see also http://d.hatena.ne.jp/repose/20100927/1285524737 tokyotextmining#2 @y_benjo

2. http://www.photoxpress.com/stock-photos/man/blank/card/2694628

17. Suggestion
Reformulation
http://www.london-eating.co.uk/newsletter/2006/may/images/wine.jpg

18. Teaching Math or Something / foundphotoslj

21. http://www.photoxpress.com/stock-photos/brown/human/white/6458163

22. • Mei Q, Zhou D, Church K. Query suggestion
using hitting time. Proceeding of the 17th ACM
conference on Information and knowledge mining - CIKM '08.
2008:469.
• Herdagdelen A, Ciaramita M, Mahler D, et al.
Generalized syntactic and semantic
models of query reformulation. In:
Proceedings of the 33rd ACM SIGIR Conference, Geneva,
Switzerland.; 2010.

23. Query suggestion
using hitting time
(CIKM 2008)

25. introduction (1)

26. introduction (2)

27. http://morguefile.com/archive/display/105605

28. V1 W V2

29. P
V1 W V2
w(i, j)
pij =
di
di = w(i, j)
j∈V2
30
p11 =
52
15
p12 =
52
7
p13 =
52

31. V1
V1 V2 V1
w(i, k) w(k, j)
pij =
di dk
k∈V2
= pik pkj
k∈V2

33. A V
Xt t
TA
A
T A
= min{t : Xt ∈ A, t ≥ 0}

34. i
P [T A
= m|X0 = i] = P [X1 = j|X0 = i]
j∈V
·P [T A
= m − 1|X0 = j]
= pij P [T A
= m − 1|X0 = j]
j∈V
TA = m m-1 A

35. A
X0 = i TA hi
∞
A
hi = mP [T A
= m|X0 = i]
m=1
∞
= m pij P [T A
= m − 1|X0 = j]
m=1 j∈V
∞
= (m − 1)pij P [T A
= m − 1|X0 = j]
j∈V m=1
∞
+ pij P [T A
= m − 1|X0 = j]
j∈V m=1

36. ∞
(m − 1)pij P [T A
= m − 1|X0 = j]
j∈V m=1
∞
= npij P [T A
= n|X0 = j]
j∈V n=1
= A
pij hj
j∈V

37. ∞
P [T A
= m − 1|X0 = j] = 1
m=1
∞
pij P [T A
= m − 1|X0 = j] = pij = 1
j∈V m=1 j∈V
A
hi = A
pij hj +1 A
hi = 0, f or i ∈ A
j∈V

38. w(i, k) w(k, j)
pij =
di dk
k∈V2
hi (t + 1) = pij hj (t) + 1, hi (0) = 0
j=s

39. http://www.photoxpress.com/stock-photos/macro/fashion/person/2134644/

46. http://www.flickr.com/photos/fabricio/50889626

47. c(QT , U RL, U ser)
p(QT |U RL, U ser) =
Q c(Q, U RL, U ser)
p(U RL|Q, U ser)
ˆ

48. p(U RL|QT , U ser)p(QT |U ser)
ˆ
p(QT |U RL, U ser) =
p(U RL|U ser)
p(QT |U RL, U ser) k=j wik
wij =
1 − p(QT |U RL, U ser)
ˆ
p
4
p(U RL|Q, IP ) =
ˆ λi p(U RL|Q, IPi )
i=0

53. Generalized syntactic and
semantic models of
query reformulation
(SIGIR 2010)

55. http://www.photoxpress.com/stock-photos/meeting/recipe/business/1996577/

57. p(x, y)
P M I(x, y) = log
p(x)p(y)
P M I(x, y)
P M I(J)(x, y) =
− log p(x, y)
P M I(x, y)
P M I(S)(x, y) =
− log p(x)
P M I(x, y)
P M I(G)(x, y) =
− log(p(y))

58. “Sorted”

59. http://morguefile.com/archive/display/105605

60. Ns Nt Ns,t
p(qs ) = , p(qt ) = , p(qs , qt ) =
N N N
P M IW eb (qs , qt )

61. dA (x, y)
∀a, b ∈ T, cE1 (a, b) = 1 if a = b
∀a, b ∈ T, cE2 (a, b) = dA (a, b)
if a = N U LL||b = N U LL

63. s(wi , wj ) = 2 − 2f (wi , wj ) + (wi , wj )
∀a, b ∈ T, cGE (a, b) = s(a, b)
if a = N U LL||b = N U LL

64. qs = qs qt , qt = qt qs

1
 if wi = wj ∧ wi ∈ qs ∧ wj ∈ qt
ni,j (qs , qt ) = 1
if wi ∈ qs ∧ wj ∈ qt
 (|qs ||qt |)

0 otherwise
Ni,j = ni,j (qs , qt )
qs ,qt

65. Ni,· = Ni,j , N·, = Ni,j , N = Ni,j
j i i,j
Ni,· N·,j Ni,j
P (i, ·) = , P (·, j) = , P (i, j) =
N N N

67. ∀xi S(yj |xi ) = 1, S(λ|ξ) = 0
yj ∈T ∪{λ}

68. m n+z
G(z)n!z!
p(y|x) = S(yk , xk )
(n + z)!
z=max(0,m−n) x y k=1

70. http://nix.ksc.nasa.gov/info?id=KSC-00PD-5019&orgid=5

74. Similarity Spearman
NN 0.500 GenEdit(G) 0.380
Oommen-Kashyap 0.470 GenEdit(J) 0.365
DistSim 0.438 SortedEdit2 0.320
Mean all 0.435 SortedEdit1 0.314
SortedGenEdit(S) 0.429 PMIWeb(G) 0.283
SortedGenEdit(G) 0.428 Edit2 0.270
PMIWeb(S) 0.417 Edit1 0.252
PMIWeb(J) 0.409 Length-target(Char) 0.139
SortedGenEdit(J) 0.408 Length-target(Term) 0.112
GenEdit(S) 0.382 log-prob target -0.161

75. Similarity Function Spearman Mean all 0.386
NN 0.432 PMIWeb(G) 0.369
GenEdit(G) 0.424 PMIWeb(J) 0.330
SortedGenEdit(G) 0.419 DistSim 0.322
GenEdit(S) 0.414 Edit1 0.299
SortedGenEdit(S) 0.407 SortedEdit1 0.298
GenEdit(J) 0.402 Edit2 0.292
Oommen-Kashyap 0.391 SortedEdit2 0.288
SortedGenEdit(J) 0.391 PMIWeb(S) 0.264
log-prob target 0.114
Length-
-0.036
target(Char)
Length-
-0.077
target(Term)

76. Similarity Measure QS1500 CC2000
Oommen-Kashyap 0.470* 0.391*(6)
SortedGenEdit(S) 0.429* 0.407* (4)
SortedGenEdit(G) 0.428* 0.419* (2)
SortedGenEdit(J) 0.408 0.391* (7)
GenEdit(S) 0.382 0.414* (3)
GenEdit(G) 0.380 0.424* (1)
GenEdit(J) 0.365 0.402* (5)
SortedEdit2 0.320 0.288 (11)
SortedEdit1 0.314 0.298 (9)
Edit2 0.270 0.292 (10)
Edit1 0.252 0.299 (8)

79. http://www.imageafter.com/image.php?image=b3_landscapes008.jpg

81. “

82. http://www.flickr.com/photos/walkadog/3560856061/