The document discusses pulmonary system function and exercise limitations caused by pulmonary diseases. It covers topics like pulmonary ventilation, diffusion, and different types of pulmonary diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema. It provides guidelines for exercise for those with pulmonary impairment, focusing on intensity, duration, monitoring symptoms, and addressing complications of pulmonary diseases.

1. Pulmonary System and Exercise

3. INSPIRATION AND EXPIRATION

6. Pulmonary Diffusion

7. Respiration INTERNAL Respiration — Gas exchange between the blood and tissues Pulmonary diffusion — exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the blood Pulmonary ventilation — inflow and outflow of air between the lugs and atmosphere EXTERNAL Respiration

9. C hronic O bstructive P ulmonary D isease (COPD) Disease Cause Asthma Constriction airways Bronchitis secretion Excess mucus Emphysema Destruction of alveoli

10. Causes of COPD NOXIOUS AGENT (tobacco smoke, pollutants, occupational agent) Inflammation Airway inflammation Airway remodeling COPD Genetic factors Respiratory infection Other

13. EMPHYSEMA Loss of elasticity in the aveoli Associated with exposure to toxic chemicals & long-term exposure to tobacco smoke.

14. RESTRICTIVE DISEASE Disease Cause Scoliosis Skeletal Origins Pulmonary Edema Plural Paralysis Neuromuscular Pneumonia Alveolar blockage Cancer or Fibrotic Lung Scarring or loss of tissue function

17. PULMONARY FUNCTIONS

18. PULMONARY FUNCTIONS

19. Diagnosis Restrictive Disease (  Vol) Normal > 80% of predicted VC Mild 60 to 75% of predicted VC Moderate 50 to 60% of predicted VC Severe < 50% of predicted VC Diagnosis Obstructive Disease (  Flow) Normal > 80% of predicted FEV1 Mild 60 to 70% of predicted FEV1 Moderate 40 to 59% of predicted FEV1 Severe < 40% of predicted FEV1

23. Ventilation (L/min) VO 2 (ml/min kg) Max Max Ventilatory Adaptations to Graded Exercise Normal Pulmonary Impairment

24. THE VENTILATORY RESPONSE TO EXERCISE