Multisensor coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) incorporate touch probes, vision metrology systems, and lasers to provide highly flexible measurement. Using three sensors allows measuring a wide range of features more efficiently than single-sensor machines. While integrating different technologies is challenging, advances in machine design, sensors, and software now allow multisensor CMMs to switch between techniques seamlessly with minimal loss of accuracy. By streamlining part setup and measurement, multisensor CMMs can significantly reduce inspection time in manufacturing cells.
3d Machine Vision Systems Paper Presentationguestac67362
ww
1) 3D machine vision systems have advanced to enable quantitative metrology applications on the shop floor. Technologies like laser scanning, structured light, and stereo vision can provide measurements in the sub-mil range at speeds of a few seconds.
2) Key factors for production use are measurement resolution in mils/sub-mils, speeds under a few seconds, and robustness to varying surface finishes and conditions. Technologies were tested on features like edges, textures, and spheres to evaluate performance.
3) Applications include industrial inspection, autonomous vehicles, transport safety, surveillance, remote sensing, and medical imaging. Continued improvements in computing, cameras, and light sources will further expand use of 3D machine
This document discusses machine vision and various components of machine vision systems. It describes different types of sensors used in machine vision like cameras, frame grabbers, and describes the process of sensing and digitizing image data through analog to digital conversion, image storage, and lighting techniques. It also discusses image processing and analysis techniques like segmentation, feature extraction and object recognition. Finally, it provides examples of applications of machine vision systems in inspection, identification, and navigation.
"Beyond Measure" is more than a tagline. It is at the core of what we do for our customers at SURVICE Metrology. It is the ability to look beyond a customer's request for support and provide further insight to both their requirements and the tools, techniques, and processes available to get the job done right the first time. Our diverse workforce at SURVICE Metrology brings experience and expertise from various industries, trades, and government institutions to our profession - and our reach back to internal resources at SURVICE Engineering's operations across the United States is unparalleled.
SURVICE Metrology provides innovative and integrated dimensional inspection services, 3-D modeling, and metrology application development. From our metrology facilities in Maryland, Florida and Michigan, as well as through our portable field measurement teams, we provide responsive support and quality products to our customers.
SURVICE Metrology is a division of the SURVICE Engineering Company (www.survice.com). SURVICE has been providing the DoD and industry customers with specialized products and services supporting the design, development, testing, and fielding of systems for more than 30 years. SURVICE's corporate headquarters is in Belcamp, MD, and has technical operations in Maryland, Virginia, Ohio, Alabama, Florida, and California.
We Employ:
• A suite of state-of-the-art metrology equipment – laser and structured-light scanning, portable and fixed CMMs, laser trackers, photogrammetry, x-ray computed tomography
• Advanced measurement and modeling tools
• Extensive measurement, modeling, reverse engineering, reality capture experience
• Unique custom application development capability – HawkEye, Enhanced Laser Radar, I-CARS, Structure From Motion
• Additive manufacturing – 3D printing and model prep services
Manufacturers often use check fixtures to inspect parts for defects, but check fixtures are expensive to design, build, and store. They also do not provide quantitative data for process improvement. The document discusses how manufacturers can eliminate check fixtures by using modular tooling and portable coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) like articulating arms and laser trackers. This allows parts to be measured quickly and provides data for statistical analysis to improve manufacturing processes. Combining modular tooling and portable CMMs pays for itself by eliminating the need for new check fixtures and saves on associated costs like storage and maintenance.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION OF MACHINE VISION ppt mrng finlanil badiger
This document discusses the industrial application of machine vision. It begins with definitions of machine vision and descriptions of its key components like light sources, lenses, sensors, and processing units. It then explains the basic working principle of how a camera captures an image of an object, the computer analyzes the image characteristics, and communicates acceptance or rejection. Some common application fields are listed as automotive, electronics, food, and manufacturing. Specific applications like measurement, counting, location, and decoding are then described in more detail with examples. The document concludes that machine vision provides benefits like speed, consistency, reliability, and ability to operate in hazardous environments.
Progress of Integration in MEMS and New Industry CreationSLINTEC
This document provides an overview of progress in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) technology and applications. It discusses the growth of the MEMS/NEMS market, successful commercial applications in automobiles and IT, and research at Ritsumeikan University on developing new MEMS/NEMS devices for applications in areas like robotics, medical diagnostics, communication technology, and more sustainable "green MEMS" using biodegradable polymers.
1) Machine vision uses digital cameras and image processing to automate production processes and quality inspections by replacing manual methods.
2) A machine vision system involves four steps: imaging, image processing/analysis, communicating results to the control system, and taking appropriate action.
3) The main components of a machine vision system are cameras, lighting systems, frame grabbers, and computer/software to process images and analyze results.
Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) are small integrated devices that combine electrical and mechanical components. MEMS fabrication involves depositing thin films, lithography to pattern the films, and etching to selectively remove material. MEMS can be fabricated using processes like thermal oxidation, deposition, doping, etching, and lithography. Applications of MEMS include sensors, actuators, mirrors, and biomedical devices. MEMS technology is expected to continue advancing and enabling new applications in fields such as computing, communications, and transportation.
3d Machine Vision Systems Paper Presentationguestac67362
ww
1) 3D machine vision systems have advanced to enable quantitative metrology applications on the shop floor. Technologies like laser scanning, structured light, and stereo vision can provide measurements in the sub-mil range at speeds of a few seconds.
2) Key factors for production use are measurement resolution in mils/sub-mils, speeds under a few seconds, and robustness to varying surface finishes and conditions. Technologies were tested on features like edges, textures, and spheres to evaluate performance.
3) Applications include industrial inspection, autonomous vehicles, transport safety, surveillance, remote sensing, and medical imaging. Continued improvements in computing, cameras, and light sources will further expand use of 3D machine
This document discusses machine vision and various components of machine vision systems. It describes different types of sensors used in machine vision like cameras, frame grabbers, and describes the process of sensing and digitizing image data through analog to digital conversion, image storage, and lighting techniques. It also discusses image processing and analysis techniques like segmentation, feature extraction and object recognition. Finally, it provides examples of applications of machine vision systems in inspection, identification, and navigation.
"Beyond Measure" is more than a tagline. It is at the core of what we do for our customers at SURVICE Metrology. It is the ability to look beyond a customer's request for support and provide further insight to both their requirements and the tools, techniques, and processes available to get the job done right the first time. Our diverse workforce at SURVICE Metrology brings experience and expertise from various industries, trades, and government institutions to our profession - and our reach back to internal resources at SURVICE Engineering's operations across the United States is unparalleled.
SURVICE Metrology provides innovative and integrated dimensional inspection services, 3-D modeling, and metrology application development. From our metrology facilities in Maryland, Florida and Michigan, as well as through our portable field measurement teams, we provide responsive support and quality products to our customers.
SURVICE Metrology is a division of the SURVICE Engineering Company (www.survice.com). SURVICE has been providing the DoD and industry customers with specialized products and services supporting the design, development, testing, and fielding of systems for more than 30 years. SURVICE's corporate headquarters is in Belcamp, MD, and has technical operations in Maryland, Virginia, Ohio, Alabama, Florida, and California.
We Employ:
• A suite of state-of-the-art metrology equipment – laser and structured-light scanning, portable and fixed CMMs, laser trackers, photogrammetry, x-ray computed tomography
• Advanced measurement and modeling tools
• Extensive measurement, modeling, reverse engineering, reality capture experience
• Unique custom application development capability – HawkEye, Enhanced Laser Radar, I-CARS, Structure From Motion
• Additive manufacturing – 3D printing and model prep services
Manufacturers often use check fixtures to inspect parts for defects, but check fixtures are expensive to design, build, and store. They also do not provide quantitative data for process improvement. The document discusses how manufacturers can eliminate check fixtures by using modular tooling and portable coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) like articulating arms and laser trackers. This allows parts to be measured quickly and provides data for statistical analysis to improve manufacturing processes. Combining modular tooling and portable CMMs pays for itself by eliminating the need for new check fixtures and saves on associated costs like storage and maintenance.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION OF MACHINE VISION ppt mrng finlanil badiger
This document discusses the industrial application of machine vision. It begins with definitions of machine vision and descriptions of its key components like light sources, lenses, sensors, and processing units. It then explains the basic working principle of how a camera captures an image of an object, the computer analyzes the image characteristics, and communicates acceptance or rejection. Some common application fields are listed as automotive, electronics, food, and manufacturing. Specific applications like measurement, counting, location, and decoding are then described in more detail with examples. The document concludes that machine vision provides benefits like speed, consistency, reliability, and ability to operate in hazardous environments.
Progress of Integration in MEMS and New Industry CreationSLINTEC
This document provides an overview of progress in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) technology and applications. It discusses the growth of the MEMS/NEMS market, successful commercial applications in automobiles and IT, and research at Ritsumeikan University on developing new MEMS/NEMS devices for applications in areas like robotics, medical diagnostics, communication technology, and more sustainable "green MEMS" using biodegradable polymers.
1) Machine vision uses digital cameras and image processing to automate production processes and quality inspections by replacing manual methods.
2) A machine vision system involves four steps: imaging, image processing/analysis, communicating results to the control system, and taking appropriate action.
3) The main components of a machine vision system are cameras, lighting systems, frame grabbers, and computer/software to process images and analyze results.
Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) are small integrated devices that combine electrical and mechanical components. MEMS fabrication involves depositing thin films, lithography to pattern the films, and etching to selectively remove material. MEMS can be fabricated using processes like thermal oxidation, deposition, doping, etching, and lithography. Applications of MEMS include sensors, actuators, mirrors, and biomedical devices. MEMS technology is expected to continue advancing and enabling new applications in fields such as computing, communications, and transportation.
A machine vision system uses cameras and computer processing to simulate the human ability to recognize images. It performs image sensing, analysis, and interpretation to automatically acquire data about objects, measure image features, recognize objects, and make decisions. The process involves a camera capturing an image of an object under light, the computer analyzing the image characteristics, and either communicating defects to a rejection unit or sending defect-free parts for further processing. Key steps are image formation, processing the image for computer analysis, defining and analyzing image characteristics, and interpreting the image and making decisions. Machine vision is used for inspection, identification, guidance and control in various applications like quality assurance, defect detection, testing and calibration.
Nano electromechanical systems (NEMS) integrate electrical and mechanical components on the nanoscale. NEMS devices can be much smaller than microdevices and can perform functions like sensing forces and displacements at the molecular level. Some key applications of NEMS include accelerometers for airbags, nano nozzles in inkjet printers, and components in wireless devices. NEMS are fabricated using deposition, lithography, and etching processes and have advantages like low power consumption, high precision, and system integration capabilities. However, challenges remain around fabrication knowledge, packaging, and limited commercial options currently preventing wider adoption.
This presentation discusses Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) and Nano-Electro Mechanical Systems (NEMS). It defines MEMS as integrating electrical and mechanical components on a chip to produce a miniature system. The basic MEMS fabrication process involves deposition, patterning, and etching. Some applications of MEMS include sensors, optical and fluid devices. NEMS builds on MEMS with even smaller nano-scale mechanical and electronic elements. NEMS applications include accelerometers, nano nozzles, and medical sensors. The advantages of MEMS and NEMS are their low cost, precision, system integration and small size.
This document discusses applications of machine vision in industry. It begins by defining machine vision as applying computer vision techniques using additional hardware for tasks like industrial automation. Common applications of machine vision include product inspection in manufacturing to automate and improve the accuracy and efficiency of inspection. The document then discusses the typical components of a machine vision system and how it operates by acquiring images, processing them, and analyzing patterns for tasks like object detection. Finally, it provides several examples of machine vision applications in various industries like automotive, food processing, and rail transport.
MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) use microsensors and actuators to sense the environment and react to changes. They are revolutionizing modern medical electronics by enabling handheld devices to replace bulky hospital equipment. Examples include pedometers, blood pressure monitors, and glucose meters. MEMS integrate sensing, processing, and wireless transmission onto a single silicon chip using micromachining techniques. They are enabling new applications in areas like biosensing, diagnostics, and tissue engineering to provide personalized healthcare.
Aiar. unit v. machine vision 1462642546237Kunal mane
Machine vision systems are used to perform tasks such as part selection, identification, and inspection. A typical machine vision system consists of a camera, digitizing hardware, and a computer for image processing and analysis. The key functions of a vision system are sensing and digitizing image data, image processing and analysis, and application of the results. Image processing techniques used include data reduction methods like digital conversion and windowing, segmentation methods like thresholding, region growing and edge detection, and feature extraction to analyze objects and enable recognition. Machine vision has applications in industrial inspection, identification, and visual servoing and navigation in robotics.
Unit III - Solved Question Bank- Robotics Engineering -Sanjay Singh
This Question Bank for Robotics Engineering is only for academic purpose and not for any commercial use. Students of Anna University and other Universities can use it for reference and knowledge.
Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) are tiny devices that convert electrical energy to mechanical motion and vice versa. There are three key steps to fabricating MEMS: deposition of thin films, patterning of the films, and etching to remove unwanted material. MEMS are commonly used in sensors and actuators due to their small size, low power consumption, and ability to integrate electronics and mechanical elements on a single chip. Common applications include accelerometers in smartphones, pressure sensors in cars, and medical devices.
This document discusses machine vision systems and their applications in semiconductor manufacturing. It begins with definitions of machine vision systems and an overview of their components and functions. It then discusses various applications of machine vision in semiconductor front-end and back-end processes like inspection, metrology, and assembly. Specific applications mentioned include inspection of wafers, dies, packages, leads, and printed circuit boards. The document provides examples of machine vision aiding processes like die bonding, wire bonding, laser marking, and automated assembly.
This document provides an overview of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). It discusses MEMS manufacturing technologies including bulk micromachining, surface micromachining, and high aspect ratio silicon micromachining. It also outlines applications of MEMS in sensors, marine science, medical science, and the military. Challenges in MEMS include limited fabrication options, packaging difficulties, and the specialized knowledge required for device design. The document concludes that MEMS has the potential to produce lower cost, high quality sensors and create a more connected world through real-time data collection.
This document provides an overview of sensors, MEMS, and the Internet of Things. It discusses improvements in cost and performance of sensors, transceivers, GPS, and energy harvesters that enable the IoT. MEMS are a key part of the IoT as many types of sensors are MEMS-based. Examples discussed include micro-gas analyzers using MEMS-based gas chromatography and inkjet printers using MEMS to reduce ink consumption. The document outlines drivers of the IoT including falling costs of components and emergence of better software.
This document provides a review of MEMS (Microelectromechanical Systems) and NEMS (Nanoelectromechanical Systems) technology. It discusses the history and components of MEMS/NEMS, including sensors, actuators, and fabrication processes like deposition, lithography, and etching. The document notes that MEMS businesses are currently estimated to be around $50 billion and include applications in automobiles, phones, and printers. MEMS/NEMS allow the development of very small sensor systems that can impart intelligence everywhere. In conclusion, the author states that MEMS/NEMS have significant potential and may create an industry that exceeds the size and impact of the integrated circuit industry.
Provides high accuracy for component inspection and significantly reduces cycle time. There are three variants of the high-performance vision measuring instrument.
Vision sensors for recognition and assessment of objects and scenesifm electronic gmbh
The document discusses various types of industrial vision sensors produced by ifm for applications including object recognition, inspection, identification, and 3D sensing. It provides an overview of the O2D contour sensor, O2V pixel counter, O2I code reader, and O3D 3D sensor. These vision sensors offer robust designs, integrated lighting and processing, and ease of use comparable to traditional sensors. The document also highlights example applications such as quality control, completeness checking, and object identification/dimensioning.
MEMS = Micro Electro Mechanical System
Any engineering system that performs electrical (switching ,deciding) and mechanical functions (sensing,moving,heating) with components in micrometers is a MEMS.
This document discusses microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) fabrication methods. It covers common MEMS fabrication processes like deposition, lithography, and etching. Deposition methods include chemical vapor deposition and physical vapor deposition to deposit thin films. Lithography involves transferring patterns to photosensitive materials using masks and radiation exposure. Etching is used to selectively remove materials, including wet etching using chemicals and dry etching using reactive ions. The document also discusses challenges with MEMS packaging, limited prototyping and manufacturing options, and the need for improved design tools.
This document describes an inspection system that uses machine vision to inspect bottles of liquid medicine on a production line. The system uses a camera and MATLAB software to analyze images of bottles and check that the liquid level and bottle cap meet specifications. It summarizes the experimental setup, image processing and analysis methods, and results of testing the system on 4 sample bottles. The system was able to accurately inspect the bottles and determine if they passed or failed inspection of the liquid level and bottle cap.
There are several types of barcode readers and scanners. Barcode readers include pen wands, slot scanners, charge-coupled device (CCD) scanners, image scanners, and laser scanners. Each type uses different technologies to read barcodes. For example, pen wands use a light source and photodiode to read barcodes by dragging the pen across the bars, while laser scanners can read barcodes from a distance without contact. There are also different types of scanners, including flatbed scanners, sheet-fed scanners, and handheld scanners, each with their own advantages and uses.
StereoCheck, StereoCheckRM, and CheckBRW - Stereotactic Coordinates VerificationArmando Alaminos Bouza
StereoCheck is an APP for independent verification of Stereotactic Coordinates on Neurosurgery. It is available on Apple "App Store". It can be installed on iPhone or iPad.
StereoCheck has support for most stereotactic apparatus on the market, including
FiMe, Bramsys, Macom, CRW, Leksell, ZD and Riechert-Mundinger.
There are special versions of the application for the BRW and Riechert-Mundinger apparatus.
Developed by Mevis Informática Médica LTDA.
MEMS is a technique of combining electrical and mechanical components together on a chip. It produces a system of miniature dimensions i.e the system having thickness less than the thickness of human hair. The components are integrated on a single chip using micro fabrication technology which allows the microsystem to both sense & control the environment.
The document describes a business opportunity selling prepaid mobile, internet, and gaming cards through a multi-level marketing structure. It outlines the various packages available to become a retailer or franchise owner, earning commissions from direct sales and overrides from sales of retailers in one's organization. The highest package costs over 11,000 pesos and promises maximum monthly earnings of over 2.7 million pesos through leverage of a large sales force over time.
This document provides an overview of operations research (OR). It discusses what OR is, the problem solving process, and deterministic versus stochastic models. OR aims to provide rational bases for decision making by structuring complex situations and using analytical techniques to develop mathematical models. The problem solving process involves formulating the problem, constructing a model, finding a solution, and implementing it. Deterministic models assume certain data while stochastic models represent uncertainty. The document also lists some OR techniques and applications.
A machine vision system uses cameras and computer processing to simulate the human ability to recognize images. It performs image sensing, analysis, and interpretation to automatically acquire data about objects, measure image features, recognize objects, and make decisions. The process involves a camera capturing an image of an object under light, the computer analyzing the image characteristics, and either communicating defects to a rejection unit or sending defect-free parts for further processing. Key steps are image formation, processing the image for computer analysis, defining and analyzing image characteristics, and interpreting the image and making decisions. Machine vision is used for inspection, identification, guidance and control in various applications like quality assurance, defect detection, testing and calibration.
Nano electromechanical systems (NEMS) integrate electrical and mechanical components on the nanoscale. NEMS devices can be much smaller than microdevices and can perform functions like sensing forces and displacements at the molecular level. Some key applications of NEMS include accelerometers for airbags, nano nozzles in inkjet printers, and components in wireless devices. NEMS are fabricated using deposition, lithography, and etching processes and have advantages like low power consumption, high precision, and system integration capabilities. However, challenges remain around fabrication knowledge, packaging, and limited commercial options currently preventing wider adoption.
This presentation discusses Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) and Nano-Electro Mechanical Systems (NEMS). It defines MEMS as integrating electrical and mechanical components on a chip to produce a miniature system. The basic MEMS fabrication process involves deposition, patterning, and etching. Some applications of MEMS include sensors, optical and fluid devices. NEMS builds on MEMS with even smaller nano-scale mechanical and electronic elements. NEMS applications include accelerometers, nano nozzles, and medical sensors. The advantages of MEMS and NEMS are their low cost, precision, system integration and small size.
This document discusses applications of machine vision in industry. It begins by defining machine vision as applying computer vision techniques using additional hardware for tasks like industrial automation. Common applications of machine vision include product inspection in manufacturing to automate and improve the accuracy and efficiency of inspection. The document then discusses the typical components of a machine vision system and how it operates by acquiring images, processing them, and analyzing patterns for tasks like object detection. Finally, it provides several examples of machine vision applications in various industries like automotive, food processing, and rail transport.
MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) use microsensors and actuators to sense the environment and react to changes. They are revolutionizing modern medical electronics by enabling handheld devices to replace bulky hospital equipment. Examples include pedometers, blood pressure monitors, and glucose meters. MEMS integrate sensing, processing, and wireless transmission onto a single silicon chip using micromachining techniques. They are enabling new applications in areas like biosensing, diagnostics, and tissue engineering to provide personalized healthcare.
Aiar. unit v. machine vision 1462642546237Kunal mane
Machine vision systems are used to perform tasks such as part selection, identification, and inspection. A typical machine vision system consists of a camera, digitizing hardware, and a computer for image processing and analysis. The key functions of a vision system are sensing and digitizing image data, image processing and analysis, and application of the results. Image processing techniques used include data reduction methods like digital conversion and windowing, segmentation methods like thresholding, region growing and edge detection, and feature extraction to analyze objects and enable recognition. Machine vision has applications in industrial inspection, identification, and visual servoing and navigation in robotics.
Unit III - Solved Question Bank- Robotics Engineering -Sanjay Singh
This Question Bank for Robotics Engineering is only for academic purpose and not for any commercial use. Students of Anna University and other Universities can use it for reference and knowledge.
Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) are tiny devices that convert electrical energy to mechanical motion and vice versa. There are three key steps to fabricating MEMS: deposition of thin films, patterning of the films, and etching to remove unwanted material. MEMS are commonly used in sensors and actuators due to their small size, low power consumption, and ability to integrate electronics and mechanical elements on a single chip. Common applications include accelerometers in smartphones, pressure sensors in cars, and medical devices.
This document discusses machine vision systems and their applications in semiconductor manufacturing. It begins with definitions of machine vision systems and an overview of their components and functions. It then discusses various applications of machine vision in semiconductor front-end and back-end processes like inspection, metrology, and assembly. Specific applications mentioned include inspection of wafers, dies, packages, leads, and printed circuit boards. The document provides examples of machine vision aiding processes like die bonding, wire bonding, laser marking, and automated assembly.
This document provides an overview of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). It discusses MEMS manufacturing technologies including bulk micromachining, surface micromachining, and high aspect ratio silicon micromachining. It also outlines applications of MEMS in sensors, marine science, medical science, and the military. Challenges in MEMS include limited fabrication options, packaging difficulties, and the specialized knowledge required for device design. The document concludes that MEMS has the potential to produce lower cost, high quality sensors and create a more connected world through real-time data collection.
This document provides an overview of sensors, MEMS, and the Internet of Things. It discusses improvements in cost and performance of sensors, transceivers, GPS, and energy harvesters that enable the IoT. MEMS are a key part of the IoT as many types of sensors are MEMS-based. Examples discussed include micro-gas analyzers using MEMS-based gas chromatography and inkjet printers using MEMS to reduce ink consumption. The document outlines drivers of the IoT including falling costs of components and emergence of better software.
This document provides a review of MEMS (Microelectromechanical Systems) and NEMS (Nanoelectromechanical Systems) technology. It discusses the history and components of MEMS/NEMS, including sensors, actuators, and fabrication processes like deposition, lithography, and etching. The document notes that MEMS businesses are currently estimated to be around $50 billion and include applications in automobiles, phones, and printers. MEMS/NEMS allow the development of very small sensor systems that can impart intelligence everywhere. In conclusion, the author states that MEMS/NEMS have significant potential and may create an industry that exceeds the size and impact of the integrated circuit industry.
Provides high accuracy for component inspection and significantly reduces cycle time. There are three variants of the high-performance vision measuring instrument.
Vision sensors for recognition and assessment of objects and scenesifm electronic gmbh
The document discusses various types of industrial vision sensors produced by ifm for applications including object recognition, inspection, identification, and 3D sensing. It provides an overview of the O2D contour sensor, O2V pixel counter, O2I code reader, and O3D 3D sensor. These vision sensors offer robust designs, integrated lighting and processing, and ease of use comparable to traditional sensors. The document also highlights example applications such as quality control, completeness checking, and object identification/dimensioning.
MEMS = Micro Electro Mechanical System
Any engineering system that performs electrical (switching ,deciding) and mechanical functions (sensing,moving,heating) with components in micrometers is a MEMS.
This document discusses microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) fabrication methods. It covers common MEMS fabrication processes like deposition, lithography, and etching. Deposition methods include chemical vapor deposition and physical vapor deposition to deposit thin films. Lithography involves transferring patterns to photosensitive materials using masks and radiation exposure. Etching is used to selectively remove materials, including wet etching using chemicals and dry etching using reactive ions. The document also discusses challenges with MEMS packaging, limited prototyping and manufacturing options, and the need for improved design tools.
This document describes an inspection system that uses machine vision to inspect bottles of liquid medicine on a production line. The system uses a camera and MATLAB software to analyze images of bottles and check that the liquid level and bottle cap meet specifications. It summarizes the experimental setup, image processing and analysis methods, and results of testing the system on 4 sample bottles. The system was able to accurately inspect the bottles and determine if they passed or failed inspection of the liquid level and bottle cap.
There are several types of barcode readers and scanners. Barcode readers include pen wands, slot scanners, charge-coupled device (CCD) scanners, image scanners, and laser scanners. Each type uses different technologies to read barcodes. For example, pen wands use a light source and photodiode to read barcodes by dragging the pen across the bars, while laser scanners can read barcodes from a distance without contact. There are also different types of scanners, including flatbed scanners, sheet-fed scanners, and handheld scanners, each with their own advantages and uses.
StereoCheck, StereoCheckRM, and CheckBRW - Stereotactic Coordinates VerificationArmando Alaminos Bouza
StereoCheck is an APP for independent verification of Stereotactic Coordinates on Neurosurgery. It is available on Apple "App Store". It can be installed on iPhone or iPad.
StereoCheck has support for most stereotactic apparatus on the market, including
FiMe, Bramsys, Macom, CRW, Leksell, ZD and Riechert-Mundinger.
There are special versions of the application for the BRW and Riechert-Mundinger apparatus.
Developed by Mevis Informática Médica LTDA.
MEMS is a technique of combining electrical and mechanical components together on a chip. It produces a system of miniature dimensions i.e the system having thickness less than the thickness of human hair. The components are integrated on a single chip using micro fabrication technology which allows the microsystem to both sense & control the environment.
The document describes a business opportunity selling prepaid mobile, internet, and gaming cards through a multi-level marketing structure. It outlines the various packages available to become a retailer or franchise owner, earning commissions from direct sales and overrides from sales of retailers in one's organization. The highest package costs over 11,000 pesos and promises maximum monthly earnings of over 2.7 million pesos through leverage of a large sales force over time.
This document provides an overview of operations research (OR). It discusses what OR is, the problem solving process, and deterministic versus stochastic models. OR aims to provide rational bases for decision making by structuring complex situations and using analytical techniques to develop mathematical models. The problem solving process involves formulating the problem, constructing a model, finding a solution, and implementing it. Deterministic models assume certain data while stochastic models represent uncertainty. The document also lists some OR techniques and applications.
This document provides information about an introductory course on management information systems. It includes the lecturer's contact details, information about assessments and grading, course content including topics on data, information, systems, and computer-based information systems. The objectives of the course are also stated as enabling students to understand basic IT concepts, participate in developing solutions to business problems, and demonstrate potential advantages of information technology applications in organizations.
Operations research (OR) aims to provide rational decision making by structuring complex situations using analytical and numerical techniques to develop mathematical models. The problem solving process involves formulating the problem, constructing a model, finding a solution, and implementing it. Models can be deterministic, with known inputs, or stochastic, incorporating uncertainty. OR techniques in Excel add-ins can help solve real problems like nurse scheduling.
The document discusses different measurement technologies that can meet the increasing inspection requirements of high-production turning equipment. Non-contact turned part measuring centers like the Tesascan can automatically inspect small dental implants. Vision systems provide significant throughput advantages over manual inspection for parts like piston valves. Touch probe systems allow inspection of turned and milled contours directly on the machine for the highest throughput.
The document provides instructions for a presentation on nouns. It begins by instructing the viewer to select "View show" from the Slide Show menu to start the presentation. It then discusses different types of nouns such as proper nouns, common nouns, countable nouns, uncountable nouns, concrete nouns, abstract nouns, and dual category nouns. At the end, it reminds the viewer how to print the slides if desired by selecting "print" from the file menu and choosing specific print settings.
1) The document discusses various types of life insurance policies like term insurance, money back policy, whole life, child policy etc.
2) It explains key concepts used in life insurance like sum insured, premium, policy term, benefits of insurance etc.
3) The benefits of different life insurance policies are explained depending on whether the insured person dies during the policy term due to illness or accident. Payments include sum insured, bonuses and additional riders.
Pantec Metrology is a manufacturer of motion controllers and sensors for coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) founded in 1990 in Liechtenstein. It has 120 employees across 5 business units and customer centers in Europe and Asia. Pantec's mission is to provide innovative metrology technologies for industrial, production, and medical applications. Their product line includes Eagle and Condort motion controllers, Eaglepad and Smartpad hand controllers, temperature sensors, and the Eagle.Head probing system. Pantec also offers services like training, support, consulting, and special technical adaptations.
The document lists notable international days in November and December that relate to human rights issues such as children's rights, violence against women, AIDS awareness, disability rights, volunteerism, anti-corruption efforts, and human rights film festivals. These international days are observed by the United Nations and other organizations to raise awareness and advocate for marginalized groups.
The document discusses the process of partnership liquidation, including dissolution, termination, and liquidation. It covers voluntary and involuntary liquidation, the accountant's responsibilities in managing the process, marshaling assets, creditor claims by priority, and the liquidation process. This includes closing books, allocating gains/losses, paying liabilities, and distributing remaining assets to partners through lump-sum or installment methods. Statements of realization and liquidation and cash distribution/safe payment plans are discussed as tools to outline the liquidation process and allocation of distributions.
Verbal and non verbal communication-Types of nonverbalsJeff Gasior
This document discusses various forms of non-verbal communication including physical appearance, clothing, artifacts, voice, body language, gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, use of space, time, touch, and physical environment. It explains how these different non-verbal cues can influence perceptions and convey important messages in professional settings. Mastering non-verbal communication helps people interact more effectively and may enhance their chances for career advancement.
This document provides guidance on pricing strategies for arts and crafts entrepreneurs. It recommends calculating pricing based on the cost of materials, related costs like booth fees, and paying yourself an hourly wage for your work. It also discusses factors to consider like whether items are unique, functional, or trend-driven. The document advises entrepreneurs to understand show demographics and trends when setting price points and offers tips for creative pricing and inventory strategies.
This document discusses aortic valvular diseases, including the etiology, pathophysiology, natural history, classification, and surgical treatment options for aortic stenosis and regurgitation. It provides details on the causes, effects, indications for surgery, and operating techniques for aortic valve replacement. Valve repair procedures are also mentioned, but replacement with bioprosthetic valves or allografts are generally the preferred surgical treatments for severe aortic valve disease.
This document presents a strategy for developing the spice sector in Ethiopia. It was developed by a coordinating committee of stakeholders from the spice value chain and endorsed by the Ethiopian government. The strategy aims to improve incomes and livelihoods of smallholder farmers and others in the spice sector. It analyzes the current situation of the global and Ethiopian spice markets and value chains. It identifies priorities and objectives to develop the sector, increase exports, and boost revenues. The strategy outlines the resources, framework, and stakeholders needed for implementation from 2011-2015.
This document discusses verb tenses and how to think about time using a mental timeline. It uses the example of baking a pizza to illustrate how different verb tenses indicate the past, present, or future. The key verb tenses are marked by words like "am/is/are" for present, "was/were" for past, and "will/shall" for future. By thinking about actions on a timeline with the past on the left, present in the middle, and future on the right, it helps explain how verb tenses work.
Considerations When Choosing A Smart Cameraguestb4aaef
Smart cameras represent the cutting edge of imaging technologies and new advancement in every part of the camera system will lead to only better and faster machines. The single most important element of the smart camera is the vendor who will be responsible for helping you choose the best camera, provide support and additional information regarding the capabilities of the specific application.
This document compares CCD and CMOS image sensor technologies. It summarizes that for the foreseeable future, both CCDs and CMOS sensors will play significant roles in imaging. CCDs offer superior image quality and flexibility, while CMOS sensors offer superior integration, power dissipation, and system size at the expense of image quality and flexibility. The document concludes that sustainable cost between the two technologies is approximately equal, contradicting traditional marketing claims of solely CMOS sensor companies.
Mobile CMOS Image Sensor Test System through Image Processing Techniqueijtsrd
These days, with the rise in technology, the image sensing used to play an important role. The image sensing capability plays an important role in the safety and security of the people. The image sensors in the automobiles have resulted in increasing the safety of the drivers and passengers of the vehicle. It also has been found very useful in the locking system, as the image has been scanned first, and the image sensing capabilities have made it possible to authenticate the identity of the person. The advancement in the robotics wasnt been possible if there won't be the enhancement in the image sensing capabilities. Therefore, the important role has been played by the image sensing in various applications of daily life. This paper reviews the past researches for the CMOS image sensing. As in image sensing, the image processing has to be done, therefore, in this paper, the Huffman Coding has been implemented for the image processing i.e. for compression and decompression. In the results, it has been found that the image compression has taken place in such a way so that there is less degradation in the quality of the image. The validation of the results have been done and they are found to be true to the objectives. Rajesh Kumar | Gargi Kalia "Mobile CMOS Image Sensor Test System through Image Processing Technique" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25194.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/25194/mobile-cmos-image-sensor-test-system-through-image-processing-technique/rajesh-kumar
This document discusses 3D machine vision systems and their use as metrology tools on the shop floor. It provides an overview of different 3D machine vision technologies like laser scanning, structured light, and stereo viewing. It discusses their capabilities and limitations, as well as advances that have enabled more quantitative shop floor metrology applications. Key performance parameters for these systems include sub-mil resolution, measurement speeds of a few seconds, and ability to measure a wide range of surface finishes. The document also evaluates these systems through application testing and comparison to other measurement tools.
Smart cameras are effective for machine vision due to their reliability, cost effectiveness and easy integration. They contain basic components like sensors, processors, interfaces and software. When choosing a camera, key considerations for the sensor include type (CMOS or CCD), resolution, pixel size, frame rate and shutter type. The processor's processing capabilities and manufacturer are also important to consider. Interface options vary in capabilities and costs, and software support and configurability are important factors.
This document discusses key considerations for machine vision systems. It explains that vision systems are unique to each application and require custom engineering. It then discusses important elements like lighting, lenses, camera sensors, and integration with control systems. Proper lighting and component selection are essential for system success. The document also outlines common vision system types and imaging options like 2D and 3D.
This document is a seminar report on image sensor systems submitted by three students - Jayesh Mangroliya, Miral Modi, and Jaydeep Bhayani. It contains an abstract that describes how digital image sensors work, focusing on how photons are converted into electrical signals. It also details the differences between CCD and CMOS sensor architectures and various metrics used to analyze sensor performance. The report includes a comparison of recent CCD and CMOS sensors using these metrics and develops a model relating well capacity and conversion gain.
Outsourcing the Design & Manufacturing of Projection Engines for 3D Metrology...Giplink Digital
Lumaxis provides projection engines that it designs into 3D metrology solutions, focusing primarily on automated optical inspection systems. Lumaxis gives manufacturers serving the electronics market an industry-leading combination of resolution, speed, precision, reliability, and design flexibility.
Source: https://www.lumaxis.net/2018/01/outsourcing-design-manufacturing-projection-engines-3d-metrology-systems/
Digital versus film photography wikipediahollyetty123
Digital versus film photography has been debated since digital cameras emerged in the late 20th century. Both have advantages and disadvantages in terms of image quality metrics like resolution, noise, dynamic range, and autofocus capabilities. While film historically provided higher resolutions than digital, improvements in digital camera sensors mean the two mediums now overlap in performance across many metrics, with tradeoffs depending on the specific camera, film, and intended use of the image.
This document discusses Nikon Metrology's Laser Radar system for automating inspection of car bodies on production lines. The Laser Radar uses laser scanning to quickly and accurately measure features without contact in under an hour, much faster than traditional inspection methods. It is mounted on an industrial robot to scan all areas of a vehicle. Measurements are taken in the vehicle coordinate system for consistency. The Laser Radar inspection system provides benefits like reduced scrap rates and faster startup of new production lines by closely monitoring quality.
Why Customizable Imaging Software is Better than a "Jack of All Trades"Olympus IMS
In manufacturing today, many types of image analysis are being performed to meet the different needs of various industries and applications. For this reason, many imaging software and microscope companies have created software that serves as a “jack of all trades,” giving you a variety of tools that seemingly allow you to accomplish just about anything.
The problem with these broad software tools is that there is more than one way to perform many imaging processes, and there can be lots of variability between different operators. Solution-based software, on the other hand, takes a look at very specific customer applications and processes and maps them step-by-step into the software. This creates a much easier to use piece of software with less variation between operators, and allows for more repeatable results in your analysis.
For more information, visit: http://www.olympus-ims.com/en/insight/customizable-imaging-software-better-than-jack-of-all-trades/
The document provides guidance on selecting the best industrial camera for a system. It recommends a 3-step process: 1) Identify key camera parameters and prioritize requirements, 2) Compare specifications of existing cameras and develop a shortlist, 3) Evaluate top cameras by measuring image quality and system performance. The process aims to find the camera best matching needs within budget and supplier considerations.
Metris is a leading provider of metrology solutions, offering both traditional and digital inspection technologies. It has a global presence with offices worldwide and over 500 employees. Metris aims to improve customers' processes through innovative metrology solutions and offers the most complete portfolio of products, including coordinate measuring machines, laser scanning systems, X-ray and CT, and solutions for metrology-assisted production.
The document discusses new metrics for measuring CCTV image quality called pixels per foot (ppf), which accounts for camera resolution, field of view, and distance to the target. It provides guidelines for different levels of image quality based on ppf thresholds and recommends CCTV system designers represent expected ppf lines on drawings to manage stakeholder expectations. Calculators and BIM modeling can help estimate ppf to facilitate CCTV system design.
Computer application for testing (contact and non-contact)Ghassan Alshahiri
This document discusses computer applications in manufacturing measurement systems. It covers topics like contact and non-contact measurement tools, techniques, and considerations when choosing tools. It also discusses how computer systems perform measurements using sensors, analog to digital conversion, and programming. The document compares contact and non-contact methods, describing technologies like CMMs, laser scanners, and structured light scanners. It notes advantages and disadvantages of different methods and considerations for software for inspection.
The document discusses an integrated vision unit (IVU) system that can be integrated into wire electrical discharge machining (EDM) machines. The IVU uses cameras and light sources to locate parts and scan their contours to measure accuracy. It can detect deviations as small as 1 micron and provide feedback to correct the EDM process in real-time. This automated, contactless measurement eliminates using expensive EDM wire for location and improves accuracy, repeatability, and efficiency for machining micro-scale features.
A novel and innovative method for designing of rf mems deviceseSAT Journals
Abstract
The design complexity of the RF MEMS devices is increasing with fast rate, which require more accurate designing and simulation techniques. With upcoming technologies accurate simulation capability is a necessity for designing smaller chips. When devices are designed at nano scale, it presents a number of unique challenges. As the scale of the individual device decreases and the complexity of the physical structure increases, the nature of the device characteristics depart from those obtained from many of the classically held modeling concepts. Furthermore, the difficulty encountered in performing measurements on these devices means we have to put more emphasis on the results obtained from theoretical characteristics. Modeling also allows new device structures to be rigorously investigated prior to fabrication. This paper reports a novel and innovative method of design and simulation of MEMS based inductor by the method of co-simulation.
Keywords: Micro Electro Mechanical System, Radio Frequency, Co-Simulation, COMSOL Multiphysics, SOLIDWORKS, Computer Aided Design, Integrated Circuit
A novel and innovative method for designing of rf mems deviceseSAT Journals
Abstract
The design complexity of the RF MEMS devices is increasing with fast rate, which require more accurate designing and simulation techniques. With upcoming technologies accurate simulation capability is a necessity for designing smaller chips. When devices are designed at nano scale, it presents a number of unique challenges. As the scale of the individual device decreases and the complexity of the physical structure increases, the nature of the device characteristics depart from those obtained from many of the classically held modeling concepts. Furthermore, the difficulty encountered in performing measurements on these devices means we have to put more emphasis on the results obtained from theoretical characteristics. Modeling also allows new device structures to be rigorously investigated prior to fabrication. This paper reports a novel and innovative method of design and simulation of MEMS based inductor by the method of co-simulation.
Keywords: Micro Electro Mechanical System, Radio Frequency, Co-Simulation, COMSOL Multiphysics, SOLIDWORKS, Computer Aided Design, Integrated Circuit
The document discusses different types of probing systems used on coordinate measuring machines (CMMs). It describes various probes, including tactile and non-contact probes, and their applications. Common probes include touch-trigger, scanning, and continuous probes. Factors like part geometry, required measurements, accuracy, and throughput influence the selection of probing systems. CMMs provide advantages over manual inspection like reduced inspection time, flexibility, and precision.
Similar to Quality Magazine Feature Article May 2003 (20)
1. Are Three Sensors Better Than One?
J. Orlando Vera
Posted: May 5, 2003
In the past decade, manufacturers improved how products are
designed, manufactured, tested and certified. One of the most significant developments
has been the emergence of the flexible manufacturing cell as a preferred manufacturing
technique for improving the quality and reducing the cost of critical parts.
The manufacturing cell is a cluster of equipment that is ideally suited to manufacturing
similar parts and part families. Because the cell is readily adaptable to different part
types and can generally be managed by one or two operators, it is not dependent on
high volume runs for its economic justification. Whether the cell is making thousands of
one part type, or just a few, the number of parts in each run is of little consequence, as
long as the cell is always making something, and doing it to within tolerance.
Flexible manufacturing equipment in a cell requires flexible, cell-capable measurement
systems that can be used to adjust and verify setup, monitor relatively short-lived
manufacturing processes and get the most out of increasingly tight part tolerance
budgets. Perhaps the most flexible of all high-end measurement approaches is the use
of multisensor coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) that incorporate touch trigger
probes, vision metrology systems (VMS) and laser technology.
Most people in manufacturing have an intuitive sense that three sensors are better than
one. They also have understandable trepidations about how well multisensors can be
integrated into a single precision measurement system, how well operators will
assimilate knowledge required to operate different types of probes, and how much more
this technology might cost.
Probing the technologies
Although the multisensor measuring systems of the 21st century have their roots in
other CMM and VMS technologies, their designers are ultimately judged by how well
they combine and balance these technologies to create a machine with significantly
greater capability than any of the parts. The technologies include CMM touch probes,
VMS camera optics and captured picture conversion, laser-measuring devices, and
software and machine design.
The touch probe is by far the most researched technology within the metrology
community and provides enhanced capabilities within the context of multisensor
systems. Touch probes run the gamut in terms of sizes and applications. For example,
a spherical ruby type probe can range from 0.3 millimeter up to around 10 millimeters in
diameter, as well as cylindrical and conical probes.
Touch probes are best used for measuring 3-D geometrical features that require a
surface model calculation for fit, size and location. Although touch probe technology is
still advancing, its general use requirements are the most widely understood. Critical
issues for touch probes are how much staging the parts require and, for deep bore
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2. measurements, the reach of the probe stylus.
In contrast to touch probes, which must move in space and time from point to point
along the part's surface, the cameras used on vision metrology systems require no
surface contact and can capture thousands of data points almost instantaneously. They
can reach down in areas or constructions where conventional probes do not fit such as
small angles and small radii.
End users also have choices when it comes to cameras, and each of these camera types
have its own set of advantages and disadvantages. For example, zoom cell cameras
generally provide greater magnification ranges, but in doing so, tend to sacrifice
accurate repositioning. This problem is the result of two types of errors inherent to all
mechanical zoom optics, "par centricity" and "parfocality." Par centricity deals with how
well an image maintains its position in the field of view, and parfocality deals with how
well the zoom lens maintains acuity of focus -- particularly on the edges -- as the zoom
cell moves to various positions from 0% to 100% magnification.
Because the amount of error in effect at any given position is not proportional to the
percentage of magnification, calibration of the zoom cell is necessary to ensure 3-D
accuracy. The industry is currently working on a set of standards that manufacturers
must follow when calibrating their zoom cells. When these standards become widely
used, there will be a closer correlation of data produced by VMS models employing
zoom cells. Currently, a standards committee is actively working to define the
standards.
Choices
Other vision metrology systems have fixed optics systems like those used in
microscopes. These have significantly greater repositioning accuracy to limit par
centricity and parfocality errors. The challenge in these systems may be in a lack of
field-of-view or depth-of-view measurements. Some recent camera designs implement
both fixed optics and zoom capabilities to achieve a greater magnification range without
sacrificing positioning accuracy. The cameras can alternate between measuring small
features that fit within a field of view, or about 1 mm2, to large features of about 8 mm2
to 1,000 mm2 within a field of view in a matter of seconds.
Captured picture conversion is another consideration. An image is captured in the
camera when the lens assembly directs it onto the pixel receptors of a charge-coupled
device (CCD). The analog signal is then converted in the camera to a digital signal that
is sent to a video board for analysis. The camera is the part of the vision system that
converts the image.
There are three types of cameras that may be employed by multisensor systems:
Black and White. Relatively inexpensive black and white cameras provide the least
contrast change and, therefore, deliver results that are generally less accurate and
repeatable than other types of cameras, barring any specialized customization
such as cameras that are used in in-line character recognition systems. Black and
white cameras can be cost-effective for 2-D parts with sharp edge contrast and
low accuracy requirements.
Color. Of course, if colors need to be differentiated to capture a viable image for
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3. analysis, a black and white camera will not do the job. Color cameras are the most
expensive choice, and are also limited because the requisite filtering prior to the
analog signal capture can block up to 50% of the light transmitted through a lens
assembly. Another problem with the color camera is its sensitivity to certain light
spectra. For example, excessive red can bloom, which means that the red can
overflow into adjacent CCD array cells to overpower the other color spectra,
causing a blurry or ghostly image. For this reason, color cameras are generally
considered the least useful for vision and metrology.
Along with the black and white camera, the color camera is generally used in
Object Character Recognition (OCR) and Object Character Verification (OCV)
applications. These provide visual confirmation that the components are in the
correct position.
Gray Scale. Most vision and multisensor systems rely primarily on gray-scale
camera designs. These allow for the analysis of 256 shades of gray for the
accurate and repeatable determination of edge and surface variations for many
types of parts and materials. If some degree of color recognition is needed, all is
not lost. Camera technologies are under development that would be better capable
of colorizing gray-scale images and these should be available within the next five
years.
Laser options
Multisensor systems frequently employ lasers to supplement video technology for
extremely accurate and rapid capture of noncontact measurement data. Lasers have
been used since the early 1980s for such purposes as collecting reverse engineering
data from models. Unfortunately, the common use of triangulation, which is the
bouncing of the laser signal at an angle of incidence of approximately 45 degrees, has
limited the usefulness in capturing data from complex parts with deep features. This
problem was attenuated by the introduction of a technology that permits low incidence
angle lasers that can work with angles that are less than 30 degrees.
Even more promising are the on-axis through the lens (TTL) laser systems that follow
the optical path and require no physical offset values when changing between camera
and laser measurement. On-axis TTL laser systems have proved to be more flexible and
repeatable than triangulation laser probes and the system shortens the time required to
switch between video and laser measurement because of the close correlation between
laser and vision system alignment.
Machine design
Many original metrology equipment manufacturers have recognized the need for
multisensor capabilities and some have answered that need by adapting existing single
sensor machines to accept additional sensors. Users who have purchased this type of
system have frequently been disappointed with the performance of the added sensors.
This is not surprising. All of the considerations that make for a sound CMM design must
be incorporated into a multisensor system and more. For example, a robust machine
with temperature stable materials is a good starting point. Good vibration damping is
also an extremely important feature for capturing measurement data with a camera.
Perhaps the most important machine design requirement is the grouping of sensors.
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4. They should be grouped as closely as possible so that minimal physical adjustment and
compensation are required when changing from one sensor to the next. This
consideration has a profound impact on the precision, throughput and flexibility
attainable with the multisensor system.
In addition to integrating three types of sensors into a single automated measurement
system, good multisensor design must also encompass software integration so that the
user can readily create programs that flow effortlessly from one sensing technique to
another. This is facilitated by the use of powerful, intuitive, CAD-based, off-line
programming capabilities.
All manufacturers say their software is user-friendly, but ultimately the user must be the
judge. Meeting part programming requirements for the average part may be good
enough for a single sensor system. But it is not good enough for taking full advantage
of multisensor measurement capabilities to meet monitoring and control requirements
for flexible manufacturing cells.
Could it be?
A single flexible tool that can be used in a manufacturing cell to measure all the critical
features in an entire family of parts with one setup per part almost sounds too good to
be true. Before acquiring a multisensor system, prospective users have to ask
themselves, "Is this really a viable technology for my manufacturing cell application, or
is it just an expensive Swiss Army Knife that does a little bit of everything, but nothing
all that well?" The answer to that question breaks down to just a handful of issues:
Precision. There will almost always be times when critical dimensions must be
measured with extreme precision. The weakest link in the multisensor system's
precision measurement chain has been optics. Today's two-stage fixed and zoom
optics can provide submicron resolution over a wide field of vision. Even higher
precision optical solutions will arrive within the next three to five years.
Integration. High-level integration of a good multisensor system means that
programming the system to change from one sensor to another is no more difficult
-- perhaps even less difficult -- than changing probes with a direct computer
controlled (DCC) or computer numeric controlled (CNC) CMM. A good multisensor
system will provide seamless measurement results with no significant loss in the
error budget from positioning when changing from one sensor to another. In fact,
with a correctly configured multisensor machine, overall accuracy can be
significantly better than that achieved when setting up the same part on multiple
measurement systems.
Significant time savings can also be achieved. For example, in one application
involving measurements of multiple features on a medical part, the use of a
multisensor system reduced part handling, setup and inspection time dramatically
as compared to using multiple systems to do the task. In comparison tests using a
multisensor machine, it took three minutes to set up the medical part for touch
probe and laser measurement, and then 12 seconds to run the measurement
program and transmit the data to an offsite location. On a more conventional
machine, setup for touch sensors alone took between five and eight minutes.
Relocation and setup on a vision system took about the same amount of time, plus
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5. an additional three to five minutes to verify that the datum setup correlated with
the CMM.
In these tests, the multisensor CMM measured all of the features in less time than
it took to do one function with multiple machines. One reason it can do this is the
synergy that multisensor machines can offer. For example, the definition of a plane
with the laser focus points provides rapid response within milliseconds, whereas a
touch program will require a couple of seconds, if not a full minute, for positioning.
Ease of Use. There is no question that users who are versed in only one
measurement technology such as conventional CMMs will have to learn new skills.
One of the biggest areas for most will be learning how to illuminate parts
effectively to optimize data capture by video technology. The good news is that the
basic multisensor operation can still be taught in a standard, relatively short,
training course. During the learning stages, sensor wizards in the software can
help users get past their initial unfamiliarity with different technologies.
State of Development. A major benefit of having multisensor technology in a cell is
being able to meet future measurement needs. It's a "center court" technology,
which means that it matches well with the inherent flexibility of the
manufacturing-cell environment. However, potential users are concerned that new
developments, particularly new sensor technology, could rapidly outdate today's
multisensor systems. It is true that some interesting developments, such as
ultra-high optics, are on the horizon. However, if the user invests in a true
multisensor system, as opposed to one in which additional sensor capabilities are
added as an afterthought, he or she need not fear that the system will become
outdated. Well-designed equipment and software will serve as a stable platform to
accommodate new sensor technologies as they are developed.
Relative Cost. Multisensor measurement systems cost somewhat more than single
sensor equipment, but they also do a lot more. The contribution they make to
improve quality and throughput in a manufacturing cell should more than offset the
additional cost increment.
While the market for multisensor systems is still in the early development stages, many
different systems and sizes are already available. They range in cost from about
$70,000 to about $500,000. Being able to choose the right-sized system for the
application reduces cost impact. It is also possible to buy the basic system with only
one or two sensors and add others as they are needed.
After addressing these cost concerns, the bottom line is simple: Multisensor
measurement is a promising technology with a bright future. If you are developing a
manufacturing cell that would benefit from this style of measurement, the technology is
far enough along that there is no reason why you should not begin investigating it
today.
TECH TIPS
Multisensor measuring equipment is flexible enough to be used in a manufacturing
work cell. Multisensor equipment includes touch probe, vision metrology systems
and laser systems.
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6. Software must allow users to readily create programs that flow effortlessly from
one sensing technique to another.
Sensors should be grouped as closely as possible so that minimal physical
adjustment and compensation are required when changing from one sensor to the
next. There should be no significant error budget loss from positioning when
changing from one sensor to another.
Fixed and zoom optics can provide submicron resolution over a wide field of vision.
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