QR codes are matrix barcodes that can be read by smartphone cameras and contain information like text, URLs, or other data. Users scan the code with their phone which then directs them to the encoded information. QR codes are categorized based on whether they use open standards like QR codes that anyone can use, proprietary codes only readable by certain apps, readers that allow phones to scan codes, or companies that create real-world solutions using barcodes. QR codes have various uses like providing additional information in magazines, linking to movie trailers, digital contact cards, and more. They can be created using free online generators or apps to encode a URL or information for others to access.