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Qcl 14-v3 [pareto diagram of potholes]-[banasthali vidhyapith]_[swati sharma]
- 1. PARETO DIAGRAM OF POTHOLES IN THE CITY TEAM MEMBER 1: SWATI SHARMA (B.TECH 2ND YEAR) TEAM MEMBER 2: MONIKA BISHT (B.TECH 2ND YEAR) TEAM MEMBER 3: BHOOMIKA JALAL (B.TECH 2ND YEAR)
- 2. INTRODUCTION A Pareto chart is a line and bar that display data in hierarchical order identifying where any given problems occurs most frequently . The bars display the number of events per area of interest. The line displays the cumulative % of events ,i.e. the % of each bar added onto the next together .So the bigger numbers will have a greater % impact.
- 3. LAYOUT
- 5. STRATIFICATION OF SYMPTOMS Low tire pressure. Bulges. Dents in the rims. Uneven tire wear. Street bumps. Blisters on the side walls. Loss of control, swaying when making turns, bouncing excessively on rough roads, or bottoming out on city streets, which could indicate problems with the steering or suspension .
- 6. CAUSES Insufficient pavement thickness to support traffic during freeze periods without localised failures. Insufficient drainage. Failure at utility trenches and casting. Miscellaneous pavement defects and cracks left unmaintained and unsealed so as to admit moisture and compromise the structural integrity of the pavements. Snow or rain seeps into cracks in the pavement and into the soil below. Vehicles driving over the race pavement cause the surface to crack and fall into the hollow area below the pavement.
- 7. Traffic loading. Cracking of the asphalt surfacing. Water penetration into the asphalt. Loss of surfacing. Poor adhesion between base and seal. Poor repairs. Failure of existing patches. Reinstated services trenches. With temperature increases, the ground returns to its previous level; however the pavement doesn’t drop, which results in a gap between the road surface and the ground below. Thin bituminous surfacing seal.
- 8. PROBLEM DEFINITION CRACKING OF ASPHALT SURFACING The cracking of asphalt surfacing is typically the result of poor support resulting in fatigue – cracking of the asphalt. In addition, environmental cracking can occur due to ultra violet light from the sun, heat, oxidation of some other cause that has resulted in shrinkage of the asphalt. Furthermore, reflection, cracking due to the shrinkage of the underlying stabilised materials as the cementitious stabilizer hydrates also leads to cracking of roads TRAFFIC LOADING Heavy traffic loading causes excessive road deflections that result in fatigue failures. Repeated high deflections, or even a few passes by overloaded vehicles, cause the road surface to crack ,allowing water to flow through these cracks into underplaying layers which causes loosening of material. Overloading control is thus an essential part of preserving road functionality and reducing general potholes formation.
- 10. LOSS OF SURFACING The localised loss of surfacing, usually leading to relatively small potholes that are not very deep initially, is often caused by mechanical damaged to the surfacing . However, surfacings that contained inpediments such as stone loss, localised week aggregate, aggregate containing sulphides or large stones may develop small potholes at these sites. POOR ADHESION BETWEEN BASE AND SEAL The development of potholes commonly results from a lack of adhesion between thin surfacings and the base course, particulary stabilised ones. The passage of heavy traffic cause lateral movement of the seal extension cracking and the development of potholes. REINSTATED SERVICE TRENCHES Trenches are regularly excavated across many urban and occasionally some rural roads to install or repair various underground services such as electric cables, water reticulation systems, sewage pipes, etc.
- 12. LESSONS PERCEIVED Steer clear: The best course of action is to steer clear of potholes . While driving we should leave enough space between us and the vehicles ahead of us, Pay special attention to potholes filled with water ,which can be especially dangerous, because we don’t know their depth until its too late. While travelling potholes –filled road slow down your vehicles. Don’t slam the brakes. Potholes need to be filled and repair to maintain good riding quality.