The document discusses the Pythagorean theorem and distance formula. The Pythagorean theorem states that for any right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the two legs. The distance formula calculates the distance between two points on a graph by taking the difference of the x-coordinates squared plus the difference of the y-coordinates squared. The document provides an example of applying the distance formula to find the distance between two points, which equals 0.