The document summarizes the challenges and solutions involved in building a railway connecting Beijing to Lhasa, Tibet across difficult terrain. Formidable obstacles included high mountains, unstable permafrost, and protecting the fragile ecosystem. Engineers overcame permafrost issues through stone embankments, thermosiphons, and the world's longest bridge on permafrost. Over $4 billion was invested in environmental protections like animal passages. The completed Qinghai-Tibet Railway opens up remote Tibet and brings prosperity, with the station resembling an airport terminal.
The document summarizes the challenges and solutions involved in building a railway connecting Beijing to Lhasa, Tibet across difficult terrain. Formidable mountains, unstable permafrost, and a fragile high-altitude ecosystem presented major obstacles. Engineers overcame these through techniques like building stone embankments, thermosiphons to regulate ground temperature, and 25 passageways for wildlife. Over $4 billion was invested in environmental protections like limiting habitat disruption and installing train facilities to prevent pollution. The completed Qinghai-Tibet Railway, including the world's highest rail tunnel, promotes economic development and tourism in remote Tibet while protecting the local environment and culture.
The document summarizes the challenges in building a railway connecting China's remote Tibet Autonomous Region to the rest of the country. It discusses overcoming formidable mountain barriers, unstable permafrost, and protecting the fragile high-altitude ecosystem. Special construction techniques were used, including building stone embankments and installing pipes to regulate ground temperature in permafrost areas. Over $180 million was budgeted for environmental protection, including elevating sections and putting in wildlife crossings. The 1,956 km railway, with the world's highest bridge and tunnel, was completed in 2006 and opened up Tibet's economy.
The document summarizes the challenges in building a railway connecting Beijing to Lhasa in Tibet, highlighting formidable mountain barriers, unstable permafrost, and fragile ecosystems. It describes how engineers overcame these obstacles through solutions like stone embankments, thermosiphons, bridges, tunnels, and environmental protections. The railway opened in 2006, bringing tourism and economic development to remote Tibet but also concerns about its cultural and environmental impacts.
The document summarizes the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway connecting Beijing to Lhasa, Tibet. It faced immense challenges due to the difficult terrain of high altitudes, permafrost, and fragile ecosystem. Engineers overcame obstacles through solutions like stone embankments, thermosiphons, and bridges. Environmental protection including passageways for wildlife was a priority. The railway development supports Tibet's economy and prosperity through infrastructure investment from China's central government.
The document summarizes the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway connecting Beijing to Lhasa, Tibet. It faced immense challenges due to Tibet's high altitude and fragile permafrost environment. Engineers overcame obstacles through innovations like stone embankments, thermosiphons, and the world's highest rail tunnel. The railway development aims to help Tibet's economy while investing heavily in environmental protections like passageways for migrating animals. The document concludes by arguing the railway has brought prosperity to Tibet.
The document summarizes the challenges in building a railway connecting China's remote Tibet province to the rest of the country. It discusses overcoming formidable mountain barriers, unstable permafrost, and protecting the fragile high-altitude ecosystem. Extensive environmental protection measures were implemented, such as building tunnels, bridges, and passages for wildlife. The 1,956 km railway now connects Tibet's capital Lhasa to other parts of China, boosting the province's economy and development.
The document summarizes the challenges in building a railway connecting China's Tibet Autonomous Region to the rest of the country. It discusses overcoming formidable mountain barriers, unstable permafrost, and protecting the fragile high-altitude ecosystem. Over 550km of permafrost had to be addressed through methods like stone embankments, ventilation pipes, and thermosiphons. The 1,956km railway, completed in 2006 for $4.1 billion, passes through the world's highest rail tunnel at 4,905m and highest rail track at 5,072m. Special environmental protections were incorporated, such as passageways for migrating animals.
The document summarizes the challenges in building a railway connecting China's Tibet Autonomous Region to the rest of the country. It discusses overcoming formidable mountain barriers, unstable permafrost, and protecting the fragile high-altitude ecosystem. Over 550km of permafrost had to be addressed through methods like stone embankments, ventilation pipes, and thermosiphons. The 1,956km railway, completed in 2006 for $4.1 billion, passes through the world's highest rail tunnel at 4,905m and highest track at 5,072m. Special environmental protections include limiting habitat disruption, under-track fencing and tunnels, and allocating $180 million or 8% of costs to conservation efforts.
The document summarizes the challenges and solutions involved in building a railway connecting Beijing to Lhasa, Tibet across difficult terrain. Formidable mountains, unstable permafrost, and a fragile high-altitude ecosystem presented major obstacles. Engineers overcame these through techniques like building stone embankments, thermosiphons to regulate ground temperature, and 25 passageways for wildlife. Over $4 billion was invested in environmental protections like limiting habitat disruption and installing train facilities to prevent pollution. The completed Qinghai-Tibet Railway, including the world's highest rail tunnel, promotes economic development and tourism in remote Tibet while protecting the local environment and culture.
The document summarizes the challenges in building a railway connecting China's remote Tibet Autonomous Region to the rest of the country. It discusses overcoming formidable mountain barriers, unstable permafrost, and protecting the fragile high-altitude ecosystem. Special construction techniques were used, including building stone embankments and installing pipes to regulate ground temperature in permafrost areas. Over $180 million was budgeted for environmental protection, including elevating sections and putting in wildlife crossings. The 1,956 km railway, with the world's highest bridge and tunnel, was completed in 2006 and opened up Tibet's economy.
The document summarizes the challenges in building a railway connecting Beijing to Lhasa in Tibet, highlighting formidable mountain barriers, unstable permafrost, and fragile ecosystems. It describes how engineers overcame these obstacles through solutions like stone embankments, thermosiphons, bridges, tunnels, and environmental protections. The railway opened in 2006, bringing tourism and economic development to remote Tibet but also concerns about its cultural and environmental impacts.
The document summarizes the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway connecting Beijing to Lhasa, Tibet. It faced immense challenges due to the difficult terrain of high altitudes, permafrost, and fragile ecosystem. Engineers overcame obstacles through solutions like stone embankments, thermosiphons, and bridges. Environmental protection including passageways for wildlife was a priority. The railway development supports Tibet's economy and prosperity through infrastructure investment from China's central government.
The document summarizes the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway connecting Beijing to Lhasa, Tibet. It faced immense challenges due to Tibet's high altitude and fragile permafrost environment. Engineers overcame obstacles through innovations like stone embankments, thermosiphons, and the world's highest rail tunnel. The railway development aims to help Tibet's economy while investing heavily in environmental protections like passageways for migrating animals. The document concludes by arguing the railway has brought prosperity to Tibet.
The document summarizes the challenges in building a railway connecting China's remote Tibet province to the rest of the country. It discusses overcoming formidable mountain barriers, unstable permafrost, and protecting the fragile high-altitude ecosystem. Extensive environmental protection measures were implemented, such as building tunnels, bridges, and passages for wildlife. The 1,956 km railway now connects Tibet's capital Lhasa to other parts of China, boosting the province's economy and development.
The document summarizes the challenges in building a railway connecting China's Tibet Autonomous Region to the rest of the country. It discusses overcoming formidable mountain barriers, unstable permafrost, and protecting the fragile high-altitude ecosystem. Over 550km of permafrost had to be addressed through methods like stone embankments, ventilation pipes, and thermosiphons. The 1,956km railway, completed in 2006 for $4.1 billion, passes through the world's highest rail tunnel at 4,905m and highest rail track at 5,072m. Special environmental protections were incorporated, such as passageways for migrating animals.
The document summarizes the challenges in building a railway connecting China's Tibet Autonomous Region to the rest of the country. It discusses overcoming formidable mountain barriers, unstable permafrost, and protecting the fragile high-altitude ecosystem. Over 550km of permafrost had to be addressed through methods like stone embankments, ventilation pipes, and thermosiphons. The 1,956km railway, completed in 2006 for $4.1 billion, passes through the world's highest rail tunnel at 4,905m and highest track at 5,072m. Special environmental protections include limiting habitat disruption, under-track fencing and tunnels, and allocating $180 million or 8% of costs to conservation efforts.
The attached power point presentation shows a visual treat of the Chinese effort and final results of laying a railroad connection to Tibet from Beijing.
Tibet - Journey across the roof of the world.......!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! (Courtesy: Eddy Cheong)
The Other Home is committed to this form of Responsible Tourism...
The document summarizes the challenges in building a railway connecting China's remote Tibet Autonomous Region to the rest of the country. It discusses overcoming formidable mountain barriers, unstable permafrost, and protecting the fragile high-altitude ecosystem. Special construction techniques were used, including building stone embankments and installing pipes to regulate ground temperature in permafrost areas. Over $180 million was budgeted for environmental protection, including elevating sections and putting in wildlife crossings. The 1,956 km railway, with the world's highest bridge and tunnel, was completed in 2006 and transformed Tibet's economy.
The document summarizes the challenges in building a railway connecting China's Tibet Autonomous Region to the rest of the country. It discusses overcoming formidable mountain barriers, unstable permafrost, and protecting the fragile high-altitude ecosystem. Over 550km of permafrost had to be addressed through methods like stone embankments, ventilation pipes, and thermosiphons. The 1,956km railway, completed in 2006 for $4.1 billion, passes through the world's highest rail tunnel at 4,905m and highest rail track at 5,072m. Special environmental protections were incorporated, such as passageways for migrating animals.
The document summarizes the challenges in building a railway connecting China's remote Tibet Autonomous Region to the rest of the country. It discusses overcoming formidable mountain barriers, unstable permafrost, and protecting the fragile high-altitude ecosystem. Over 17,000 construction workers helped build over 1,956 km of track, tunnels, bridges and stations across the "Roof of the World" over difficult terrain over 4,500 meters above sea level, with temperatures as low as -45°C. Special measures were taken to minimize environmental impact, including elevating sections, tunnels, and fencing to allow wildlife passage.
The document summarizes the challenges in building a railway connecting China's remote Tibet Autonomous Region to the rest of the country. It discusses overcoming formidable mountain barriers, unstable permafrost, and protecting the fragile high-altitude ecosystem. Special construction techniques were used, including building stone embankments and installing pipes to regulate ground temperature in permafrost areas. Over $180 million was budgeted for environmental protection, including elevating sections and putting in wildlife crossings. The 1,956 km railway, with the world's highest bridge and tunnel, was completed in 2006 and opened up Tibet's economy.
The document summarizes the challenges in building a railway connecting China's remote Tibet Autonomous Region to the rest of the country. It discusses overcoming formidable mountain barriers, unstable permafrost, and protecting the fragile high-altitude ecosystem. Special construction techniques were used, including building stone embankments and installing pipes to regulate ground temperature in permafrost areas. Over $180 million was budgeted for environmental protection, including elevating sections and putting in wildlife crossings. The 1,956 km railway, with the world's highest bridge and tunnel, was completed in 2006 and opened up Tibet's economy.
The document summarizes the challenges in building a railway connecting China's Tibet Autonomous Region to the rest of the country. It discusses overcoming formidable mountain barriers, unstable permafrost, and protecting the fragile high-altitude ecosystem. Over 550km of permafrost had to be addressed through methods like stone embankments, ventilation pipes, and thermosiphons. The 1,956km railway, completed in 2006 for $4.1 billion, passes through the world's highest rail tunnel at 4,905m and highest rail track at 5,072m. Special environmental protections were incorporated, such as passageways for migrating animals.
The document summarizes the challenges in building a railway connecting China's Tibet Autonomous Region to the rest of the country. It discusses overcoming formidable mountain barriers, unstable permafrost, and protecting the fragile high-altitude ecosystem. Over 550km of permafrost had to be addressed through methods like stone embankments, ventilation pipes, and thermosiphons. The 1,956km railway, completed in 2006 for $4.1 billion, passes through the world's highest rail tunnel at 4,905m and highest rail track at 5,072m. Special environmental protections were incorporated, such as passageways for migrating animals.
The document summarizes the challenges in building a railway connecting China's remote Tibet Autonomous Region to the national railway network. Some key obstacles included traversing formidable mountain barriers, unstable permafrost, and protecting the fragile high-altitude ecosystem. Engineers had to develop innovative solutions to tunnel through rock and lay tracks at high altitudes with low oxygen. Over $4 billion was invested to minimize environmental impacts through measures like bridges, tunnels, and passages for migrating wildlife. The 1,956 km railway, completed in 2006, passes through the world's highest rail track and tunnel and helps develop Tibet's economy.
The document summarizes the challenges in building a railway connecting China's remote Tibet province to the rest of the country. It discusses overcoming formidable mountain barriers, unstable permafrost, and protecting the fragile high-altitude ecosystem. Extensive engineering solutions such as tunnels, bridges, and environmental protections were required. The railway now connects Beijing to Lhasa, promoting economic development while safeguarding the region's environment and wildlife.
The document summarizes the challenges in building a railway connecting China's remote Tibet Autonomous Region to the national railway network. It discusses overcoming formidable mountain barriers, unstable permafrost, and protecting the fragile high-altitude ecosystem. Specific obstacles included constructing sections over 16,000 feet high and tunnels at oxygen-deficient altitudes. Environmental protections such as bridges over permafrost and passages for migrating animals were implemented. The 1,956 km railway was completed in 2006, bringing economic development while investing in ecological conservation.
The document summarizes the challenges and solutions involved in building a railway connecting China's remote Tibet Autonomous Region to the national railway network. Some key obstacles included traversing formidable mountain barriers, unstable permafrost, and protecting the fragile high-altitude ecosystem. Engineers overcame obstacles by building tunnels, bridges, installing heating systems to prevent freezing, and minimizing environmental impact through careful routing and provisions for wildlife. The 1,956 km Qinghai-Tibet Railway, completed in 2006, connects Tibet to the national network and has contributed significantly to development in the remote region.
The document summarizes the challenges in building a railway connecting China's Tibet Autonomous Region to the rest of the country. It discusses overcoming formidable mountain barriers, unstable permafrost, and protecting the fragile high-altitude ecosystem. Over 550km of permafrost had to be addressed through methods like stone embankments, ventilation pipes, and thermosiphons. The 1,956km railway, completed in 2006 for $4.1 billion, passes through the world's highest rail tunnel at 4,905m and highest rail track at 5,072m. Special environmental protections were incorporated, such as passageways for migrating animals.
The document summarizes the challenges in building a railway connecting China's Tibet Autonomous Region to the rest of the country. It discusses overcoming formidable mountain barriers, unstable permafrost, and protecting the fragile high-altitude ecosystem. Over 550km of permafrost had to be addressed through methods like stone embankments, ventilation pipes, and thermosiphons. The 1,956km railway, completed in 2006 for $4.1 billion, passes through the world's highest rail tunnel at 4,905m and highest rail track at 5,072m. Special environmental protections were incorporated, such as wildlife passageways and elevated tracks.
This document contains 12 short passages about aging and growing old. It discusses how aging can be a fruitful time for some who remain wise and optimistic. It also notes that continuing to be amazed can delay growing old, and that most of one's life is shaped by a few key decisions made in their late teens and early twenties. Finally, it suggests that growing old can teach one to stay young, and that the only time one is too old to learn is if they have always considered themselves that way.
This document contains inspirational sayings and messages about friendship, kindness, and finding happiness even in difficult times. Some key points are that everyone has people they love, a smile can brighten someone's day, good friends are supportive even from a distance like stars in the sky, and taking time to appreciate friends is important for well-being. The overall message encourages sharing friendship and positivity with others.
This document lists and briefly describes various unique geological formations from around the world, including the Wave in Arizona, the Tessellated Pavement in Tasmania, the White Desert in Egypt, the Blood Pond Hot Spring in Japan, the Giant's Causeway in Northern Ireland, Salar de Uyuni in Bolivia, the Stone Forest in China, Blood Falls in Antarctica, Spotted Lake in Canada, the Black Rock Desert in Nevada, Crystal Cave in California, the Bungle Bungles in Western Australia, steam rising from Mount Redoubt in Alaska, underground cities in Cappadocia Turkey, the Boiling Lake in Dominica, the Rio Tinto river in Spain, and Vale de Luna in Brazil
The document traces the history and career of Grace Kelly, from her early acting roles to her engagement and marriage to Prince Rainier III of Monaco in 1956. It discusses their three children together and provides an overview of the Principality of Monaco, including important landmarks like the Grimaldi Palace, Oceanographic Museum, and Monte Carlo Casino.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The attached power point presentation shows a visual treat of the Chinese effort and final results of laying a railroad connection to Tibet from Beijing.
Tibet - Journey across the roof of the world.......!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! (Courtesy: Eddy Cheong)
The Other Home is committed to this form of Responsible Tourism...
The document summarizes the challenges in building a railway connecting China's remote Tibet Autonomous Region to the rest of the country. It discusses overcoming formidable mountain barriers, unstable permafrost, and protecting the fragile high-altitude ecosystem. Special construction techniques were used, including building stone embankments and installing pipes to regulate ground temperature in permafrost areas. Over $180 million was budgeted for environmental protection, including elevating sections and putting in wildlife crossings. The 1,956 km railway, with the world's highest bridge and tunnel, was completed in 2006 and transformed Tibet's economy.
The document summarizes the challenges in building a railway connecting China's Tibet Autonomous Region to the rest of the country. It discusses overcoming formidable mountain barriers, unstable permafrost, and protecting the fragile high-altitude ecosystem. Over 550km of permafrost had to be addressed through methods like stone embankments, ventilation pipes, and thermosiphons. The 1,956km railway, completed in 2006 for $4.1 billion, passes through the world's highest rail tunnel at 4,905m and highest rail track at 5,072m. Special environmental protections were incorporated, such as passageways for migrating animals.
The document summarizes the challenges in building a railway connecting China's remote Tibet Autonomous Region to the rest of the country. It discusses overcoming formidable mountain barriers, unstable permafrost, and protecting the fragile high-altitude ecosystem. Over 17,000 construction workers helped build over 1,956 km of track, tunnels, bridges and stations across the "Roof of the World" over difficult terrain over 4,500 meters above sea level, with temperatures as low as -45°C. Special measures were taken to minimize environmental impact, including elevating sections, tunnels, and fencing to allow wildlife passage.
The document summarizes the challenges in building a railway connecting China's remote Tibet Autonomous Region to the rest of the country. It discusses overcoming formidable mountain barriers, unstable permafrost, and protecting the fragile high-altitude ecosystem. Special construction techniques were used, including building stone embankments and installing pipes to regulate ground temperature in permafrost areas. Over $180 million was budgeted for environmental protection, including elevating sections and putting in wildlife crossings. The 1,956 km railway, with the world's highest bridge and tunnel, was completed in 2006 and opened up Tibet's economy.
The document summarizes the challenges in building a railway connecting China's remote Tibet Autonomous Region to the rest of the country. It discusses overcoming formidable mountain barriers, unstable permafrost, and protecting the fragile high-altitude ecosystem. Special construction techniques were used, including building stone embankments and installing pipes to regulate ground temperature in permafrost areas. Over $180 million was budgeted for environmental protection, including elevating sections and putting in wildlife crossings. The 1,956 km railway, with the world's highest bridge and tunnel, was completed in 2006 and opened up Tibet's economy.
The document summarizes the challenges in building a railway connecting China's Tibet Autonomous Region to the rest of the country. It discusses overcoming formidable mountain barriers, unstable permafrost, and protecting the fragile high-altitude ecosystem. Over 550km of permafrost had to be addressed through methods like stone embankments, ventilation pipes, and thermosiphons. The 1,956km railway, completed in 2006 for $4.1 billion, passes through the world's highest rail tunnel at 4,905m and highest rail track at 5,072m. Special environmental protections were incorporated, such as passageways for migrating animals.
The document summarizes the challenges in building a railway connecting China's Tibet Autonomous Region to the rest of the country. It discusses overcoming formidable mountain barriers, unstable permafrost, and protecting the fragile high-altitude ecosystem. Over 550km of permafrost had to be addressed through methods like stone embankments, ventilation pipes, and thermosiphons. The 1,956km railway, completed in 2006 for $4.1 billion, passes through the world's highest rail tunnel at 4,905m and highest rail track at 5,072m. Special environmental protections were incorporated, such as passageways for migrating animals.
The document summarizes the challenges in building a railway connecting China's remote Tibet Autonomous Region to the national railway network. Some key obstacles included traversing formidable mountain barriers, unstable permafrost, and protecting the fragile high-altitude ecosystem. Engineers had to develop innovative solutions to tunnel through rock and lay tracks at high altitudes with low oxygen. Over $4 billion was invested to minimize environmental impacts through measures like bridges, tunnels, and passages for migrating wildlife. The 1,956 km railway, completed in 2006, passes through the world's highest rail track and tunnel and helps develop Tibet's economy.
The document summarizes the challenges in building a railway connecting China's remote Tibet province to the rest of the country. It discusses overcoming formidable mountain barriers, unstable permafrost, and protecting the fragile high-altitude ecosystem. Extensive engineering solutions such as tunnels, bridges, and environmental protections were required. The railway now connects Beijing to Lhasa, promoting economic development while safeguarding the region's environment and wildlife.
The document summarizes the challenges in building a railway connecting China's remote Tibet Autonomous Region to the national railway network. It discusses overcoming formidable mountain barriers, unstable permafrost, and protecting the fragile high-altitude ecosystem. Specific obstacles included constructing sections over 16,000 feet high and tunnels at oxygen-deficient altitudes. Environmental protections such as bridges over permafrost and passages for migrating animals were implemented. The 1,956 km railway was completed in 2006, bringing economic development while investing in ecological conservation.
The document summarizes the challenges and solutions involved in building a railway connecting China's remote Tibet Autonomous Region to the national railway network. Some key obstacles included traversing formidable mountain barriers, unstable permafrost, and protecting the fragile high-altitude ecosystem. Engineers overcame obstacles by building tunnels, bridges, installing heating systems to prevent freezing, and minimizing environmental impact through careful routing and provisions for wildlife. The 1,956 km Qinghai-Tibet Railway, completed in 2006, connects Tibet to the national network and has contributed significantly to development in the remote region.
The document summarizes the challenges in building a railway connecting China's Tibet Autonomous Region to the rest of the country. It discusses overcoming formidable mountain barriers, unstable permafrost, and protecting the fragile high-altitude ecosystem. Over 550km of permafrost had to be addressed through methods like stone embankments, ventilation pipes, and thermosiphons. The 1,956km railway, completed in 2006 for $4.1 billion, passes through the world's highest rail tunnel at 4,905m and highest rail track at 5,072m. Special environmental protections were incorporated, such as passageways for migrating animals.
The document summarizes the challenges in building a railway connecting China's Tibet Autonomous Region to the rest of the country. It discusses overcoming formidable mountain barriers, unstable permafrost, and protecting the fragile high-altitude ecosystem. Over 550km of permafrost had to be addressed through methods like stone embankments, ventilation pipes, and thermosiphons. The 1,956km railway, completed in 2006 for $4.1 billion, passes through the world's highest rail tunnel at 4,905m and highest rail track at 5,072m. Special environmental protections were incorporated, such as wildlife passageways and elevated tracks.
This document contains 12 short passages about aging and growing old. It discusses how aging can be a fruitful time for some who remain wise and optimistic. It also notes that continuing to be amazed can delay growing old, and that most of one's life is shaped by a few key decisions made in their late teens and early twenties. Finally, it suggests that growing old can teach one to stay young, and that the only time one is too old to learn is if they have always considered themselves that way.
This document contains inspirational sayings and messages about friendship, kindness, and finding happiness even in difficult times. Some key points are that everyone has people they love, a smile can brighten someone's day, good friends are supportive even from a distance like stars in the sky, and taking time to appreciate friends is important for well-being. The overall message encourages sharing friendship and positivity with others.
This document lists and briefly describes various unique geological formations from around the world, including the Wave in Arizona, the Tessellated Pavement in Tasmania, the White Desert in Egypt, the Blood Pond Hot Spring in Japan, the Giant's Causeway in Northern Ireland, Salar de Uyuni in Bolivia, the Stone Forest in China, Blood Falls in Antarctica, Spotted Lake in Canada, the Black Rock Desert in Nevada, Crystal Cave in California, the Bungle Bungles in Western Australia, steam rising from Mount Redoubt in Alaska, underground cities in Cappadocia Turkey, the Boiling Lake in Dominica, the Rio Tinto river in Spain, and Vale de Luna in Brazil
The document traces the history and career of Grace Kelly, from her early acting roles to her engagement and marriage to Prince Rainier III of Monaco in 1956. It discusses their three children together and provides an overview of the Principality of Monaco, including important landmarks like the Grimaldi Palace, Oceanographic Museum, and Monte Carlo Casino.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
An American Airlines Boeing 767 experienced a high power engine failure during testing at LAX airport. The high pressure turbine disk in the #1 engine ruptured, puncturing the left wing and fuel tank. It then sliced through the belly of the aircraft and damaged the #2 engine. The wing puncture caused a major fire that engulfed the wing and rear fuselage before being put out. The extensive damage means the aircraft will likely be declared a total loss. General Electric is investigating the cause of the uncontained engine failure.
The document summarizes the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway connecting Beijing to Lhasa, Tibet. It faced immense challenges due to the difficult terrain of high altitudes, permafrost, and fragile ecosystem. Engineers overcame obstacles through solutions like stone embankments, thermosiphons, and bridges. Environmental protection including passageways for wildlife was a priority. The railway development supports Tibet's economy and prosperity through infrastructure investment from China's central government.
The document summarizes the challenges and solutions involved in building the Qinghai-Tibet Railway connecting Beijing to Lhasa across the high-altitude Tibetan Plateau. Formidable obstacles included mountains over 17,000 feet high, permafrost, and fragile ecosystems. Engineers overcame these challenges through techniques like building stone embankments, thermosiphons, and bridges to stabilize permafrost. The railway also included measures to minimize environmental impacts like selecting routes away from animal habitats and installing passages for wildlife. Completing the railway in 2006 was an important achievement that connected remote Tibet and has supported its economic development.
The document summarizes the challenges in building a railway connecting China's Tibet Autonomous Region to the rest of the country. It discusses overcoming formidable mountain barriers, unstable permafrost, and protecting the fragile high-altitude ecosystem. Over 550km of permafrost had to be addressed through methods like stone embankments, ventilation pipes, and thermosiphons. The 1,956km railway, completed in 2006 for $4.1 billion, passes through the world's highest rail tunnel at 4,905m and highest rail track at 5,072m. Special environmental protections were incorporated, such as wildlife passageways and elevated tracks.
The document summarizes the challenges in building a railway connecting China's remote Tibet Autonomous Region to the rest of the country. It discusses overcoming formidable mountain barriers, unstable permafrost, and protecting the fragile high-altitude ecosystem. Over 550km of permafrost had to be addressed through methods like stone embankments, ventilation pipes, and thermosiphons. The 1,956km railway, completed in 2006 for $4.1 billion, passes through the world's highest rail tunnel at 4,905m and highest rail track at 5,072m. Special environmental protections include elevated tracks, fencing, tunnels, and passageways to minimize impacts on migrating animals.
The document summarizes the challenges in building a railway connecting China's remote Tibet Autonomous Region to the rest of the country. It discusses overcoming formidable mountain barriers, unstable permafrost, and protecting the fragile high-altitude ecosystem. Special construction techniques were used, including building stone embankments and installing pipes to regulate ground temperature in permafrost areas. Over $180 million was budgeted for environmental protection, including elevating sections and putting in wildlife crossings. The 1,956 km railway, with the world's highest bridge and tunnel, was completed in 2006 and opened up Tibet's economy.
The document summarizes the challenges in building a railway connecting China's remote Tibet Autonomous Region to the rest of the country. It discusses overcoming formidable mountain barriers, unstable permafrost, and protecting the fragile high-altitude ecosystem. Special construction techniques were used, including building stone embankments and installing pipes to regulate ground temperature in permafrost areas. Over $180 million was budgeted for environmental protection, including elevating sections and putting in wildlife crossings. The 1,956 km railway, with the world's highest bridge and tunnel, was completed in 2006 and opened up Tibet's economy.
The document summarizes the challenges in building a railway connecting China's remote Tibet province to the rest of the country. It discusses overcoming formidable mountain barriers, unstable permafrost, and protecting the fragile high-altitude ecosystem. Extensive engineering solutions such as tunnels, bridges, and environmental protections were required. The railway now connects Beijing to Lhasa, promoting economic development while safeguarding the region's environment and wildlife.
The document summarizes the challenges in building a railway connecting China's Tibet Autonomous Region to the rest of the country. It discusses overcoming formidable mountain barriers, unstable permafrost, and protecting the fragile high-altitude ecosystem. Over 550km of permafrost had to be addressed through methods like stone embankments, ventilation pipes, and thermosiphons. The 1,956km railway, completed in 2006 for $4.1 billion, passes through the world's highest rail tunnel at 4,905m and highest rail track at 5,072m. Special environmental protections were incorporated, such as wildlife passageways and elevated tracks.
The document summarizes the challenges in building a railway connecting China's Tibet Autonomous Region to the rest of the country. It discusses overcoming formidable mountain barriers, unstable permafrost, and protecting the fragile high-altitude ecosystem. Over 550km of permafrost had to be addressed through methods like stone embankments, ventilation pipes, and thermosiphons. The 1,956km railway, completed in 2006 for $4.1 billion, passes through the world's highest rail tunnel at 4,905m and highest rail track at 5,072m. Special environmental protections were incorporated, such as passageways for migrating animals.
The document summarizes the challenges in building a railway connecting China's remote Tibet province to the rest of the country. It discusses overcoming formidable mountain barriers, unstable permafrost, and protecting the fragile high-altitude ecosystem. Extensive engineering solutions such as tunnels, bridges, and environmental protections were required. The railway now connects Beijing to Lhasa, promoting economic development while safeguarding the region's environment and wildlife.
The document summarizes the challenges in building a railway connecting China's remote Tibet Autonomous Region to the rest of the country. It discusses overcoming formidable mountain barriers, unstable permafrost, and protecting the fragile high-altitude ecosystem. Special construction techniques were needed like building stone embankments and tunnels at high altitudes. Over $180 million was invested in environmental protection measures, including establishing passages for migrating animals and minimizing disturbance to nature reserves. The 1,956 km railway, with the highest point at over 16,000 feet, was completed in 2006 and opened up Tibet's economy.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway connects Xining in Qinghai Province to Lhasa in Tibet, ending Tibet's isolation and setting a new record as the highest railway in the world. Construction faced immense challenges from Tibet's high altitude, fragile ecosystem, lack of oxygen, and permafrost. Engineers overcame these obstacles through solutions like oxygen stations, environmental protections, and stone embankments. Since opening in 2006, the 1,956 km railway has become a vital transportation link and engineering marvel, facilitating economic development on the Tibetan Plateau.
This document discusses how many famous Hollywood actors from the 1940s-1960s served in World War 2, including Clark Gable who flew bombing missions for the Army Air Force and Audie Murphy who received numerous medals for his service as a U.S. soldier. In contrast, it notes that today's celebrities often criticize the U.S. and its leaders. It lists over a dozen classic Hollywood stars who fought in WWII rather than protest the country, and commends them for their patriotism and valor compared to modern celebrities.
The document provides information about the Antonov An-225 Mriya aircraft, including its specifications and dimensions. It is the largest aircraft ever built, with a length of 84 meters and wingspan of 88.4 meters. It has a maximum takeoff weight of 600,000 kg and is powered by 6 turbofan engines, each producing over 50,000 pounds of thrust. The An-225 was designed as a strategic airlift cargo carrier and can carry payloads of up to 250,000 kg.
The document presents a collection of the most beautiful and breathtaking photos taken in 2012. It includes photos of a seahorse inspecting a diver's watch, an illuminated snow tunnel in Russia, street art in Poland, Mount Rainier casting shadows on clouds, meditating monks at a waterfall, the southern lights from space, a pod of sleeping sperm whales, and more stunning natural landscapes and wildlife photos from around the world.
This document contains a collection of historical photographs from various time periods showcasing people and events from around the world, including images of Mary Smith waking workers before clocks, traffic in Berlin after the fall of the wall, and the construction of landmarks like the Christ The Redeemer statue and Eiffel Tower. The photographs provide a glimpse into life, culture, and history over the past few centuries.
The document discusses grilling and cooking with natural gas. It encourages men to start grilling and provides tips on what to do with old computers and BBQs. The main focus is on men enjoying cooking outdoors with gas grills.
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1. From Beijing to Lhasa
China’s Railway Across the Roof of the
World
A tribute to the world’s greatest railroad builders.
Author: Eddy Cheong
2. Challenges
Since the founding of the Republic of China by Dr. Sun Yat-sun in 1911, it has
been China’s dream to have a national railway system connecting all provinces of
the nation.
Tibet became the last province to remain unconnected owing to great and
insurmountable obstacles. Since the 1950s, among the many challenges facing
Chinese railway planners, the following were the most significant:-
Formidable mountain barriers
Unstable permafrost & swampy wetlands
A Fragile Ecosystem
3. Kunlun Mountain Range.
This is the legendary “Mother of Thousands of Mountains.” American writer Paul Theroux once prophesied that this “formidable mountain range that divides
Tibet from the rest of China would guarantee that a train to Lhasa - which China has dreamed of since the 1950s – will never be built.”
About 85 percent of the entire rail track is located in the “Forbidden Zone.“ This is also known as the “Death Zone” because of thin air, harsh and unpredictable
weather, fierce sandstorms and high UV radiation. Annual average temp is minus zero. Temp drops to as low as -45 degree C. Average altitude of rail track
here is 13,500 feet above sea level. The highest point is 16,700 feet making it the world's most elevated track.
When constructing the Fenghuo Mountain Tunnel - 16,000 ft above seal level – workers had to be equipped with oxygen cylinders. An oxygen-producing station
to "feed" the tunnel was built. Seventeen such stations were built along the railway line equipped with high-pressure oxygen cabins for workers to recover.
Question:
How do you build a railway across
these mountains to China’s most remote province,
Tibet?
4. There were 17,000 ft-high mountains to climb, 12 kilometre-wide valleys to bridge,
hundreds of kilometres of perennial ice and slush that could never support tracks and
trains. How could anyone tunnel through rock at -40C, or lay rails when the least exertion
sends you gasping for oxygen in the thin air?
5. Unstable Permafrost
There is a total of 550 km of permafrost along the rail route. Permafrost is soft and wet soil in summer, hard and
expanding in winter - a nightmare for all railroad engineers.
•The most viable solution is the building of stone embankments for the railroad foundation. In some places, engineers
bury ventilation pipes in the ground to allow cold air to circulate underneath the rail-bed.
•In other spots, a pipe called a thermosiphon is sunk 15 feet into the ground and filled at the bottom with ammonia.
The ammonia becomes gas at low temperatures, giving off a vapour that draws heat from the bottom of the tube and
flushes it out the top.
•Building a bridge over the permafrost. This has the least impact on the area, but is also the most expensive. E.g.,
The 11.7km Qingshuihe Bridge is the world-longest bridge built on permafrost.
•A round-the-clock monitoring system has been installed to keep tab on the temperature change along
the 550 km permafrost stretch of the route.
6. Environmental protection of fragile ecosystem:
Some RMB2.54 billion was invested by Chinese authorities in the environmental protection in the project.
•Protection of the ecological environment has been an essential concern in the design. The routes were selected so that they would keep away fro m the major
habitats of wild animals. E.g, the original route was abandoned because it passed through the reserves of black-necked cranes. While in some other places like
the section cutting through the Hohxil, Qumar and Soga nature reserves, the planners minimized disturbance to the nature reserves for endangered Tibetan
antelope and wild ass by building 25 passageways for wild animals based on their migration habit.
•Reducing adverse impact on ecological environment to the minimum during rail construction.
•All the train cars are installed with environment-friendly toilets, wastewater deposit tanks and garbage treatment facilities to protect the environment along the
route.
10. For environmental protection purposes, all trains entering China's Tibet province are equipped with garbage compacters and vacuum toilets.
No garbage are allowed to be left behind after the trains leave. In this photo, you can see workers collecting toilet wastes from a train on the
Qinghai-Tibet Railway utilizing vacuum flush technology at the station in Golmud.
11. The Qinghai-Tibet railway stretches for 1,956 kilometres from Xining, capital of Qinghai Province to Lhasa. It cost the Chinese
Govt approx. USD4.1 billion and was completed in June 2006 – one year ahead of schedule.
12. Protection of the fragile environment is an important priority for China’s rail planners
14. Tibet is China’s most remote province and has been part of China since the time of Emperor Kublai Khan. The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is the home of the chiru
– Tibetan Antelope. Chiru is a highly protected animal in China. Four national protected areas have been set aside specifically to safeguard Tibetan Plateau
wildlife species, including chiru populations and habitat: Chang Tang Nature Reserve, Xianza Nature, Kekexili National Reserve, and Arjin Shan Nature Reserve
Despite legal protection of the highest order, the population of chiru is continually on the decline and today the species is extremely endangered. Poaching is the
main threat. It is being slaughtered illegally for its wool which is known in the international market as "shahtoosh" or "king of wool.” Due to remoteness however,
these nature reserves are incapable of effectively protecting the chiru or its habitat.
Shahtoosh is considered to be one of the finest animal fibres in the world and shahtoosh shawls and scarves have become high fashion status symbols in the
West, selling for as much as $10,000 each. Wool is smuggled from Tibet mainly to Kashmir where it is woven into an extremely fine fabric from which the
shawls and scarves are woven. Although the chiru is protected in China, it is still legal to weave shahtoosh in India..
16. Service on the train is excellent. Friendly staff provides daily refreshments of fruits, snacks and drinks with a
17. Passengers do not suffer high altitude sickness because the carriages are all fully air-conditioned and pressurised like an airplane.
Oxygen masks are also available in your sleeping cabins as well as throughout the train corridors and washrooms if ever required.
19. Targeting environmental issues of the Tibet Plateau high-altitude eco-system, authorities budgeted some 8% of the total construction cost -
at least RMB2.54 billion (US$180 million ) - for ecological conservation, the biggest amount of all China's railway construction projects.
Since most livestock and wild-life are free-grazing, the railroad has been elevated in most places. If not, it utilizes fencing and tunnels cut
under the tracks. to
21. •Building
Building a bridge over the permafrost. This has the least impact on the area, but is also the most expensive. The 11.7km Qingshuihe
Bridge is the world-longest bridge built on permafrost
25. Wherever possible, the rail line is elevated to allow passage to migratory species (e.g.,
wild antelopes) and to minimize any other adverse impact on the natural environment.
28. The train ascends to an altitude above 5,000 meters – more than 16,000 feet.
29. The total length of Qingzang railway is 1956 km. The line includes the Tanggula Pass, at 5,072 m (16,640 feet) above sea level the
world's highest rail track. The 1,338 m Fenghuoshan tunnel is the highest rail tunnel in the world, at 4,905 m above sea level. The
3,345-m Yangbajing tunnel is the longest tunnel on the line.
30. Stopping by to take a photo with a glacier as the backdrop
31. Our train passes glaciers and snow-capped mountains on the way to Lhasa
32.
33. Right from the start, related departments of railway design and construction paid close attention to
environment protection . Measures included setting aside of passage ways for migrating Tibetan antelopes.
34. Other wild life such as bears and wild donkeys have now successfully adapted to the presence of the rail line.
38. Our train passes by Patola Monastery on the way to Lhasa Railway Station
39. With the opening of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and the new Nyingchi airport,
tourists flood into Tibet and the numbers exceeded 4 million last year, an increase of 60 percent.
43. Lhasa Station - looking more like a 1st
-Class airport terminal than a railway station.
According to my local Tibetan Tourist guide when I was in Lhasa, she told me that Tibet’s economy has never been self-sufficient enough to give its people
a meaningful life. Every year, Tibet suffers from a perennial budget shortfall and therefore, relies heavily and wholly on federal funding from the central
Govt. Thanks to Beijing, development and prosperity has finally arrived in this remote Chinese province. I saw miles after miles of impressive roads,
expressways, bridges, railways and other top-notch infrastructure.
The Central Govt poured more than USD$4 billion into the construction of this railway system alone – the most costly in the world.
44. Tibet is China’s most remote province. It has been part of China since the Yuan Dynasty (1279 – 1368 AD). The Nationalist Kuomintang Govt under Chiang Kai-
Shek was too poor to look after itself - let alone a distant mountainous province such as Tibet. Contrary to western propaganda however, Tibet under the Dalai
Lama was a slave society where the privilege lamas owned everything. Tibetans were indoctrinated by Lama Buddhism to accept their lives as servants and
slaves to the powerful and wealthy lamas who lived a life of luxury. Chairman Mao changed all that when he established effective control and administration after
he defeated Chiang and proclaimed the founding of the People’s Republic of China in October, 1949.
With the covert backing of the CIA, the Dalai Lama fled to India in 1950 with a handful of followers. The Dalai Lama has publicly admitted that till today, he is still
under the payroll and patronage of the Americans. The US puppet lives in self-exile in India today where his group of die-hard supporters continue to receive
arms, training and funding from the US Administration.
45. A new bridge across the Tsangpo river to the railway station
47. THE END
Lhasa River Bridge connects downtown Lhasa with the new railway station..
Copyright reserved:
E. Cheong
New Huaren Federation
16 February 2011