treatment you provide after suffering motion sickness
b. Morning sickness expectant mothers experience
c. The care you provide a patient after they awaken.
d. The care you give to a recently deceased person.
15. 14. A care to a persons requiring health care, personal care, social and
supportive services over a sustained period of time
a.Palliative Care
b.Long Term Care
c.Short Term Care
d.End of Life Care
16. 15. DNR standard for ?
a.Do not resuscitate
b.Do not resuscitate
c.Do not resuscitate
d.Do not resucitate
