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The document defines the CPU performance equation as latency equals instruction count times CPI times cycle time. It then provides an example problem calculating the speedup of a new processor over an old processor. The new processor cuts the CPI for multiplies from 10 to 5 but increases the cycle time by 10%. The speedup is calculated to be 1.41 times faster than the old processor.
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This document discusses optimizing floating point performance on ARM CPUs. It notes that while ARM CPUs do not support floating point math natively, the VFP unit can be used to perform floating point operations. Turning off thumb mode is recommended as it eliminates overhead from switching in and out of thumb mode for floating point instructions. Reading ARM assembly is important for high performance programming to understand how to best utilize the VFP unit. A vfpmath library exists that has already implemented common floating point functions in optimized ARM assembly.
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Here are the steps to translate the MIPS assembly language into machine language:
1. lw $t0,300($t1) # Load A[300] into register $t0
Opcode: 35 (load word)
rs: 13 ($t1)
rt: 8 ($t0)
offset: 300
2. add $t2,$s2,$t0 # Calculate h + A[300] and put in $t2
Opcode: 0 (add)
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This chapter discusses principles of scalable performance for parallel systems. It covers performance measures like speedup factors and parallelism profiles. The key principles discussed include degree of parallelism, average parallelism, asymptotic speedup, efficiency, utilization, and quality of parallelism. Performance models like Amdahl's law and isoefficiency concepts are presented. Standard performance benchmarks and characteristics of parallel applications and algorithms are also summarized.
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The document summarizes the Booth multiplication algorithm, which provides an efficient procedure for multiplying binary integers represented in two's complement form. It illustrates the algorithm through an example of multiplying 2 x -4. The algorithm involves making a Booth table with the multiplier and multiplicand, then examining the bits in each cycle to determine whether to add, subtract, or shift the partial product without modification according to specific rules. After four cycles representing the four bit numbers, the final product is stored in the last rows of the U and V registers.
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1) Amdahl's Law describes the theoretical speedup from parallel processors based on the proportion of a program that can be parallelized (1-B) versus the portion that must run serially (B).
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This slide contain the description about the various technique related to parallel Processing(vector Processing and array processor), Arithmetic pipeline, Instruction Pipeline, SIMD processor, Attached array processor
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A computer network connects multiple computers and devices to allow communication and sharing of resources. There are different types of networks including local area networks (LANs) within a single building, metropolitan area networks (MANs) within a city, and wide area networks (WANs) across large distances like countries. Common network topologies include bus, ring, star, tree and mesh configurations. Computer networks enable file sharing, printer sharing, collaboration, remote access, data protection, and centralized administration.
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2) Early techniques allocated processes to contiguous blocks of memory, but this led to fragmentation issues. Segmentation and paging allow non-contiguous allocation to avoid fragmentation.
3) Segmentation divides a process's memory into variable-sized segments that can be placed anywhere
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Q02 key
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