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Ethnography
BRITNEY GANDHI, NORTHWEST NAZARENE UNIVERSITY
SEPTEMBER 2, 2017
Ethnography Description
 Qualitative study
 Study of people and cultures within their customs and
habits (Oxford, 2017)
 Grounded in belief that society is structured by class,
status, ethnicity, gender and sexual orientation (Marshall
& Rossman, 2016)
 Ethical responsibility to address unfairness or injustices
(Madison, 2005).
Ethnography Description
 Intent is to provide a detailed, in-depth description of everyday life
and practices.
 Aim is cultural interpretation.
 Researchers use an emic perspective
 Considered emergent research because the purpose can emerge
during the months of research.
(Hoey, 2008)
Data Collection Overview
 Participant observation
 Interviews
 Open-ended but specific questions
 Field notes
 Collect cultural artifacts
(Hoey, 2008)
 Texts (Rudrum, 2016)
Analysis Overview
 Multiple pieces of data as foundation
 Study data (including field notes and
observation transcripts)
 Patterns emerge
 Researchers utilize cultural frame of reference
Ethnography Examples
 City of Strangers: Gulf Migration and the
Indian Community in Bahrain
 Do Muslim Women Need Saving?
 White Bound: Nationalists, Antiracists,
and the Shared Meanings of Race by
Benefits and Challenges
 Benefits
 Adds to our knowledge of cultures
 Increases our understanding
 Challenges
 Out of country (not enough US ethnography)
 Participant observer role can be challenging
Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles
 Helen Woodley (Annual Review of Education, Communication & Language
Sciences)
 Jennifer Hoolachan (International Journal of Housing Policy)
 Tamar Katriel (Communication Theory)
 Udi Englesman, Mike Rowe and Alan Southern (Community Development)
 Guilia Cappellaro (International Public Management Journal)
 Zoi Kalou and Eugene Sadler-Smith (Organizational Research Methods)
 Sarah Rudrum (International Journal of Qualitative Methods)
References
Cappellaro, G. (2017). Ethnography in Public Management Research: A Systematic Review and Future Directions. International Public Management
Journal, 20(1), 14-48.
Engelsman, U., Rowe, M., & Southern, A. (2017). The tyranny of research? Urban regeneration, ethnography, and the problem of unintended consequences.
Community Development, 48(4), 582-596.
Hoey, B. A. (2014). A simple introduction to the practice of ethnography and guide to ethnographic fieldnotes. Marshall University Digital Scholar, 2014, 1-
10.
Hoolachan, J. E. (2016). Ethnography and homelessness research. International Journal of Housing Policy, 16(1), 31-49.
Kalou, Z., & Sadler-Smith, E. (2015). Using Ethnography of Communication in Organizational Research. Organizational Research Methods, 18(4), 629-655.
Katriel, T. (2015). Expanding Ethnography of Communication Research: Toward Ethnographies of Encoding. Communication Theory, 25(4), 454-459.
Madison, D.S. (2005). Critical ethnography: Method, ethics, and performance. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Marshall, C., & Rossman, G. B. (2014). Designing qualitative research: sixth edition. Sage publications.
Rudrum, S. (2016). Institutional Ethnography Research in Global South Settings: The Role of Texts. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 15(1), 1-8.
Woodley, H. (2016). The use of auto-ethnography in classroom based practitioner research. Annual Review of Education, Communication & Language
Sciences, 1344-56.

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Qualitative Genre: Ethnography (B. Gandhi)

  • 1. Ethnography BRITNEY GANDHI, NORTHWEST NAZARENE UNIVERSITY SEPTEMBER 2, 2017
  • 2. Ethnography Description  Qualitative study  Study of people and cultures within their customs and habits (Oxford, 2017)  Grounded in belief that society is structured by class, status, ethnicity, gender and sexual orientation (Marshall & Rossman, 2016)  Ethical responsibility to address unfairness or injustices (Madison, 2005).
  • 3. Ethnography Description  Intent is to provide a detailed, in-depth description of everyday life and practices.  Aim is cultural interpretation.  Researchers use an emic perspective  Considered emergent research because the purpose can emerge during the months of research. (Hoey, 2008)
  • 4. Data Collection Overview  Participant observation  Interviews  Open-ended but specific questions  Field notes  Collect cultural artifacts (Hoey, 2008)  Texts (Rudrum, 2016)
  • 5. Analysis Overview  Multiple pieces of data as foundation  Study data (including field notes and observation transcripts)  Patterns emerge  Researchers utilize cultural frame of reference
  • 6. Ethnography Examples  City of Strangers: Gulf Migration and the Indian Community in Bahrain  Do Muslim Women Need Saving?  White Bound: Nationalists, Antiracists, and the Shared Meanings of Race by
  • 7. Benefits and Challenges  Benefits  Adds to our knowledge of cultures  Increases our understanding  Challenges  Out of country (not enough US ethnography)  Participant observer role can be challenging
  • 8. Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles  Helen Woodley (Annual Review of Education, Communication & Language Sciences)  Jennifer Hoolachan (International Journal of Housing Policy)  Tamar Katriel (Communication Theory)  Udi Englesman, Mike Rowe and Alan Southern (Community Development)  Guilia Cappellaro (International Public Management Journal)  Zoi Kalou and Eugene Sadler-Smith (Organizational Research Methods)  Sarah Rudrum (International Journal of Qualitative Methods)
  • 9. References Cappellaro, G. (2017). Ethnography in Public Management Research: A Systematic Review and Future Directions. International Public Management Journal, 20(1), 14-48. Engelsman, U., Rowe, M., & Southern, A. (2017). The tyranny of research? Urban regeneration, ethnography, and the problem of unintended consequences. Community Development, 48(4), 582-596. Hoey, B. A. (2014). A simple introduction to the practice of ethnography and guide to ethnographic fieldnotes. Marshall University Digital Scholar, 2014, 1- 10. Hoolachan, J. E. (2016). Ethnography and homelessness research. International Journal of Housing Policy, 16(1), 31-49. Kalou, Z., & Sadler-Smith, E. (2015). Using Ethnography of Communication in Organizational Research. Organizational Research Methods, 18(4), 629-655. Katriel, T. (2015). Expanding Ethnography of Communication Research: Toward Ethnographies of Encoding. Communication Theory, 25(4), 454-459. Madison, D.S. (2005). Critical ethnography: Method, ethics, and performance. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Marshall, C., & Rossman, G. B. (2014). Designing qualitative research: sixth edition. Sage publications. Rudrum, S. (2016). Institutional Ethnography Research in Global South Settings: The Role of Texts. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 15(1), 1-8. Woodley, H. (2016). The use of auto-ethnography in classroom based practitioner research. Annual Review of Education, Communication & Language Sciences, 1344-56.