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dX
dt
= F(X) + p(X, t)
dϕ
dt
= ω + Z(ϕ) ⋅ p(X, t)
X(t) = (V, m, h, n)T
dX(t)
dt
= F(X(t))
dynamical system
XT(t + T) = XT(t)
dϕ
dt
=
2π
T
≡ ω
dϕ
dt
= ∇Xϕ ⋅
dX
dt
= ∇Xϕ ⋅ F(X) = ω
ϕ(X) = ϕ0 = Const .
dϕ
dt
= ∇Xϕ ⋅
dX
dt
dϕ(X) =
∂ϕ
∂x1
dx1 +
∂ϕ
∂x2
dx2 + ⋯
= ∇Xϕ ⋅ dX
dW
dt
= (1 + iω)W − (1 + iα)|W|2
W
W = Reiθ R = 1
θ − α log R = Const .
dX
dt
= F(X) + p(X, t)
p = 0 XT(t)
dϕ
dt
= ∇Xϕ ⋅ (F(X) + p(X, t) = ω + ∇Xϕ ⋅ p(X, t)
dϕ
dt
= ∇Xϕ ⋅ (F(X) + p(X, t)) = ω + ∇Xϕ ⋅ p(X, t)
XT(ϕ)
Z(ϕ) ≡ ∇X(ϕ)|X=XT(ϕ)
dX
dt
= F(X) + p(X, t)
dϕ
dt
= ω + Z(ϕ) ⋅ p(X, t)
dX(t)
dt
= F(X(t))
dX
dt
= F(X) + p(X, t)
dϕ
dt
= ω + ZV(ϕ) ⋅ I(VT(ϕ), t)
I(t) = Aδ(t − ts) ϕ = ωT + AZV(ϕs)
dZ(ϕ)
dϕ
= − {DF(XT(ϕ))}T
Z(ϕ)
dV
dt
= I − gV if V > 1, then V = 0
VT(t) =
I
g
(1 − e−gT
)
T =
1
g
log
I
I − g
ϕ =
2π
T
t
ZV(ϕ) =
dϕ
dV
V=VT
=
2π
T
dt
dV
V=VT
=
2π
T
1
I − gVT(t)
=
2π
Tg
(1 − e−gT
)e
Tg
2π ϕ
dX1
dt
= F(X1) + δF1(X1) + V12(X1, X2)
dX2
dt
= F(X2) + δF2(X2) + V21(X2, X1)
dϕi
dt
= ω + Z(ϕi) ⋅ δFi(XT(ϕi)) + Z(ϕi) ⋅ Vij(XT(ϕi), XT(ϕj))
ϕi − ϕj
ϕi = ωt + φi
dϕi
dt
= ω + δωi + Γij(ϕi − ϕj)
δωi =
1
2π ∫
2π
0
Z(θ) ⋅ δFi(XT(θ))dθ
Γij(ϕ) =
1
2π ∫
2π
0
Z(θ) ⋅ Vij(XT(θ), XT(θ − ϕ))dθ
Γij(ϕ) = Γ(ϕ)
dΔϕ
dt
= Γ(Δϕ) − Γ(−Δϕ)
= Γodd(Δϕ)
Δϕeq = 0
Δϕ = ϕ1 − ϕ2
Γ′odd(Δϕeq) < 0
Γij(ϕ) =
1
2π ∫
2π
0
Z(θ) ⋅ Vij(XT(θ), XT(θ − ϕ))dθ
Isyn = gsynm(t)(V − Esyn)
Esyn
Isyn = gsynm(t)(V − Esyn)
m(t) =
∑
ts<t
α(t − ts)
α(t) =
t
τ
exp
(
−
t − τ
τ )
Γij(ϕ)
Γij(ϕ) =
1
2π ∫
2π
0
ZV(θ)gsynmT(θ − ϕ)(VT(θ) − Esyn)dθ
ωt = ϕ
dV
dt
= I − gV if V > 1, then V = 0
ZV(ϕ) =
2π
Tg
(1 − e−gT
)e
Tg
2π ϕ
dV
dt
=
1
C
(−INa − IK(t) − IL(t) + I)
dV
dt
= I + V2
ZV(ϕ) =
2
ω2
(1 − cos ϕ)
V = tan(θ/2) dθ
dt
= 1 − cos θ + (1 + cos θ)I
Z(ϕ) = A sin(ϕ + β)
dW
dt
= (1 + iω)W − (1 + iα)|W|2
W
I < 0 I = 0 I > 0
dθ
dt
= 1 − cos θ + (1 + cos θ)I
dW
dt
= (μ + i)W − |W|2
W
W = Reiθ
dR
dt
= μR − R3
= f(R),
dθ
dt
= 1
R = 0 f′(R = 0)
μ > 0
R = μ
dϕi
dt
= ωi +
N
∑
j=1
Γij(ϕi − ϕj)
dϕi
dt
= ωi +
1
N
N
∑
j=1
Γ(ϕi − ϕj)
ωi
ωi
Γij(ϕ) = − K sin(ϕ)
dϕi
dt
= ωi −
K
N
N
∑
j=1
sin(ϕi − ϕj)
N → ∞ KC
K > KC
r =
1
N
N
∑
j=1
eiϕj
K < KC
K > KC
r ∼ O( K − KC)
r = 0
Type I Membranes, Phase Resetting Curves, and Synchrony
http://www.f.waseda.jp/atsuko_ta/BioSystems/15BioSys.pdf

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Phase Resetting Curves and Synchrony in Type I Membranes

  • 1.
  • 2.
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  • 5.
  • 6. dX dt = F(X) + p(X, t) dϕ dt = ω + Z(ϕ) ⋅ p(X, t)
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9. X(t) = (V, m, h, n)T dX(t) dt = F(X(t))
  • 11. XT(t + T) = XT(t) dϕ dt = 2π T ≡ ω
  • 12.
  • 13. dϕ dt = ∇Xϕ ⋅ dX dt = ∇Xϕ ⋅ F(X) = ω ϕ(X) = ϕ0 = Const .
  • 14. dϕ dt = ∇Xϕ ⋅ dX dt dϕ(X) = ∂ϕ ∂x1 dx1 + ∂ϕ ∂x2 dx2 + ⋯ = ∇Xϕ ⋅ dX
  • 15. dW dt = (1 + iω)W − (1 + iα)|W|2 W W = Reiθ R = 1 θ − α log R = Const .
  • 16. dX dt = F(X) + p(X, t) p = 0 XT(t) dϕ dt = ∇Xϕ ⋅ (F(X) + p(X, t) = ω + ∇Xϕ ⋅ p(X, t)
  • 17. dϕ dt = ∇Xϕ ⋅ (F(X) + p(X, t)) = ω + ∇Xϕ ⋅ p(X, t) XT(ϕ) Z(ϕ) ≡ ∇X(ϕ)|X=XT(ϕ) dX dt = F(X) + p(X, t) dϕ dt = ω + Z(ϕ) ⋅ p(X, t)
  • 19. dϕ dt = ω + ZV(ϕ) ⋅ I(VT(ϕ), t) I(t) = Aδ(t − ts) ϕ = ωT + AZV(ϕs) dZ(ϕ) dϕ = − {DF(XT(ϕ))}T Z(ϕ)
  • 20. dV dt = I − gV if V > 1, then V = 0 VT(t) = I g (1 − e−gT ) T = 1 g log I I − g ϕ = 2π T t ZV(ϕ) = dϕ dV V=VT = 2π T dt dV V=VT = 2π T 1 I − gVT(t) = 2π Tg (1 − e−gT )e Tg 2π ϕ
  • 21. dX1 dt = F(X1) + δF1(X1) + V12(X1, X2) dX2 dt = F(X2) + δF2(X2) + V21(X2, X1)
  • 22. dϕi dt = ω + Z(ϕi) ⋅ δFi(XT(ϕi)) + Z(ϕi) ⋅ Vij(XT(ϕi), XT(ϕj)) ϕi − ϕj ϕi = ωt + φi dϕi dt = ω + δωi + Γij(ϕi − ϕj) δωi = 1 2π ∫ 2π 0 Z(θ) ⋅ δFi(XT(θ))dθ Γij(ϕ) = 1 2π ∫ 2π 0 Z(θ) ⋅ Vij(XT(θ), XT(θ − ϕ))dθ
  • 23. Γij(ϕ) = Γ(ϕ) dΔϕ dt = Γ(Δϕ) − Γ(−Δϕ) = Γodd(Δϕ) Δϕeq = 0 Δϕ = ϕ1 − ϕ2 Γ′odd(Δϕeq) < 0
  • 24.
  • 25. Γij(ϕ) = 1 2π ∫ 2π 0 Z(θ) ⋅ Vij(XT(θ), XT(θ − ϕ))dθ Isyn = gsynm(t)(V − Esyn) Esyn
  • 26. Isyn = gsynm(t)(V − Esyn) m(t) = ∑ ts<t α(t − ts) α(t) = t τ exp ( − t − τ τ ) Γij(ϕ) Γij(ϕ) = 1 2π ∫ 2π 0 ZV(θ)gsynmT(θ − ϕ)(VT(θ) − Esyn)dθ ωt = ϕ
  • 27.
  • 28. dV dt = I − gV if V > 1, then V = 0 ZV(ϕ) = 2π Tg (1 − e−gT )e Tg 2π ϕ
  • 30. dV dt = I + V2 ZV(ϕ) = 2 ω2 (1 − cos ϕ) V = tan(θ/2) dθ dt = 1 − cos θ + (1 + cos θ)I
  • 31. Z(ϕ) = A sin(ϕ + β) dW dt = (1 + iω)W − (1 + iα)|W|2 W
  • 32.
  • 33. I < 0 I = 0 I > 0 dθ dt = 1 − cos θ + (1 + cos θ)I
  • 34. dW dt = (μ + i)W − |W|2 W W = Reiθ dR dt = μR − R3 = f(R), dθ dt = 1 R = 0 f′(R = 0) μ > 0 R = μ
  • 35. dϕi dt = ωi + N ∑ j=1 Γij(ϕi − ϕj) dϕi dt = ωi + 1 N N ∑ j=1 Γ(ϕi − ϕj)
  • 36. ωi
  • 37. ωi Γij(ϕ) = − K sin(ϕ) dϕi dt = ωi − K N N ∑ j=1 sin(ϕi − ϕj) N → ∞ KC K > KC r = 1 N N ∑ j=1 eiϕj K < KC K > KC r ∼ O( K − KC) r = 0
  • 38.
  • 39.
  • 40.
  • 41.
  • 42. Type I Membranes, Phase Resetting Curves, and Synchrony http://www.f.waseda.jp/atsuko_ta/BioSystems/15BioSys.pdf