Question Bank linear integrated circuits and applications

Linear Integrated Circuits & Applications
Question Bank
Department of Electronics Engineering
Dr. Nilesh Bhaskarrao Bahadure

Page 1

Short Questions
1. For the inverting amplifier given that R1=1KΩ and Rf=10KΩ. Assuming an ideal
amplifier, calculate the output voltage for the input of 1V.
2. For the non‐inverting amplifier given that input voltage is 3V and R1=1KΩ and
Rf=10KΩ. Calculate the output voltage.
Rf=5KΩ. Calculate the output voltage
5. For the inverting amplifier if the input voltages are 1V, 2V and 3V and corresponding
resistances are 1K, 2K and 3K respectively and feed back resistor is 1.5K. Calculate
the output voltage.
6. For the inverting amplifier if the input voltages are 2V, 4V and 6V and corresponding
resistances are 2K, 4K and 6K respectively and feed back resistor is 3K. Calculate the
output voltage.
9. For the inverting amplifier given that R1=KΩ and Rf=10KΩ. Assuming an ideal

Total Questions 201

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Long Questions

11. Define differential amplifier.
12. State the configurations of differential amplifiers.
13. What is an operational amplifier?
14. Draw and explain block diagram of operational amplifier.
15. Explain the features of 741C operational amplifiers.
16. Design the parameters for the dual input, balanced output differential amplifier.
17. Show that voltage gain Ad = RC/2re for the single input, unbalanced output
differential amplifier.
18. Draw and explain block diagram of the operational amplifier.
19. Explain the concept of virtual ground
20. List the ideal characteristic of the operational amplifier.
21. List the practical characteristic of the operational amplifier.
22. Write short note on maximum ratings of the operational amplifier.
23. Draw the circuit and explain how to measure the differential input resistance Ri of
an Op – AMP.
24. Why we use feedback. Derive for voltage gain, input resistance and output resistance
for voltage shunt feedback amplifier.
25. Explain the two golden rule of negative feedback.
26. Show that if closed loop voltage gain of the inverting amplifier is 1 then Bandwidth
with feedback fF = UNITY GAIN BANDWIDTH /2
27. Design an amplifier with a gain of ‐25. The input resistance Rin should equal or
exceed 10 KΩ.
28. Derive the expression for operating point, voltage gain, internal resistance and
output resistance for the differential amplifier shown below:

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Figure (1)
29. The following specifications are given for the dual input, balanced output
differential amplifier of fig (2) +VCC = +10V, ‐VEE = ‐10V and the transistor is the CA
3086 with βdc = βac = 100 and VBE = 0.715 typical.

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Figure (2)
(a) Determine the operating point values (ICQ and VCEQ)
(b) Determine the voltage gain
(c) Determine the input and output resistance.
(d) Determine the base current IB1 and IB2.
30. Repeat problem (19) for the dual input, unbalanced output differential amplifier.
31. Repeat problem (19) for the single input, balanced output differential amplifier.
32. The following specifications are given for the single input, unbalanced output
differential amplifier of fig (3) +VCC = +5 V, ‐VEE = ‐5 V and the transistor is the CA
3086 with βdc = βac = 200 and VBE = 0.7 typical.
(a) Determine the operating point values (ICQ and VCEQ)
(b) Determine the voltage gain
(c) Determine the input and output resistance.
(d) Determine the base current IB1 and IB2.

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Figure (3)
33. Explain the characteristics of ideal operational amplifiers.
34. Explain the characteristics of practical operational amplifiers.
35. Explain the configurations of open loop operational amplifiers.
36. Draw and explain block diagram representation of feedback configuration.
37. List the four negative feedback configurations. Which two configurations are most
commonly used?
38. List two special cases of inverting amplifier and explain them in details.
39. Explain in details the non – inverting amplifier configuration.
40. Explain in details the inverting amplifier configuration.
41. Explain in details the differential amplifier configuration.
42. Explain voltage follower. Or explain the special case of non inverting amplifier.
43. Explain the current to voltage converter.
44. Explain inverter. Or explain the special case of inverting amplifier
45. Define input offset voltage and explain why it exists in all operational amplifiers.

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46. Define the common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) and explain the significance of a
relatively large value of CMRR.
47. Define the following terms:
(a) Input bias current
(b) Input offset current
(c) Input offset voltage
(d) Total output offset voltage
(e) Slew rate
(f) Common mode rejection ratio
48. Design an amplifier with gain of – 10 and input resistance equal to 10 KΩ.
49. In the Fig (4), a load of 25 KΩ is connected to the output terminal. Calculate

Figure (4)
i. I1
ii. Vo
iii. IL and total current Io
50. Design an amplifier with a gain of +5 using one Op – Amp.
51. Design an inverting amplifier with a gain of ‐5 and an input resistance of 10 KΩ.
52. Design an amplifier with a gain of +10.
53. For an Op – Amp open loop gain is 3 × 106 and the cut off frequency is 10 Hz. The Op –
Amp is used in an inverting amplifier with a gain of 10. Determine the bandwidth of
the closed loop amplifier.
54. The 741C operational amplifier having the following parameters is connected as a
non – inverting amplifier as shown in fig. (5)

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Figure (5)
Calculate the values of closed loop voltage gain (AF), Input Resistance (Rif), Output
Resistance (Rof), Ff and VooT.
55. Repeat problem (44) for the voltage follower.

Figure (6)
(a) Calculate the exact closed loop gain.
(b) Calculate the ideal closed loop gain.
(c) Explain the result obtained in parts (a) and (b).
57. Repeat problem (46) with R1 = 470 Ω and RF = 4.7 KΩ.

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Figure (7)
Compute the closed loop parameters: AF, Rif, Rof, Ff and VooT.
59. For the inverting amplifier shown in fig (8). Calculate the values of closed loop
voltage gain (AF), Input Resistance (Rif), Output Resistance (Rof), Ff and VooT.

Figure (8)

60. (a) Find the voltage gain for the non inverting amplifier of fig (9). If Ei is a 100 Hz
Triangle wave with a 2 V peak.
(b) Calculate value of output voltage Vo.

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Figure (9)
61. For Fig. (10) Determine (a) Output Voltage Vo, (b) Load current IL , (c) Current Io

Figure (10)
62. Calculate output voltage Vo and the op – amps output current in fig. (11) if Vin
equals (a) +5V, (b) – 2V

Figure (11)
63. Calculate value of Vin for the figure shown in problem (52), if Vo equals (a) +5V, (b) –
2V

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64. Design summing amplifier, inverting scaling and averaging amplifier using inverting
amplifier.
65. Explain in details the non – inverting summing amplifier.
66. Design and explain non inverting averaging amplifier. Also state the differences
between averaging amplifiers designed using inverting and non inverting amplifier.
67. Design and explain subtrcator using differential amplifier.
68. Design and explain adder – subtractor using differential amplifier.
69. What is the application or use of instrumentation amplifier? Explain
instrumentation amplifier using three operational amplifiers.
70. Derive the expression for the output voltage for the instrumentation amplifier using
Transducer Bridge.
71. Draw the circuit of a differential instrumentation amplifier using a transducer
bridge and explain its features. Also derive the expression for its output voltage.
72. Draw an adder circuits using operational amplifier to get the output expression as
V0 = ‐10.1V1 +V2 + 5 V3.
73. Design an adder circuit using an operational amplifier to get the output expression
as:
Vo = – (0.1V1 + V2 + 10V3)
Where V1, V2 and V3 are the inputs.
74. Design an adder circuit using an operational amplifier to get the output expression
as:
Vo = (0.1V1 + V2 + 10V3)
Where V1, V2 and V3 are the inputs.
75. In the circuit shown below

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RA = RB = RC = 100 KΩ, Vdc =+ 5V and Op – amp supply voltages = ± 15V. The
transducer is thermister with the following specifications: RT = 100 KΩ at a
reference temperature of 25oC; temperature coefficient of resistance = ‐ 1 KΩo/C.
Determines the output voltage at 0o/C and at 100o/C
76. In the circuit of problem (12), R1 = 1.8 KΩ, RF = 4.7 KΩ, RA = RB= RC = 500 K Ω, Vdc
=10 V and Op – amp supply voltages = ± 15V. The transducer is thermister with the
following specifications: RT = 100 KΩ at a reference temperature of 25oC;
temperature coefficient of resistance = ‐ 1 KΩo/C. If the temperature changes from 0o
to 70oC, find the variations in
(a) the input signal Vab and
(b) the output signal Vo
77. show that the output voltage Vo of the instrumentation amplifier with dual
Operational amplifier is.
Vo = [ 1 + ] (Vin2 – Vin1)

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78. Calculate the gain of the configuration shown below

79. For the instrumentation amplifier of problem (15) above, calculate the output
voltage if
V1 = 2mV & V2 = 1mV.
80. Find Vo for the adder – subtractor shown in figure (1)

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81. For the differential input – differential output amplifier shown in the figure (2) show
that the output voltage Vo is

82. Explain voltage to current converter with floating load.
83. Explain voltage to current converter with grounded load.
84. Explain voltage to current converter also states what are the applications of voltage
to current converter.
85. Explain current to voltage converter.
86. Define and explain Trans conductance amplifier.
87. Define and explain Trans resistance amplifier.

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88. Explain differentiator and derive the expression for the output voltage.
89. Explain the practical differentiator and derive the expression for the output voltage.
90. Explain the applications of the differentiator.
91. Explain the applications of the integrator.
92. Explain the integrator and derive the expression for the output voltage.
93. Explain the practical integrator and derive the expression for the output voltage.
94. Explain in details lossy integrator and derive the expression for the output voltage.
95.
(a) Design a differentiator to differentiate an input signal that varies in frequency
from 10 Hz to 1 KHz.
(b) If a sine wave of 1 V peak at 100 Hz applied to the differentiator of part (a) draw
its output waveform.
96.
(a) Design an Op – amp differentiator that will differentiate an input signal with
fmax = 100 Hz.
(b) Draw the output waveform for a sine wave of 1 V peak at 100 Hz applied to the
differentiator.
(c) Repeat part (b) for a square wave output.
97. In the circuit of figure (3), R1CF = 1 second, and the input is a step (dc) voltage, as
shown in figure (4). Determine the output voltage and sketch it. Assume that Op –
amp is initially nulled.

Figure (3)

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Figure (4)
98. An input dc voltage shown in figure is fed to an op‐amp integrator with R1CF = 1 sec.
Find the output and sketch. Op‐amp is nulled initially.

99. Find R1 and RF in the practical integrator so that the peak gain is 20 dB and the gain
is 3 dB down from its peak when ω = 10,000 rad/sec. Use a capacitance of 0.01 µF.
100. Show that for a non inverting amplifier shown in figure (5) output voltage Vo
is
Vo = 1 / RC

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Figure (5)

101. What is comparator? List the application of comparator.
102. Explain in details the basic comparator.
103. Explain Non – inverting and inverting comparator.
104. Explain zero crossing detector.
105. Draw and Explain in details the regenerative comparator or Schmitt trigger.
106. What is the difference between a basic comparator and the Schmitt trigger?
107. Design a Schmitt trigger using IC 741, such that the hysteresis will be 6V. Use
supply voltage of ± 10V.
108. In the Op – amp comparator shown below, supply voltages are ± 12V and Vsat
= 0.9 Vcc. If a sine wave of 10V is applied, calculate the threshold levels and
plot the input and output waveforms.

109. In the Op – amp comparator shown below, supply voltage = ± 15V and Vin = 1V
peak to peak sine wave. Determine the threshold voltages VUT and VLT and
draw the input and output waveforms.

110. In the circuit of Schmitt trigger R1=50K and R2=100Ω and Vi=1Vpp (peak to

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peak) sine wave and saturation voltage = ±14V. Determine the threshold
voltages VUT and VLT.
111. In the circuit of Schmitt trigger R1=55K and R2=110Ω and Vi=1Vpp (peak to
peak) sine wave and saturation voltage = ±13V. Determine the threshold
voltages VUT and VLT.
112. In the Op – amp comparator shown below, supply voltage = ± 15V and Vin =
500mV peak to peak sine wave and the saturation voltages = ± 14V.
(a) Determine the threshold voltages VUT and VLT
(b) What is the value of hysteresis voltage VHY?
(c) Replace the value as R1 = 100 Ω and R2 = 3.9 KΩ then solve part (a) and (b)

113. Explain voltage limiter in details. Also explain why voltage limiter needed?
Or
Draw and explain voltage limiter in details.
Or
Draw and explain positive and negative voltage limiters.
114. Draw and explain window detector. Also states what are the applications of
window detector.
115. Draw and explain precision half – wave rectifier with its input and output
waveforms.
116. Draw and explain precision Full – wave rectifier with its input and output
waveforms.
117. Draw and explain absolute value circuit with sample input and output
waveforms.
118. Draw and explain logarithmic amplifier.

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Or
Draw and explain logarithmic amplifier using NPN transistor.
Or
Draw and explain logarithmic amplifier using diode.
119. Show that output voltage of logarithmic amplifier using one Op – amp with
NPN transistor is
Vo = 〖 / 〗
120. Draw and Explain peak detector with suitable waveforms. State any two
applications where you found peak detector.
121. What is the name of the circuit that is used to detect the peak value of non
sinusoidal input waveforms? Briefly explain its operation.
122. Explain the operation of positive peak detector with relevant waveforms.
123. What do you mean by sample and hold circuit? Why is it needed?
124. Draw and explain sample and hold circuit using operational amplifier. Also
explain by drawing suitable waveforms.
125. Write a short notes on the following:
(a) Sense amplifier.
(b) Analog switches.
(c) Norton amplifier.
(d) Bootstrap amplifier.
(e) Current to voltage converter.

126. Define positive and negative clippers.
127. Define positive and negative clampers.
128. What is the difference between triangular wave and saw tooth wave
129. Draw and explain positive clipper in details.
130. Draw and explain positive and negative clippers in details.
131. Explain positive and negative clampers and their advantages.
132. Draw and explain square wave generator, also derive the expression for the frequency

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of oscillation.
133. What is the difference between clippers and clampers? Give one application of each.
134. Draw and explain positive and negative clippers using suitable waveforms.
135. Draw and explain triangular wave generator.
136. Draw and explain saw tooth wave generator.
137. What is the clipper, explain negative clipper circuits and their applications.
138. Explain positive clampers in details using suitable input waveforms.
139. Design the square wave generator of figure (1) so that fo = 1 KHz with dc supply
voltage = ± 15V. The operational amplifier is 741.

Figure (1)
140. Write short motes on the following:
(a) Voltage sweep generator
(b) Current sweep generator
(c) High Pass RC circuit as a differentiator
(d) Low Pass RC circuits as a integrator.
(e) Positive clipper
(f) Negative Clamper
(g) Square wave generator

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141. What is monostable multivibrator
142. What is astable multivibrator
143. What is bistable multivibrator
144. Define conversion time.
145. Differentiate between collector coupled multivibrator and emitter coupled
multivibrator.
146. Explain how transistor works as a switch. Explain with suitable example.
147. Explain astable multivibrator and derive the expression for the oscillation frequency.
148. Draw and explain monostable multivibrator in details.
149. Draw and explain collector coupled monostable multivibrator.
150. Draw and explain emitter coupled monostable multivibrator.
151. Draw and explain bistable multivibrator.
152. Draw and explain fixed bias and self bias bistable multivibrator.
153. Calculates stable states currents and voltages of the bistable multivibrator shown in
fig (1) consisting two cross coupled inverter circuits. Assume minimum value of hfe of
the transistor is 20. Use Rc = 2.2 KΩ, R1 = 15 KΩ and R2 = 100 KΩ.

Figure (1)
the transistor is 20.  Also assume that transistor Q1 and Q2 are silicon type 2N 914

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Figure (2)
the transistor is 20. Also assume that transistors are germanium type.

Figure (3)
156. The fixed bias bistable multivibrator shown in figure (4) uses NPN 2N 706A silicon
transistors with hfe = 20. The circuit parameters are Vcc = 12 V, VBB = 3V, Rc = 1 K, R1
= 5 K and R2 = 10 K. verify that one transistor is cut off and the other is in saturation
and find the stable state currents and voltages. Assume VCE (Sat) = 0 V and VBE (sat) = 0
V

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Figure (4)
157. Repeat problem (15) with assuming VCE (Sat) = 0.4 V and VBE (sat) = 0.8 V
158. Calculate the stable state currents and voltages for the self biased bistable
multivibrator circuit shown in figure (5), which uses PNP germanium transistor.
Find the minimum value of hfe, which will keep the ON transistor in saturation.
Use RC = 4 KΩ, R1 = 30 KΩ, R2 = 10 KΩ and Re = 500 Ω

159. Write a short notes on the following

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(i) Use of Commutating Capacitors in bistable multivibrator
(ii) Methods of improving resolution.
(iii) Schmitt trigger circuit.

160. Explain the features of the timer 555.
161. In a monostable multivibrator using 555 timer R=100 KΩ and time delay is 100ms. Find
the value of capacitor C.
162. In a monostable multivibrator using 555 timer RA =10 KΩ and time delay is 10ms. Find
the value of capacitor C.
163. What are the applications of 555 timer
164. Draw the functional diagram of astable multivibrator.
165. Explain an astable multivibrator using IC‐555wit neat diagram.
166. With a neat diagram of astable multivibrator deduce the formula for frequency.
167. What is duty cycle? Obtain an equation of duty cycle for astable operation.
168. Explain with a neat circuit diagram astable multivibrator as square wave generator.
169. Draw the neat diagram of monostable multivibrator using external connection and
explain it in detail.
170. Explain the use of IC‐555 timer as a frequency divider and as a pulse stretcher
171. It is possible to produce a square wave using a 555 timer that has exactly 50 % duty
cycle? Explain.
172. Draw and explain the astable operation using 555 to achieve 50% duty cycle and
derive the expression for the frequency of Oscillation
173. Determine the frequency of oscillation for the astable multivibrator using IC‐555.
Given that RA=RB=1KΩ and C=1000PF.
174. Determine the frequency of oscillation for the astable multivibrator using IC‐555.
Given that RA=RB=2KΩ and C=1000PF.

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175. Calculate the duty cycle for the astable multivibrator using IC‐555. Given that
RA=RB=2KΩ and C=1000PF.
176. Calculate the duty cycle for the astable multivibrator using IC‐555. Given that
RA=RB=1KΩ and C=1000 PF.
177. Draw the internal block diagram of the NE 555 timer IC and explain how it can be used
as a monostable multivibrator. Derive an expression for its pulse width.
178. Draw the block diagram of an Astable multivibrator using 555timer and derive an
expression for its frequency of oscillation.
179. Explain the pin configuration of IC‐555.
180. Give the pin connections of IC‐555. Explain the use of each pin.
181. Explain the use of IC‐555 as a ramp generator by using astable mode.
182. With neat diagram explain the working of step down switching regulator
183. A 555 timer configured in astable mode with RA = 2 KΩ, RB = 4 KΩ and C = 0.1 μF.
Determine the frequency of the output and duty cycle.
184. In a astable multivibrator values are RA = 8.2K, RB=3.9 K and C = 0.1 µF. Determine
(i) The positive pulse width Tc
(ii) The negative pulse width Td
(iii) Free running frequency f
(iv) Duty Cycle
185. In a astable multivibrator of figure (1) RA = 2.2K, RB=3.9 K and C = 0.1 µF.
Determine

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Figure (1)
(i) The positive pulse width Tc
(ii) The negative pulse width Td
(iii) Free running frequency f
(iv) Duty Cycle
186. For the astable multivibrator of figure (1), RA = 4.7 KΩ, RB = 1 KΩ, and C = 1 µF.
determine the positive pulse width, the negative pulse width, and the free running
frequency. What is the duty cycle of the output waveform?.
187. Design a 555 timer astable multivibrator for an output frequency of 1 KHz and duty
cycle of 60%
188. State the functions of each pin of IC 555.
189. Design a adjustable voltage regulator using IC 723 to obtain positive low voltage and
high voltage.
190. Give the circuit schematic of a 555 timer connected as an astable multivibrator.
Describe its operation. Derive an expression for its period
191. Explain how a 555 timer chip can be used as a free running ramp generator. Derive an
expression for its frequency
192. What must the relationship be between the pulse width TP and the period T of the
input trigger signal if the 555 is to be used as a divide by 4 network?
193. Briefly explain the differences between the two operating modes of the 555 timer.
194. What is a voltage regulator? List four different types of voltage regulators.
195. What are the advantages of the adjustable voltage regulators over the fixed voltage
regulators?
196. What is a switching regulator? List four major components of the switching regulator.
197. What are the advantages of switching regulators?
198. Using IC 7805C voltage regulator, design a current source that will deliver a 0.25 A
current to the 48 Ω, 10 Watt load.

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199. Using IC 7805C voltage regulator, design a current source that will deliver a 150 mA
current to the 8 Ω, 10 Watt load.
200. Design an adjustable voltage regulator to satisfy the following specifications:
Output voltage Vo = 5 to 12 V
Output Current Io = 1.0 A
Voltage regulator is LM317.
201. (a) Using LM317, design an adjustable voltage regulator to satisfy the following
Specifications:  Output voltage Vo = 5 to 12 V and Output Current Io = 1.0 A
(b)   Draw the complete schematic diagram of the regulator designed in part (a)

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