This document discusses pykrete, a composite material made of wood pulp and ice that was proposed during World War II as a material for building aircraft carriers and other structures. Pykrete has properties that make it stronger and more durable than ice alone, such as a slower melting rate and improved strength and toughness. The document provides details on pykrete's invention, its properties like crush resistance, examples of testing that showed it was more resistant to bullets than ice, proposed uses for pykrete like ships and domes, and compares its mechanical properties to ice and concrete.

2.  What is pykrete
 Properties
 History of pykrete
 Durability
 Why we make pykrete
 What we make with pykrete

4.  Composite
material made
of 14% wood
pulp and ice

5. THE HISTORY OF PYKRETE
Invented by Max
Perutz??
It is named after
Geoffrey Pyke. He
proposed that the
Royal Navy make a
huge, unsinkable
aircraft carrier using
this material during
World War II

6. Interesting properties of pykrete
It has a slow melting rate due to low
thermal conductivity
It has an improved strength and
toughness over pure ice, it is actually
closer to concrete in strength
It is slightly harder to form than
concrete, because it expands while
freezing

7.  A ship made of this material would be
unsinkable; torpedoes could hit it and do little
damage
 It has a crush resistance of greater then
3,000 per square inch, so a one-inch column
could support the weight of a typical car
 The wood pulp in the material makes it
extremely stable at high temperatures
 If a .303 caliber bullet is fired at the material,
it will penetrate only 6.5 inches

8. Comparison of ice and pykrete
Ice-before Ice-after
Pykrete-before Pykrete-after
These photos were taken
on July 22, 2000 by J
Gordon Holley
Both the pykrete and ice
were frozen in 1 gallon
milk jugs for one week.
The pykrete was 10%
sawdust by weight
Both were shot with a .
243 rifle at 100 meters. A .
243 bullet fired form 300
meters can push a 1 lb
object for a distance of
1000 feet

9.  Tests on Ice and Pykrete
 The thickness of both sample are 9cm
 Melting at temo
TEST PYKRETE ICE
Breaking point 17.690 kilograms 9.525 kilograms
Melting point 45 MIN 25 MIN

11. Comparative properties of
materials
Mechanical properties Ice Concrete Pykrete
Crushing strength [MPa] 3.447 17.240 7.584
Tensile strength [MPa] 1.103 1.724 4.826
Density [kg/m³] 910 2500 980

12.  Pykrete is economy to wood andPykrete is economy to wood and
concreteconcrete
 We use waste wood in pykreteWe use waste wood in pykrete
 Pykrete is Bullet proof to the icePykrete is Bullet proof to the ice
 On site manufacturingOn site manufacturing
 Convert into countless shapeConvert into countless shape
 Time savingTime saving
 It is light weight as compare concreteIt is light weight as compare concrete
and woodand wood

13.  Domes
 Boat
 Ship
 Bullet proof wall

16. SOURCES
 Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pykrete.htm
information
 Nobelprize.org
http://nobelprize.org/chemistry/laureates/1962/perutz-bio.html
Image
 SWalk
http://www.swalk.com/habhead.html
Image
 Grippy and Cormo
http://www.geocitices.com/Broadway/1928/pykrete.htm
Images and information