The document summarizes the challenges in building a railway connecting China's remote Tibet province to the rest of the country. It discusses overcoming formidable mountain barriers, unstable permafrost, and protecting the fragile high-altitude ecosystem. Extensive environmental protection measures were implemented, such as building tunnels, bridges, and passages for wildlife. The 1,956 km railway now connects Tibet's capital Lhasa to other parts of China, boosting the province's economy and development.