The document discusses the origins, evolution, and applications of Quick Response (QR) codes, first created by Denso-Wave in 1994. It emphasizes the codes' role in enhancing user experience and marketing strategies, while also addressing the challenges and limitations associated with proprietary codes. The document concludes with recommendations for effective use of QR codes and potential future developments in related technologies.

1. Cracking The Code: How To Think About QR26 October 2010

2. What we’ll cover:Origins & Early AdoptionEvolution of Proprietary CodesConsiderations & RecommendationsWhat’s Next?

4. Origins & Early Adoption

5. What are Quick Response Codes?A QR Code is a two-dimensional barcode, readable by QR scanners or QR scanning apps available on Smartphones. The information encoded can be text, a URL or other data. QR Codes are one of the most popular types of two-dimensional barcodes.Sources: Wikipedia, Denso-Wave Corporation

6. Origins of QR CodesCreated by Japanese corporation Denso-Wave in 1994, the QR codes were first implemented as an order/product scanning system for automotive parts.Benefits:Gather large volumes of shipping data by one-touch operation.

7. Significantly reduce the cost of forms compared with conventional slips.Source: Denso-Wave Corporation

8. How do they work?QR CodeBar CodeContains dataContains no dataContains dataContains dataSource: Denso-Wave Corporation

9. How do they work?Application* decodes dataData instructs device to perform a taskScans (takes pic) of code on mobile deviceUser encounters QR CodeSource: Graphic adapted from a Retina Funk blog post

10. What exactly is encoded?Source: “QR Codes Explained”, QRme.co.uk

11. Early Adoption of QR Codes(Insert “bowl of cherries” joke here.)10

12. Adoption of QR Codes grew first in Asia, then Europe, driven by quick-response programs created for consumer mobile devices without the benefit of a full QWERTY keypad.11

13. The QR code serves as a shortcut to typing a full URL or phone number. In this example, the code delivered a movie trailer and local show times to London commuters waiting for tube trains.12

14. It’s common for QR Codes to deliver richer marketing or product information, but some instead encode customer information. For example, Continental (pictured) and other airlines continue to experiment with QR Codes to expedite the on-boarding process.

15. Calvin Klein recently tested QR Codes when the company replaced several “racy” outdoor ads with this giant code – to help distribute an uncensored version of the advertising.14

16. Adoption of QR CodesTo celebrate Internet Week 2010, the City of New York outfitted Times Square with a rotation of several large ads featuring QR Codes.Inclusion of the codes catered to both the tech-savvy crowd visiting for Internet Week and the press who had more reason to talk about these ads because of the QR.15

17. QR Codes work best as one component of a larger program.Nike’s True City program uses QR in conjunction with a mobile app, print, outdoor, and an evolving network of content curators to help fans learn more about select European cities, their culture, and, of course, where you can buy a new pair of Nikes.16

18. Google uses QR Codes to bridge online and offline worlds.The Favorite Place program helps businesses leverage the extended Google universe (Maps, Ratings, etc), but also many Android devices that can now read QR without any additional apps.

19. Others strive to connect this life with the next…In Japan, “machine-readable tombstones” use QR to let visitors view images of the deceased, browse the guestbook, even make an entry using a cell phone.

20. Best Buyconnects shoppers with relevant information to inform their purchase decision. In stores, QR codes link to product reviews, images and other information from the Best Buy mobile site. On circulars, QR codes link shoppers to full product inventory and related product accessories.

21. Evolution of Proprietary Codes

22. What are Proprietary Codes?A Proprietary Code is another type of two-dimensional barcode. They are experiencing strong growth in the US but do not have the global reach of non-proprietary two-dimensional codes (e.g. QR codes).They can reveal text, a URL or other data, though a Proprietary Code’s data is stored on a cloud-based server, not within the code.Another distinction is that these codes are not scannable by a universal two-dimensional barcode reader. They either require their own proprietary reader or in some cases, can only be encoded via MMS or email.

23. Why are brands adopting them in the US?Some proprietary codes can extend reach to feature phones

24. Branding ability

25. Free or low cost to experiment

26. Follow-the-leaderChallenges with Proprietary CodesCommunicating how to access contentSelecting the correct scanning app

27. E-Mail

28. MMS (for certain carriers)

29. Ongoing alerts come from a long codeFeature phones – are they worth it?Feature phone users are not acclimated to using mobile content

30. Cannot access data, so can really only engage via SMSNon-ProprietaryQR codeEZ codeEasier to UseMore Difficult to UseMicrosoft TagJag TagSnap TagProprietary

31. Non-ProprietaryDecodes instantly / Requires InternetQR codeEZ codeEasier to UseMore Difficult to UseDecodes in the cloud / Does not require InternetMicrosoft TagJag TagSnap TagProprietary

32. Considerations & Recommendations

33. We don’t really need QR & 2D codes.

34. They are too often “a solution looking for a problem” 1

35. Only 1% of US mobile phone owners have used a 2D bar code scanner in the past three months2 (Forrester)

36. More of our devices will be equipped to read them without additional software3, yet there is no standard format

37. The expectation that the technology will eventually4 hit mainstream prompts marketers to keep experimenting…Why?Quoted from “mediadude” on Twitter: http://twitter.com/mediadude/status/1059525414Source: “2D Barcodes: Why There’s No Urgency” by Julie A. Ask, Forrester Research, 21 September 2010Many Android devices and some BlackBerry models are able to read QR Codes as a native function (not requiring additional applications) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR_Code#Standalone_ApplicationsNo one is really sure when.

38. Criteria for Determining Use of QR CodesBe honest: are we simplifying or complicating a user experience? If we’re complicating, why?Is the intended audience likely to require education on how to use QR?What is the overall experience? Does QR compete with or compliment another call-to-action?Is the context right? Are the codes in places where they’ll be noticed? Is there adequate cell reception?Is it an integrated part of a larger, coordinated effort – rather than an add-on?Is the encoded content compelling, worth the effort of retrieving it?If the intention is solely to gain “cool points”, why? Are everyone’s expectations set accordingly?No crummy commercials.

39. How could marketers use QR?To increase convenience / access for existing and potential customers

40. Create a “shortcut” to deep-linked online content

41. For brand awareness / “cool points”

42. As a lead generation mechanism

43. To deliver “digital souvenirs” / exclusive, compelling branded content

44. To capture valuable feedback, and measure traditional media responsesWhat’s Next?

45. AR + QR + RFID + (XYZ) = Near-Field Communication

46. Electronic ticketing for airlines, events and public transitMobile payments, couponing and m-commerceSmart posters, objects and packagingNFCPrint from your camera by holding it close to the printerSimplified pairing of wireless devicesShare business cards with a touchElectronic keys for cars, hotel rooms, home or officeIdentity documents

47. Thank you.