Decentralization
Tools of Policy making
Financing Health care
Public-Private Partnership
Health Research
International Organizations
Equity
Health Reforms in Developing Countries
Stake Holders
Health is a multifactorial
The factors which determine the health of an individual are many, some are inside the body ( genetic/ intrinsic) and some are outside the body ( environmental factors)
The interaction of these factors may either promote or deteriorate the health.
The important determinants of health are,
This presentation was given for the staff of King Fahad Medical City in Riyadh, 11-14 May, 2016
Its content included:
Ethics of public health and health promotion
Ethics of disasters and emergency medicine.
Resource allocation.
DISCLAIMER:
This presentation is based on Hussein GM, Alkabba AF, Kasule OH. Professionalism and Ethics Handbook for Residents (PEHR): A Practical Guide. Ware J, Kattan T (eds). 1st Edition. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: Saudi Commission for Health Specialties, 2015.AND
Training material presented to the East Mediterranean Public Health Network (EMPHNET) course on Public Health Ethics (Amman, 2014)
Decentralization
Tools of Policy making
Financing Health care
Public-Private Partnership
Health Research
International Organizations
Equity
Health Reforms in Developing Countries
Stake Holders
Health is a multifactorial
The factors which determine the health of an individual are many, some are inside the body ( genetic/ intrinsic) and some are outside the body ( environmental factors)
The interaction of these factors may either promote or deteriorate the health.
The important determinants of health are,
This presentation was given for the staff of King Fahad Medical City in Riyadh, 11-14 May, 2016
Its content included:
Ethics of public health and health promotion
Ethics of disasters and emergency medicine.
Resource allocation.
DISCLAIMER:
This presentation is based on Hussein GM, Alkabba AF, Kasule OH. Professionalism and Ethics Handbook for Residents (PEHR): A Practical Guide. Ware J, Kattan T (eds). 1st Edition. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: Saudi Commission for Health Specialties, 2015.AND
Training material presented to the East Mediterranean Public Health Network (EMPHNET) course on Public Health Ethics (Amman, 2014)
Definition and Historical Glimpse of Public Health
Ancient Greece (500-323 BC)
Roman Empire (23 BC – 476 AD)
Middle Ages (476-1450 AD)
Birth of Modern Medicine (1650-1800 AD)
Great Sanitary Awakening (1800s-1900s)
Modern Public Health (1900 AD & onward)
Observingthedistributionofdiseaseorhealth related events in human population.
• Identify the characteristics with which the disease is associated.
• Basically 3 questions are asked who, when and where.
• Who means the person affected, where means the place and when is the time distribution.
A presentation by Karen Nelson, MBA, MSW, RSW, of the Ottawa Hospital, made to social workers at their 2013 Annual Meeting. A very thorough overview with significant research supporting the link between Social Determinants of Health and healthcare outcomes.
Introduction to ethical issues in public health, Public Health Institute (PHI...Dr Ghaiath Hussein
An introduction to ethical issues in public health practice and research I gave to master students in the Public Health Institute in Sudan -- My Home Country. This was on Jan. 5, 2012.
Public Health studies Plays a major role in fighting off the biggest killers of humans. Public Health professionals, who have either studied a Public Health degree or Health Studies related course, are constantly battling against diabetes, cancer, heart disease and dementia to maintain the health and wellbeing of the population.
Definition and Historical Glimpse of Public Health
Ancient Greece (500-323 BC)
Roman Empire (23 BC – 476 AD)
Middle Ages (476-1450 AD)
Birth of Modern Medicine (1650-1800 AD)
Great Sanitary Awakening (1800s-1900s)
Modern Public Health (1900 AD & onward)
Observingthedistributionofdiseaseorhealth related events in human population.
• Identify the characteristics with which the disease is associated.
• Basically 3 questions are asked who, when and where.
• Who means the person affected, where means the place and when is the time distribution.
A presentation by Karen Nelson, MBA, MSW, RSW, of the Ottawa Hospital, made to social workers at their 2013 Annual Meeting. A very thorough overview with significant research supporting the link between Social Determinants of Health and healthcare outcomes.
Introduction to ethical issues in public health, Public Health Institute (PHI...Dr Ghaiath Hussein
An introduction to ethical issues in public health practice and research I gave to master students in the Public Health Institute in Sudan -- My Home Country. This was on Jan. 5, 2012.
Public Health studies Plays a major role in fighting off the biggest killers of humans. Public Health professionals, who have either studied a Public Health degree or Health Studies related course, are constantly battling against diabetes, cancer, heart disease and dementia to maintain the health and wellbeing of the population.
Determinants of health refer to the various factors that influence an individual's overall health status.
Dimensions of health, on the other hand, represent different aspects or components of health. I
Global health is an important new term, and an important new concept. The Institute of Medicine refers to global health as "health problems, issues and concerns that transcend national boundaries, may be influenced by circumstances or experiences in other countries, and are best addressed by cooperative actions and solutions."
OBJECTIVES OF GLOBAL HEALTH CARE
Why should medical students learn about global health
CONTINUE…
Public health, medicine, and nursing: parts of the same puzzle
CHALLENGES IN GLOBAL HEALTH CARE
THE KEY CONCEPTS IN RELATION TO GLOBAL HEALTH
. THE DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
CONTINUE..
CONTINUE..
Continue…
2. The Measurement of Health Status
CONTINUE..
CULTURE AND HEALTH
CONTINUE..
4. The global burden of disease
5. Key Risk Factors for Various Health Conditions
CONTINUE..
Trends in Global Deaths 2002-30
HEALTH PATTERNS IN RESOURCE POOR COUNTRIES
HEALTH PATTERNS IN RESOURCE RICH COUNTRIES
Sharing the information.Network formation
REFERENCES
THANK YOU
Essay about Health and Wellbeing
Health Assessment Essay
Global Health Essay
Nutrition and Health Essay
A Career in Public Health Essay examples
Essay on Careers in Healthcare
Essay on Definitions of Health
Health Anxiety
Essay about Health and Wellbeing
WHO defined health in 1984 as "a state of complete physical, mental, social & spiritual well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
Health doesn't mean absence of diseases but it has a broader concept.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
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TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
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- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
2. OUTLINE
• INTRODUCTION
• WHAT IS A PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM?
• FACTORS CAUSING INCREASING DEMAND ON
HEALTH CARE
• CRITERIA FOR PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEMS
• DEFINITIONS OF HEALTH, DISEASE, ILLNESS,
ILL HEALTH.
• CONCLUSION.
3. INTRODUCTION
• Public health is the science and art of
preventing disease, prolonging life and
promoting health through the organized efforts
of society (Acheson 1988)
• Dental public health is the science and art of
preventing oral disease, promoting oral health
and prolonging life through the organized
efforts of the society (Downer et al., 1994)
4. • The focus of public health intervention is to
prevent rather than treat a disease through
surveillance of cases and the promotion of
healthy behaviors. In addition to these
activities, in many cases treating a disease can
be vital to preventing it in others, such as
during an outbreak of an infectious disease.
Vaccination schedules and distribution of
condoms are examples of public health
measures.
5. • It also promotes the establishment of healthy
environments by working in settings such as
schools and cities; aimed at strengthening
community action & personal skill for health
protection.
6. WHAT IS A PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM?
• It is now widely recognized that demands on
health care systems will always be greater
than the resources available to meet these
needs.
• This dilemma is not confined to the
developing world where resources are limited.
7. • The richest countries in the world, such as the
USA, Germany, and the UK are faced with similar
problems of increasing demands and escalating
health care expenditure.
• For example, expenditure on health care in the
USA rose from 3.6% of gross domestic product in
1929 to 13.6% in 1995,and was as high as 16% in
2012 and there is a prediction that it may reach
20% in the next few decades (Burt and Eklund
1999). In the UK spending on the General Dental
Services has risen steadily over recent years. In
1977/78 the figure was £270 million and by
1997/98 the figure was £1528 million, a six-fold
increase over a 10-year period (Dental Practice
Board 1998).
8. FACTORS CAUSING INCREASED
DEMAND ON HEALTH CARE
• Population increase
• Ageing
• Increased awareness
• Unhealthy environment
• Epidemic/pandemic
• Increased health risk factors
9. CRITERIA
• The solution to this problem is to
prioritize, pushing resources to those areas of
more pressing need. Those areas can be
determined using the following criteria:-
– PREVALENCE OF CONDITION
– IMPACT OF CONDITION ON INDIVIDUAL
– IMPACT OF CONDITION ON SOCIETY
– CONDITION IS PREVENTABLE & EFFECTIVE
TREATMENTS ARE AVAILABLE
10. • The first criterion relates to the prevalence of
the health problem, in essence Is the disease
widespread? Who has the disease?
• What percentage of the total population is
affected? What is the distribution of the
disease within the community?
• Is the prevalence of the condition increasing
or decreasing?
11. • The second aspect relates to the impact of the
condition at the individual level.
• How severe are the effects of the disease to the
patient? For example, do people die as a result of
it?
• Do they suffer pain, discomfort, or loss of
function?
• Can they perform their normal social roles? Are
they prevented from going to school or becoming
employed because of the problem?
12. • The third aspect relates to the effects of the
disease across society.
• What are the costs to the health service of
treating the condition? How much time do
people take off work to get treatment and
care?
• What effect does the condition have on
economic performance and productivity
country?
13. • Finally, it is important to consider the potential
for prevention and treatment of the disease.
• Is the natural history of the disease fully
understood?
• Can the early stages of the condition be
recognized?
• If so, are there interventions that can be
implemented to stop the disease progressing?
• If it does progress, are there effective treatment
available?
14. DEFINITIONS OF HEALTH, DISEASE,
ILLNESS & ILL HEALTH.
• HEALTH
– Many attempts have been made to define health
and to explore individuals’ perceptions of the
concept. After the Second World War, the WHO
(1946) proposed a definition:
• Health is a complete state of physical, mental
& social well being and not merely the
absence of infirmity
15. • A pioneering French study (Herzlich 1973)
identified that health was described in a variety
of ways by lay people:
As a state of being, and the absence of illness.
• As something to have, an inner strength or
resistance to ill health.
• As a state of doing and being able to fulfil the
maximum potential for life.
• Blaxter (1990), based upon a review of the
concept, had another description:
16. • Health can be defined negatively, as the
absence of illness, functionally as the ability to
cope with everyday activities, or positively, as
fitness and well-being
• Ewles and Simnett (1999) have outlined the
dimensions that they consider to be part of a
complete view of health, termed ‘a holistic
concept of health’ described in six separate
areas called the dimensions of health
17. DIMENSIONS OF HEALTH
• PHYSICAL HEALTH: concerned with the
functioning of the body.
• MENTAL HEALTH: the ability to think clearly
and coherently.
• EMOTIONAL HEALTH: to recognize and express
emotion such as fear, joy, grief.
• SOCIAL HEALTH: to form and maintain
relationships.
• SPIRITUAL HEALTH: concerned with either
religious beliefs and practices or personal
creeds and principles of behavior.
• SOCIETAL HEALTH: a person’s health is closely
linked to the environment he or she lives .
18. • It is very important to note that these areas are
not separate but are in fact part of a whole. We
may feel that not all of them apply to us as an
individual.
• The importance of each is likely to vary at
different times in our life. For example, the need
to form social relationships is of particular
importance when leaving home for the first
time, while for the majority of people their
physical health is of little concern at this time but
becomes more so later in life.
19. • So, modern concepts of health have moved
from an ‘absence of disease focus’ to a
concept that has a number of dimensions, and
health has become defined in terms of social,
psychological and physical functioning.
(Reisine 1985). Health is a dynamic subjective
concept which is influenced by an array of
factors.
20. • A more recent WHO (1984) definition of
health summarizes well the nature of
contemporary understanding of the concept:
• Health is the extent to which an individual or
group is able, on one hand to realize
aspirations and satisfy needs; and on the
other hand, to change or cope with the
environment
21. DISEASE
• Disease can be described as named
pathological entities diagnosed by means of
clinical signs and symptoms, for example
cancer or caries.
• Diseases are determined by professionals
based upon information collected in history
taking and through clinical investigations and
tests.
22. ILLNESS
• Illness refers to the subjective response of the
lay individual to being unwell. It refers to how
the person feels and what effect this has on
their normal every day life(Naidoo and Wills
1996).
23. ILL HEALTH
• Illness and disease are clearly not the same. A
person can have a disease and have no
symptoms. for example, periodontal disease.
• However, if that person reports bleeding gums
and loose teeth then they have symptoms and
periodontal disease may be confirmed by
evidence of attachment loss clinically and bone
loss on radiographs.
• The disease and the illness coincide. Ill health is
an ‘umbrella term used to refer to the experience
of diseases plus illness’ (Naidoo and Wills 1996).
24. CONCLUSION
• The problem of public health can be
drastically reduced if governments formulate
policy whereby the population can be
reduced, commit reasonable amount of
resources to the health sector to build well
equipped health centre, and if individual can
maintain healthy environment and maintain
his health