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From the Rosetta Stone to the Boston Tea Party to the "Torches of Freedom" to today's digital age, public relations or responsible advocacy (and sometimes not so responsible) have been a part of the human landscape.
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Internal vs external public of public relationsMedia Mantra
Internal and External PR very important function of organization and both are dependent to each other .PR is also a part of marketing communication, which involves in advertising and promotions in targeted markets.
How to Write an Effective Press ReleaseSusan McMahon
A well-written release can dramatically increase your sales, expose your company to the masses, and greatly enhance the image of your business or products.
From the Rosetta Stone to the Boston Tea Party to the "Torches of Freedom" to today's digital age, public relations or responsible advocacy (and sometimes not so responsible) have been a part of the human landscape.
Public Relation is the practice of preaching the organization's message in public. Sometimes PR professionals face ethical problem in the path of influencing value, belief, opinion and behaviour of the public. This is a guideline for the ethical practice of Public relations.
Internal vs external public of public relationsMedia Mantra
Internal and External PR very important function of organization and both are dependent to each other .PR is also a part of marketing communication, which involves in advertising and promotions in targeted markets.
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For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
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The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
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Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
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Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
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1. Public Relations
What is Public Relations
PR Process
Models of Public Relations
Objectives
PR Functions
Methods and Tools
2. Definitions of PR
Public relations is deliberate, planned and sustained effort to establish and ,aintain
mutual understanding between an organization and its public.
Using communication to adapt relationship between organization and its publics
(Carl H. Botan “ International Public Relations : Critique and reformulation” in
public relations review, 1992)
Public relations is a unique management function which helps organizations to
establish and maintain mutual lines of communications, understanding, acceptance,
and cooperation with their public(s). It involves the management of problems or
issues; helps management to keep informed on and responsive to public opinion;
defines and emphasizes the responsibility of the management to serve not only the
organization but most important the public(s)’ interest(s); helps management to stay
familiar with environmental changes; serving as a warning system to help predict
trends; and uses research and symmetrical communication techniques as its
principal tools.
3. Public Relations Process
To practice public relations one must understand the process by which public relation
operates.
ROPE
R: Research
O: Objectives
P: Programming
E: Evaluation ( Jerry Henduing).
RACE
R: Research
A: Action and Planning
C: Communication
E: Evaluation ( John Marston).
4. 1: Research
Research is to controlled, objective and systematic gathering of information for the purpose
of describing and understanding ( Broom and Dozier).
Why we Conduct Research in PR:
• Achieve credibility with management
• Define audience and segment public
• Formulate strategy
• Test Message
• Help management keep in touch
• Monitor the competition
2: Action and Planning
After research in PR process action and planning decide where an organization want to be in
future and how to get there.it sets the organizations direction, proactivity, avoiding drift and
repetition of activates (Broom and Dozier).
3: Communication
Communication is the implementation of a decision in PR process. Strategies and tactics of
PR program are:
• Press Release News letters
• Posters Broachers
• Banners Press Conference
• Special events Rallies
• Stickers
5. According to “Patrick Johsan” communicator should ask the prepose of message is:
• Appropriate
• Memorable
• Meaningful
• Understandable
• Believable
4: Evaluation
Fourth step to PR process is evaluation. The systematic assessment of a program and its
results. It is a means of practitioners to offer accountability to clients and to themselves.
6. Models of PR
4 Models of Public Relations by J.Gruning & T.Hunt
Characteristic Publicity Public
Information
Two-Way
Asymmetric
Two-Way
Symmetric
Purpose Propaganda Dissemination of
information
Scientific
Persuasion
Mutual
Understanding
Nature of
Communication
One way,
complete truth
not essential
One way, truth
important
Two way,
imbalanced
effects
Two way,
balanced effect
Nature of
Research
Little, Counting,
House Survey
Little, content
analysis,
readability,
readership,
Formative,
evaluative of
attitudes,
Formative,
evaluative of
understanding
Where practiced
today
Sports, theatre,
product
promotion
Government
non-profit
associations,
business
Competitive
business,
agencies
Regulated
business,
agencies
7. Objectives of PR
There are basic three objective of Public Relations:
1. Image Building
2. Maintain the Repute
3. Create the good will
Functions of Public Relations
• Counselling Research
• Media Relations Publicity
• Employee/member relations Community relations
• Public affairs Issue management
• Government affairs Financial relations
• Industry relations Development fund raising
• Multicultural relations Special Events
• Propaganda Lobbying
• Opinion Protocol Marketing relations
8. Public Opinion
Public
It is a combination of many different ethnic, religious, geographical, political and
special interest groups. Types of public:
• All issue
• Single issue
• Hot issue
• Pathetic public
Public Opinion
Some of individuals opinion on an issue effecting those individuals. Elements of public
opinion process are:
• Issues
• Communication
• Perceptions of reality
• Demographic, social and psychological characteristics
Opinion Leaders
The person who formulate the opinion of public. Types of opinion leaders are:
• Formal opinion Leader
• Informal Opinion Leaders
9. Persuasion
Persuasion is an activity or a process in which a communicator attempts to induce a
change in attitude or behaviour of others person or group through transmutation of
message in a context in which persuade has some degree of free choice ( Richard
Perloff).
Types of Persuasion (Aristotle)
1. Ethos: it means speaker should have good Characteristics.
2. Logos: in this technique communicator use logics to persuade audience.
3. Pathos: it means the emotions and the feelings of the audience. Appeal based on
emotions.
Uses of Persuasion
• Change or neutralize hostile opinion
• Crystalize latent opinion
• Conserve favourable opinion
Factors of Persuasion
• Audience Analysis Source credibility
• Appeal to self interest Clarity of message
• Timing and context Audience participation
• Suggestions for action persuasive speaking
10. Propaganda
Propaganda consist of the planned use of any form of public or
mass-produced communication designed to effect the minds and
emotions of a given group for a specific purpose whether military,
economic or political ( Paul Myron Anthony 1954).
Types of Propaganda
1. White propaganda: It comes from openly identified source.
2. Black propaganda: It is identified from one source.
3. Grey propaganda: In grey propaganda source is not identified.
11. Techniques of propaganda
• Name calling: It is the use of derogatory language or words that
carry a negative meaning.
• Glittering Generalities: Equality, peace, democracy are words that
have different positive meaning for individual but are linked to
highly valued concept.
• Transfer: It attempt to make the view a certain item in the same way.
The cross, Roz-e-Rasool, crescent.
• Testimonials: Famous & influential. People tell you why they use a
product.
• Bandwagon: The message tell you everybody is doing this & you
should join.
• Card Stacking: Technique use to show favouritism. Logical &
illogical statement to give the best or worst possible case.
• Plain Folk: To build trust doing the same.
12. Advertising
• It is a form of communication intended to
persuade an audience(viewers, readers or
listeners) to purchase or take some action
upon products, ideas or services.
• Advertising is paid, non-paid communication
from an identified sponsor using mass media
to persuade or influence an audience.
13. Types of Advertising
Interactive Advertising
Brand Advertising
Public Service Advertising
Retail or Local Advertising
Institutional Advertising
Political Advertising
Business to Business Advertising
Dived Response Advertising
Directory Advertising
14. Roles of Advertising
1. Marketing Role: It is used to satisfy consumer
needs & wants through goods & services.
2. Communication Role: Advertising is a form of
communication.
3. Economic Role: Through advertising, making
economy better sale increases.
4. Societal Role: Informs us about new &
improved products teach us how to use
innovations.
15. Functions of Advertising
Provide brand and product information.
Provide incentives to take action.
Provide reminders and reinforcements.