The document summarizes key concepts in Python programming including decision statements, loops, and functions. It discusses boolean expressions and relational operators used in conditional statements. It also covers different loop constructs like while, for, and nested loops. Finally, it provides examples of defining and using functions, and concepts like local and global scope, default arguments, recursion, and returning values.
The Key Difference between a List and a Tuple. The main difference between lists and a tuples is the fact that lists are mutable whereas tuples are immutable. A mutable data type means that a python object of this type can be modified. Let's create a list and assign it to a variable.
A function is a set of statements that take inputs, do some specific computation and produces output. The idea is to put some commonly or repeatedly done task together and make a function, so that instead of writing the same code again and again for different inputs, we can call the function.
Python provides built-in functions like print(), etc. but we can also create your own functions. These functions are called user-defined functions.
METHODS DESCRIPTION
copy() They copy() method returns a shallow copy of the dictionary.
clear() The clear() method removes all items from the dictionary.
pop() Removes and returns an element from a dictionary having the given key.
popitem() Removes the arbitrary key-value pair from the dictionary and returns it as tuple.
get() It is a conventional method to access a value for a key.
dictionary_name.values() returns a list of all the values available in a given dictionary.
str() Produces a printable string representation of a dictionary.
update() Adds dictionary dict2’s key-values pairs to dict
setdefault() Set dict[key]=default if key is not already in dict
keys() Returns list of dictionary dict’s keys
items() Returns a list of dict’s (key, value) tuple pairs
has_key() Returns true if key in dictionary dict, false otherwise
fromkeys() Create a new dictionary with keys from seq and values set to value.
type() Returns the type of the passed variable.
cmp() Compares elements of both dict.
YouTube Link: https://youtu.be/QswQA1lRIQY
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This Edureka PPT on 'Collections In Python' will cover the concepts of Collection data type in python along with the collections module and specialized collection data structures like counter, chainmap, deque etc. Following are the topics discussed:
What Are Collections In Python?
What Is A Collection Module In Python?
Specialized Collection Data Structures
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What is Dictionary In Python? Python Dictionary Tutorial | EdurekaEdureka!
YouTube Link: https://youtu.be/rZjhId0VkuY
** Python Certification Training: https://www.edureka.co/python **
This Edureka PPT on 'Dictionary In Python' will help you understand the concept of dictionary, why and how we can use dictionary in python and various operations that we can perform on a dictionary. Below are the topics covered in this PPT:
What Is A Dictionary In Python?
Why Use A Python Dictionary?
Lists vs Dictionary
How To Implement A Dictionary In Python?
Operations In Python Dictionary
Use Case - Nested Dictionary
Python Tutorial Playlist: https://goo.gl/WsBpKe
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METHODS DESCRIPTION
copy() They copy() method returns a shallow copy of the dictionary.
clear() The clear() method removes all items from the dictionary.
pop() Removes and returns an element from a dictionary having the given key.
popitem() Removes the arbitrary key-value pair from the dictionary and returns it as tuple.
get() It is a conventional method to access a value for a key.
dictionary_name.values() returns a list of all the values available in a given dictionary.
str() Produces a printable string representation of a dictionary.
update() Adds dictionary dict2’s key-values pairs to dict
setdefault() Set dict[key]=default if key is not already in dict
keys() Returns list of dictionary dict’s keys
items() Returns a list of dict’s (key, value) tuple pairs
has_key() Returns true if key in dictionary dict, false otherwise
fromkeys() Create a new dictionary with keys from seq and values set to value.
type() Returns the type of the passed variable.
cmp() Compares elements of both dict.
Python Functions Tutorial | Working With Functions In Python | Python Trainin...Edureka!
** Python Certification Training: https://www.edureka.co/python **
This Edureka PPT on Python Functions tutorial covers all the important aspects of functions in Python right from the introduction to what functions are, all the way till checking out the major functions and using the code-first approach to understand them better.
Agenda
Why use Functions?
What are the Functions?
Types of Python Functions
Built-in Functions in Python
User-defined Functions in Python
Python Lambda Function
Conclusion
Python Tutorial Playlist: https://goo.gl/WsBpKe
Blog Series: http://bit.ly/2sqmP4s
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Python Class | Python Programming | Python Tutorial | EdurekaEdureka!
( Python Training : https://www.edureka.co/python )
This Edureka Python Class tutorial (Python Tutorial Blog: https://goo.gl/wd28Zr) will help you understand Python Classes and Objects with examples. It will also explain the concept of Abstract Classes and Inheritance in python.
Check out our Python Training Playlist: https://goo.gl/Na1p9G
This Python Programming tutorial video helps you to learn following topics:
1. Python Classes and Objects
2. Inheritance
3. Abstract Classes
OOPS concepts are one of the most important concepts in high level languages. Here in this PPT we will learn more about Object oriented approach in python programming which includes details related to classes and objects, inheritance, dat abstraction, polymorphism and many more with examples and code.
The Key Difference between a List and a Tuple. The main difference between lists and a tuples is the fact that lists are mutable whereas tuples are immutable. A mutable data type means that a python object of this type can be modified. Let's create a list and assign it to a variable.
A function is a set of statements that take inputs, do some specific computation and produces output. The idea is to put some commonly or repeatedly done task together and make a function, so that instead of writing the same code again and again for different inputs, we can call the function.
Python provides built-in functions like print(), etc. but we can also create your own functions. These functions are called user-defined functions.
METHODS DESCRIPTION
copy() They copy() method returns a shallow copy of the dictionary.
clear() The clear() method removes all items from the dictionary.
pop() Removes and returns an element from a dictionary having the given key.
popitem() Removes the arbitrary key-value pair from the dictionary and returns it as tuple.
get() It is a conventional method to access a value for a key.
dictionary_name.values() returns a list of all the values available in a given dictionary.
str() Produces a printable string representation of a dictionary.
update() Adds dictionary dict2’s key-values pairs to dict
setdefault() Set dict[key]=default if key is not already in dict
keys() Returns list of dictionary dict’s keys
items() Returns a list of dict’s (key, value) tuple pairs
has_key() Returns true if key in dictionary dict, false otherwise
fromkeys() Create a new dictionary with keys from seq and values set to value.
type() Returns the type of the passed variable.
cmp() Compares elements of both dict.
YouTube Link: https://youtu.be/QswQA1lRIQY
** Python Certification Training: https://www.edureka.co/python **
This Edureka PPT on 'Collections In Python' will cover the concepts of Collection data type in python along with the collections module and specialized collection data structures like counter, chainmap, deque etc. Following are the topics discussed:
What Are Collections In Python?
What Is A Collection Module In Python?
Specialized Collection Data Structures
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What is Dictionary In Python? Python Dictionary Tutorial | EdurekaEdureka!
YouTube Link: https://youtu.be/rZjhId0VkuY
** Python Certification Training: https://www.edureka.co/python **
This Edureka PPT on 'Dictionary In Python' will help you understand the concept of dictionary, why and how we can use dictionary in python and various operations that we can perform on a dictionary. Below are the topics covered in this PPT:
What Is A Dictionary In Python?
Why Use A Python Dictionary?
Lists vs Dictionary
How To Implement A Dictionary In Python?
Operations In Python Dictionary
Use Case - Nested Dictionary
Python Tutorial Playlist: https://goo.gl/WsBpKe
Blog Series: http://bit.ly/2sqmP4s
Follow us to never miss an update in the future.
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/user/edurekaIN
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LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/edureka
Castbox: https://castbox.fm/networks/505?country=in
METHODS DESCRIPTION
copy() They copy() method returns a shallow copy of the dictionary.
clear() The clear() method removes all items from the dictionary.
pop() Removes and returns an element from a dictionary having the given key.
popitem() Removes the arbitrary key-value pair from the dictionary and returns it as tuple.
get() It is a conventional method to access a value for a key.
dictionary_name.values() returns a list of all the values available in a given dictionary.
str() Produces a printable string representation of a dictionary.
update() Adds dictionary dict2’s key-values pairs to dict
setdefault() Set dict[key]=default if key is not already in dict
keys() Returns list of dictionary dict’s keys
items() Returns a list of dict’s (key, value) tuple pairs
has_key() Returns true if key in dictionary dict, false otherwise
fromkeys() Create a new dictionary with keys from seq and values set to value.
type() Returns the type of the passed variable.
cmp() Compares elements of both dict.
Python Functions Tutorial | Working With Functions In Python | Python Trainin...Edureka!
** Python Certification Training: https://www.edureka.co/python **
This Edureka PPT on Python Functions tutorial covers all the important aspects of functions in Python right from the introduction to what functions are, all the way till checking out the major functions and using the code-first approach to understand them better.
Agenda
Why use Functions?
What are the Functions?
Types of Python Functions
Built-in Functions in Python
User-defined Functions in Python
Python Lambda Function
Conclusion
Python Tutorial Playlist: https://goo.gl/WsBpKe
Blog Series: http://bit.ly/2sqmP4s
Follow us to never miss an update in the future.
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Python Class | Python Programming | Python Tutorial | EdurekaEdureka!
( Python Training : https://www.edureka.co/python )
This Edureka Python Class tutorial (Python Tutorial Blog: https://goo.gl/wd28Zr) will help you understand Python Classes and Objects with examples. It will also explain the concept of Abstract Classes and Inheritance in python.
Check out our Python Training Playlist: https://goo.gl/Na1p9G
This Python Programming tutorial video helps you to learn following topics:
1. Python Classes and Objects
2. Inheritance
3. Abstract Classes
OOPS concepts are one of the most important concepts in high level languages. Here in this PPT we will learn more about Object oriented approach in python programming which includes details related to classes and objects, inheritance, dat abstraction, polymorphism and many more with examples and code.
These program are helpful for the beginners who are learning swift .It is helpful for BCA,MCA and B.Tech student for learning the array programs in swift
Notebooks such as Jupyter give programming languages a level of interactivity approaching that of spreadsheets.
I present here an idea for a programming language specifically designed for an interactive environment similar to a notebook.
It aims to combining the power of a programming language with the usability of a spreadsheet.
Instead of free-form code, the user creates fields / columns, but these can be combined into tables and object classes.
By decoratively cycling through field elements, loops and other programming constructs can be created.
I give examples from classical computer science, machine learning and mathematical finance, specifically:
Nth Prime Number, 8 Queens, Poker Hand, Travelling Salesman, Linear Regression, VaR Attribution
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
block diagram and signal flow graph representation
Python Programming
1. 8 Apr 2022: Unit 2: Decision statements; Loops
PYTHON PROGRAMMING
B.Tech IV Sem CSE A
2. Unit 2
Decision Statements: Boolean Type, Boolean Operators, Using
Numbers with Boolean Operators, Using String with Boolean
Operators, Boolean Expressions and Relational Operators,
Decision Making Statements, Conditional Expressions.
Loop Control Statements: while Loop, range() Function, for Loop,
Nested Loops, break, continue.
Functions: Syntax and Basics of a Function, Use of a Function,
Parameters and Arguments in a Function, The Local and Global
Scope of a Variable, The return Statement, Recursive Functions,
The Lambda Function.
3. Boolean type
Python boolean data type has two values: True and False.
Use the bool() function to test if a value is True or False.
a = True
type(a)
<class 'bool'>
b = False
type(b)
<class 'bool'>
branch = "CSEA"
section = 4
print(bool(branch))
print(bool(section))
True
True
bool("Welcome")
True
bool(‘’)
False
print(bool("abc"))
print(bool(123))
print(bool(["app", “bat", “mat"]))
True
True
True
4. Boolean operators
not
and
or
A=True
B=False
A and B
False
A=True
B=False
A or B
True
A=True
B=False
not A
False
A=True
B=False
not B
True
A=True
B=False
C=False
D= True
(A and D) or(B or C)
True
5. Write code that counts the number of words in
sentence that contain either an “a” or an “e”.
sentence=input()
words = sentence.split(" ")
count = 0
for i in words:
if (('a' in i) or ('e' in i)) :
count +=1
print(count)
7. x = 84
y = 17
print(x >= y)
print(y <= x)
print(y < x)
print(x <= y)
print(x < y)
print(x % y == 0)
True
True
True
False
False
False
x = True
y = False
print(not y)
print(x or y)
print(x and not y)
print(not x)
print(x and y)
print(not x or y)
True
True
True
False
False
False
8. Decision statements
Python supports the following decision-
making statements.
if statements
if-else statements
Nested if statements
Multi-way if-elif-else statements
9. if
Write a program that prompts a user to enter two integer values.
Print the message ‘Equals’ if both the entered values are equal.
if num1- num2==0: print(“Both the numbers entered are Equal”)
Write a program which prompts a user to enter the radius of a circle.
If the radius is greater than zero then calculate and print the area
and circumference of the circle
if Radius>0:
Area=Radius*Radius*pi
.........
10. Write a program to calculate the salary of a medical
representative considering the sales bonus and incentives
offered to him are based on the total sales. If the sales
exceed or equal to 1,00,000 follow the particulars of
Column 1, else follow Column 2.
11. Sales=float(input(‘Enter Total Sales of the Month:’))
if Sales >= 100000:
basic = 4000
hra = 20 * basic/100
da = 110 * basic/100
incentive = Sales * 10/100
bonus = 1000
conveyance = 500
else:
basic = 4000
hra = 10 * basic/100
da = 110 * basic/100
incentive = Sales * 4/100
bonus = 500
conveyance = 500
salary= basic+hra+da+incentive+bonus+conveyance
# print Sales,basic,hra,da,incentive,bonus,conveyance,sal
12. Write a program to read three numbers from a user and
check if the first number is greater or less than the other
two numbers.
if num1>num2:
if num2>num3:
print(num1,”is greater than “,num2,”and “,num3)
else:
print(num1,” is less than “,num2,”and”,num3)
13. Finding the Number of Days in a Month
flag = 1
month = (int(input(‘Enter the month(1-12):’)))
if month == 2:
year = int(input(‘Enter year:’))
if (year % 4 == 0) and (not(year % 100 == 0)) or (year % 400 == 0):
num_days = 29
else:
num_days = 28
elif month in (1,3,5,7,8,10,12):
num_days = 31
elif month in (4, 6, 9, 11):
num_days = 30
else:
print(‘Please Enter Valid Month’)
flag = 0
if flag == 1:
print(‘There are ‘,num_days, ‘days in’, month,’ month’)
14. Write a program that prompts a user to enter two different
numbers. Perform basic arithmetic operations based on the
choices.
.......
if choice==1:
print(“ Sum=,”is:”,num1+num2)
elif choice==2:
print(“ Difference=:”,num1-num2)
elif choice==3:
print(“ Product=:”,num1*num2)
elif choice==4:
print(“ Division:”,num1/num2)
else:
print(“Invalid Choice”)
16. CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS
if x%2==0:
x = x*x
else:
x = x*x*x
x=x*x if x % 2 == 0 else x*x*x
find the smaller number among the two numbers.
min=print(‘min=‘,n1) if n1<n2 else print(‘min = ‘,n2)
20. text = "Engineering"
for character in text:
print(character)
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
courses = ["Python", "Computer Networks", "DBMS"]
for course in courses:
print(course)
Python
Computer Networks
DBMS
21. for i in range(10,0,-1):
print(i,end=" ")
# 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Range
function
22. range(start,stop,step size)
dates = [2000,2010,2020]
N=len(dates)
for i in range(N):
print(dates[i])
2000
2010
2020
for count in range(1, 6):
print(count)
1
2
3
4
5
range: Examples
23. Program which iterates through integers from 1 to 50 (using for loop).
For an integer that is even, append it to the list even numbers.
For an integer that is odd, append it the list odd numbers
even = []
odd = []
for number in range(1,51):
if number % 2 == 0:
even.append(number)
else:
odd.append(number)
print("Even Numbers: ", even)
print("Odd Numbers: ", odd)
Even Numbers: [2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50]
Odd Numbers: [1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49]
24. Write code that will count the number of vowels in the
sentence s and assign the result to the variable
num_vowels. For this problem, vowels are only a, e, i, o,
and u.
s = input()
vowels = ['a','e','i','o','u']
s = list(s)
num_vowels = 0
for i in s:
for j in i:
if j in vowels:
num_vowels+=1
print(num_vowels)
25. for i in range(1,100,1):
if(i==11):
break
else:
print(i, end=” “)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
break: example
26. for i in range(1,11,1):
if i == 5:
continue
print(i, end=” “)
1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10
continue: example
29. def sum(x,y):
s=0;
for i in range(x,y+1):
s=s+i
print(‘Sum of no’s from‘,x,’to‘,y,’ is ‘,s)
sum(1,25)
sum(50,75)
sum(90,100)
function: Example
30. def disp_values(a,b=10,c=20):
print(“ a = “,a,” b = “,b,”c= “,c)
disp_values(15)
disp_values(50,b=30)
disp_values(c=80,a=25,b=35)
a = 15 b = 10 c= 20
a = 50 b = 30 c= 20
a = 25 b = 35 c= 80
function: Example
31. LOCAL AND GLOBAL SCOPE OF A VARIABLE
p = 20 #global variable p
def Demo():
q = 10 #Local variable q
print(‘Local variable q:’,q)
print(‘Global Variable p:’,p)
Demo()
print(‘global variable p:’,p)
Local variable q: 10
Global Variable p: 20
global variable p: 20
32. a = 20
def Display():
a = 30
print(‘a in function:’,a)
Display()
print(‘a outside function:’,a)
a in function: 30
a outside function: 20
Local and global variable
33. Write a function calc_Distance(x1, y1, x2, y2) to calculate the distance
between two points represented by Point1(x1, y1) and Point2 (x2, y2).
The formula for calculating distance is:
import math
def EuclD (x1, y1, x2, y2):
dx=x2-x1
dx=math.pow(dx,2)
dy=y2-y1
dy=math.pow(dy,2)
z = math.pow((dx + dy), 0.5)
return z
print("Distance = ",(format(EuclD(4,4,2,2),".2f")))
36. def factorial(n):
if n < 1:
return 1
else:
return n * factorial(n-1)
print(factorial(4))
Recursion: Factorial
37. def power(x, y):
if y == 0:
return 1
else:
return x * power(x,y-1)
power(2,4)
Recursion: power(x,y)
38. A lambda function is a small anonymous function with no name.
Lambda functions reduce the number of lines of code
when compared to normal python function defined using def
lambda function
(lambda x: x + 1)(2) #3
(lambda x, y: x + y)(2, 3) #5
41. Functions
Function: Equivalent to a static method in Java.
Syntax:
def name():
statement
statement
...
statement
Must be declared above the 'main' code
Statements inside the function must be indented
hello2.py
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
# Prints a helpful message.
def hello():
print("Hello, world!")
# main (calls hello twice)
hello()
hello()
42. Whitespace Significance
Python uses indentation to indicate blocks, instead of {}
Makes the code simpler and more readable
In Java, indenting is optional. In Python, you must indent.
hello3.py
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
# Prints a helpful message.
def hello():
print("Hello, world!")
print("How are you?")
# main (calls hello twice)
hello()
hello()