The two functions systems that have contributed to the origin of Psychology has been emotional arousal and cognitive processes. Emotional arousal has provided the basic driving f orce, whereas cognitive processing contributed to making sensory-motor contacts with reality. Complex cognitive processing facilitated extensive knowledge base of the sensory-motor contacts, as well as helped to create virtual realities. Emotional arousal supported the genesis of responses and actions, as per the cognitive judgments made in the system. The article deals with brief account of the complex nature of interactions between the two systems and how psychology - the mind and behavior emerged from the interactions.
A fundamental process in the formation of an individual’s mentation is the associations of experience. These associations not only account for constructive behavior, but can also lead to deleterious or negative behavior, suggesting that some associations are negative and therefore the negative behavior can be remolded through contrasting positive associations; however, to understand what this really means and how it works, we must start at the beginning and define what exactly is this negative behavior that we refer to by the term “mental illness.”
As hundreds of so-called “psychotherapies” have been foisted onto the public, all claiming to treat “mental illness,” newer understandings of how the human brain actually works and the processes which drive the formations of mentation that we refer to as “the mind,” demand a reassessment of what exactly we are referring to by the term “mental illness” and what kinds of intervention would be feasible in both the prevention of and recovery from cognitive and behavioral disorder.
The critical reflection of the aspects of emotional intelligence can be put on account of the different epistemological perspectives, reflecting a maturity of the concept. There is a need to find consistent empirical evidence for the dimensionality of emotional intelligence and to develop appropriate methods for its correct and useful measurement. A concern of researchers is whether emotional intelligence is a theory of personality, a form of intelligence, or a combination of both. Many studies consider emotional intelligence to be a personal factor associated with competence. But most researchers consider emotional intelligence as an emotional awareness of oneself and others, in addition to professional efficiency and emotional management.
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.19339.11045
According to Antonio Damasio, the emotional process begins with conscious considerations about the object in the form of mental images. These images correspond to a neural substrate (topographic representations) influenced by the dispositional representations. At the unconscious level, the networks in the prefrontal cortex respond automatically and involuntarily to the signals derived from the processing of the above images, according to the dispositional representations, acquired based on personal experience rather than innate.
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.21624.06401
Three primary domains of human consciousness as specified in The Unified Theory of Knowledge (UTOK) via Justification Systems Theory (JUST) are
1.The experiential or primate self –It includes both
The capacity for subjective experience and
The manner in which perceptions become referenced against motives and emotions that are relevant to one's self.
The basic features of this domain of consciousness is shared with other mammals.
2.The ego which refers to the language-based narrating capacity of your interpreter system.
It is the “I” that describes, evaluates, and explains the “me” when you are engaged in explicit self-conscious reflection.
3. your persona refers to the way you project your identity out into the social world to
Manage impressions and
Regulate your role and place in the social field.
A fundamental process in the formation of an individual’s mentation is the associations of experience. These associations not only account for constructive behavior, but can also lead to deleterious or negative behavior, suggesting that some associations are negative and therefore the negative behavior can be remolded through contrasting positive associations; however, to understand what this really means and how it works, we must start at the beginning and define what exactly is this negative behavior that we refer to by the term “mental illness.”
As hundreds of so-called “psychotherapies” have been foisted onto the public, all claiming to treat “mental illness,” newer understandings of how the human brain actually works and the processes which drive the formations of mentation that we refer to as “the mind,” demand a reassessment of what exactly we are referring to by the term “mental illness” and what kinds of intervention would be feasible in both the prevention of and recovery from cognitive and behavioral disorder.
The critical reflection of the aspects of emotional intelligence can be put on account of the different epistemological perspectives, reflecting a maturity of the concept. There is a need to find consistent empirical evidence for the dimensionality of emotional intelligence and to develop appropriate methods for its correct and useful measurement. A concern of researchers is whether emotional intelligence is a theory of personality, a form of intelligence, or a combination of both. Many studies consider emotional intelligence to be a personal factor associated with competence. But most researchers consider emotional intelligence as an emotional awareness of oneself and others, in addition to professional efficiency and emotional management.
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.19339.11045
According to Antonio Damasio, the emotional process begins with conscious considerations about the object in the form of mental images. These images correspond to a neural substrate (topographic representations) influenced by the dispositional representations. At the unconscious level, the networks in the prefrontal cortex respond automatically and involuntarily to the signals derived from the processing of the above images, according to the dispositional representations, acquired based on personal experience rather than innate.
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.21624.06401
Three primary domains of human consciousness as specified in The Unified Theory of Knowledge (UTOK) via Justification Systems Theory (JUST) are
1.The experiential or primate self –It includes both
The capacity for subjective experience and
The manner in which perceptions become referenced against motives and emotions that are relevant to one's self.
The basic features of this domain of consciousness is shared with other mammals.
2.The ego which refers to the language-based narrating capacity of your interpreter system.
It is the “I” that describes, evaluates, and explains the “me” when you are engaged in explicit self-conscious reflection.
3. your persona refers to the way you project your identity out into the social world to
Manage impressions and
Regulate your role and place in the social field.
Meditation as Medication Mastering the Art of Mindfulness (Long Version)Daryush Parvinbenam
Meditation as Medication Mastering the Art of Mindfulness (Long Version)
By: Daryush Parvinbenam M.Ed., M.A., LPCCS, LICDC
Appleseed Community Mental Health Center
R.S.V.P Conference
Sept 29, 2010
The discovery of God’s name within the essence of all life demonstrates that we are related not only to one another, but also to life itself!
Gematria
Introduction to the Hebrew alphabet
Numeric values of the Hebrew alphabet
Elements convert to alphabet
Significance of our origin
What does our DNA say?
Are we men or gods?
God’s imprint for mere existence
The equation of life
Deeper aspects of DNA
Origin of life
Energy application to physiology
Summary, what does it all mean?
Trauma and dissociation neurological and spiritual perspectivestakingflightbooks
The traumatic events of the past decades have touched each of us in either primary or secondary ways. The effects of trauma are experienced physically, mentally, emotionally, socially and spiritually. Many who have been touched by natural disasters or human atrocities view their spiritual distress as the most intense of these responses.
While many of the therapeutic models used today all but fail to address this important aspect of humanness, a growing number of psychotherapists are exploring alternate methods of healing in an effort to address the spiritual distress experienced by their traumatized clients. As they being their study of spirituality and spiritual interventions as
different from religion and religious models, some of these therapists are revisiting ancient methods of soul healing, including the time- honored teachings and practices of Shamanism. In this discussion article, the relationship between triggers, flashbacks and dissociation are explored from both a neurological perspective and a spiritual
(rooted in Shamanic knowledge) perspective. These two worldviews are compared and contrasted. Questions are presented which invite psychotherapists to ponder the need for an increased understanding of spiritual distress and spiritual interventions in order to provide to their trauma clients a more balanced and holistic approach.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Mental Training & Mastering the Art of Mindfulness (Short Version)Daryush Parvinbenam
Mental Training & Mastering the Art of Mindfulness (Short Version)
By: Daryush Parvinbenam M.Ed., M.A., LPCCS, LICDC
South Community, Inc.
Feb 20, 2013
Mental Training & Mastering the Art of Mindfulness
By: Daryush Parvinbenam M.Ed, M.A., LPCCS, LICDC
South Community, Inc.
Feb 20, 2013
"This human being is a guest house. Every morning a new arrival. Still, treat each guest honourably. He may be clearing you out for some new delight."
Lecture proposes a philosophical synthesis of the key concepts of the alcohol addiction neuroscience (the anhedonia hypothesis, the want-like system, the incentive salience hypothesis) and psychology (the rational choice model). As a core component the experience is reconstructed to become habitual during subsequent alcohol misuse. The existential phenomenology (Ludwig Binswanger) interpretation is provided.
KEY HYPOTHESIS
The addictive intake of alcohol and other narcotic drugs forms a simple snippet of code that circumvents the physiological paths of the tricky' reward system into discerning behavioral patterns to achieve some useful aims.
A core component of this presentation is alcohol experience. We tried to consider it as a whole, to describe its fluidity as some totality and uniqueness at the same time. We have found that this alcohol experience should not be fully integrated into existing or airy future theories corrected by rigid methods or firm recommendations. The disclosure of air alcohol experience has accomplished the special philosophical mission. This approach has derived much of its inspiration by the spirit of classical psychoanalysis, which was first in the field of expertise corresponding pathological experience.
The peripeteia of addictive behavior offers such an example of aspiration to a momentary pleasure that leads to new troubles proceeding through a sequence of stages beginning with a deeper dividing of the Self, social stigmatization, social death and, finally, biological death. Thus, we face philosophical challenges. Internally, alcohol may be ideating as a rapid elevator to the Wonderland of dream, happiness, pleasure or calmness. But the best we can say here is that these wishes, wanting and liking act as certain hacked codes for both the mind and the neurobiology of the brain.
This presentation has shown that, although the brain impulses either trigger or support alcohol addiction, we can never confine mental activities to certain physical and chemical processes in a human brain, nor can we reduce our life to mere physiological reactions, behavior models and psychological affects.
A rule based approach towards detecting human temperamentijcsit
This paper presented a rule based system for detecting human temperament.. The system was developed to
provide support for an expert psychologist in properly predicting the temperament of an individual as well
as given advice to the user. The system does this by following specified rules. Of this, we have deduced
some features that makes up known temperament types from which the system can accurately classify the
user‘s temperament based on the person‘s characters. Also, our work is solely limited to temperament, any
expert advice sought from and given by the system is limited to this scope.
Alternative Therapies of Trauma By: Daryush Parvinbenam, LPCC-SDaryush Parvinbenam
The Hallmark of complex trauma is disconnection:
- neurobiological/psychological systems
- personality/self system
- relational system
- spiritual system
"Dissociation" is a key symptom of complex trauma or DESNOS
Neuropsychotherapy: Toward Developing an Unified Transtheoretical Model of Ch...Daryush Parvinbenam
By: Daryush Parvinbenam, M.Ed., M.A., LPCC/S
Roots of Resiliency and Emotional Wellness - "Emotional wellness is rooted in different layers of connection and integration. These layers are interactive and multi-directional in adults. These connections occur on Neurobiological system, Intrapersonal/personality system, Interpersonal/relational system, Spiritual/system of meaning."
Meditation as Medication Mastering the Art of Mindfulness
By: Daryush Parvinbenam M. Ed, M.A, LPCCS
R.S.V.P Conference September 29, 2010
- This presentation does not suggest mindfulness practices should immediately replace current medication.
- A holistic model of treatment, as opposed to the current medical model, should be considered.
- Medication issues should be negotiated with the prescribing physician prior to discontinuation or change of medication.
- At least initially, in many cases, the combination of medication and alternative therapies seems to be the best possible option toward recovery for many people.
This is a paper I wrote on the subject of Motivation and Emotions as part of my Term 1 submission for Micro-OB. Students of Organization Behavior and HR may find it useful. In case you find it useful please drop some feedback so that I can improve my skills. Thanks!
Meditation as Medication Mastering the Art of Mindfulness (Long Version)Daryush Parvinbenam
Meditation as Medication Mastering the Art of Mindfulness (Long Version)
By: Daryush Parvinbenam M.Ed., M.A., LPCCS, LICDC
Appleseed Community Mental Health Center
R.S.V.P Conference
Sept 29, 2010
The discovery of God’s name within the essence of all life demonstrates that we are related not only to one another, but also to life itself!
Gematria
Introduction to the Hebrew alphabet
Numeric values of the Hebrew alphabet
Elements convert to alphabet
Significance of our origin
What does our DNA say?
Are we men or gods?
God’s imprint for mere existence
The equation of life
Deeper aspects of DNA
Origin of life
Energy application to physiology
Summary, what does it all mean?
Trauma and dissociation neurological and spiritual perspectivestakingflightbooks
The traumatic events of the past decades have touched each of us in either primary or secondary ways. The effects of trauma are experienced physically, mentally, emotionally, socially and spiritually. Many who have been touched by natural disasters or human atrocities view their spiritual distress as the most intense of these responses.
While many of the therapeutic models used today all but fail to address this important aspect of humanness, a growing number of psychotherapists are exploring alternate methods of healing in an effort to address the spiritual distress experienced by their traumatized clients. As they being their study of spirituality and spiritual interventions as
different from religion and religious models, some of these therapists are revisiting ancient methods of soul healing, including the time- honored teachings and practices of Shamanism. In this discussion article, the relationship between triggers, flashbacks and dissociation are explored from both a neurological perspective and a spiritual
(rooted in Shamanic knowledge) perspective. These two worldviews are compared and contrasted. Questions are presented which invite psychotherapists to ponder the need for an increased understanding of spiritual distress and spiritual interventions in order to provide to their trauma clients a more balanced and holistic approach.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Mental Training & Mastering the Art of Mindfulness (Short Version)Daryush Parvinbenam
Mental Training & Mastering the Art of Mindfulness (Short Version)
By: Daryush Parvinbenam M.Ed., M.A., LPCCS, LICDC
South Community, Inc.
Feb 20, 2013
Mental Training & Mastering the Art of Mindfulness
By: Daryush Parvinbenam M.Ed, M.A., LPCCS, LICDC
South Community, Inc.
Feb 20, 2013
"This human being is a guest house. Every morning a new arrival. Still, treat each guest honourably. He may be clearing you out for some new delight."
Lecture proposes a philosophical synthesis of the key concepts of the alcohol addiction neuroscience (the anhedonia hypothesis, the want-like system, the incentive salience hypothesis) and psychology (the rational choice model). As a core component the experience is reconstructed to become habitual during subsequent alcohol misuse. The existential phenomenology (Ludwig Binswanger) interpretation is provided.
KEY HYPOTHESIS
The addictive intake of alcohol and other narcotic drugs forms a simple snippet of code that circumvents the physiological paths of the tricky' reward system into discerning behavioral patterns to achieve some useful aims.
A core component of this presentation is alcohol experience. We tried to consider it as a whole, to describe its fluidity as some totality and uniqueness at the same time. We have found that this alcohol experience should not be fully integrated into existing or airy future theories corrected by rigid methods or firm recommendations. The disclosure of air alcohol experience has accomplished the special philosophical mission. This approach has derived much of its inspiration by the spirit of classical psychoanalysis, which was first in the field of expertise corresponding pathological experience.
The peripeteia of addictive behavior offers such an example of aspiration to a momentary pleasure that leads to new troubles proceeding through a sequence of stages beginning with a deeper dividing of the Self, social stigmatization, social death and, finally, biological death. Thus, we face philosophical challenges. Internally, alcohol may be ideating as a rapid elevator to the Wonderland of dream, happiness, pleasure or calmness. But the best we can say here is that these wishes, wanting and liking act as certain hacked codes for both the mind and the neurobiology of the brain.
This presentation has shown that, although the brain impulses either trigger or support alcohol addiction, we can never confine mental activities to certain physical and chemical processes in a human brain, nor can we reduce our life to mere physiological reactions, behavior models and psychological affects.
A rule based approach towards detecting human temperamentijcsit
This paper presented a rule based system for detecting human temperament.. The system was developed to
provide support for an expert psychologist in properly predicting the temperament of an individual as well
as given advice to the user. The system does this by following specified rules. Of this, we have deduced
some features that makes up known temperament types from which the system can accurately classify the
user‘s temperament based on the person‘s characters. Also, our work is solely limited to temperament, any
expert advice sought from and given by the system is limited to this scope.
Alternative Therapies of Trauma By: Daryush Parvinbenam, LPCC-SDaryush Parvinbenam
The Hallmark of complex trauma is disconnection:
- neurobiological/psychological systems
- personality/self system
- relational system
- spiritual system
"Dissociation" is a key symptom of complex trauma or DESNOS
Neuropsychotherapy: Toward Developing an Unified Transtheoretical Model of Ch...Daryush Parvinbenam
By: Daryush Parvinbenam, M.Ed., M.A., LPCC/S
Roots of Resiliency and Emotional Wellness - "Emotional wellness is rooted in different layers of connection and integration. These layers are interactive and multi-directional in adults. These connections occur on Neurobiological system, Intrapersonal/personality system, Interpersonal/relational system, Spiritual/system of meaning."
Meditation as Medication Mastering the Art of Mindfulness
By: Daryush Parvinbenam M. Ed, M.A, LPCCS
R.S.V.P Conference September 29, 2010
- This presentation does not suggest mindfulness practices should immediately replace current medication.
- A holistic model of treatment, as opposed to the current medical model, should be considered.
- Medication issues should be negotiated with the prescribing physician prior to discontinuation or change of medication.
- At least initially, in many cases, the combination of medication and alternative therapies seems to be the best possible option toward recovery for many people.
This is a paper I wrote on the subject of Motivation and Emotions as part of my Term 1 submission for Micro-OB. Students of Organization Behavior and HR may find it useful. In case you find it useful please drop some feedback so that I can improve my skills. Thanks!
CME on SLEEP, CONSCIOUSNESS & MEDITATION: NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL CORRELATESYogacharya AB Bhavanani
CME on SLEEP, CONSCIOUSNESS & MEDITATION: NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL CORRELATES
Organized by Department of Physiology and CYTER
Thursday, 27 November 2014 at MGMC & RI, Pondicherry.
Social cognitive theory in mass communication - Prepared by Fiza Zia Ul HannanDr. Fiza Zia Ul Hannan
This theory refers to the cognitive capability to learn and adopt new knowledge in ways a human mind has not comprehended before. Its philosophical description deals with understanding of the psycho-social mechanisms, which affect human thought and action.
O R I G I N A L A R T I C L EUnconscious emotions quantif.docxhopeaustin33688
O R I G I N A L A R T I C L E
Unconscious emotions: quantifying and logging something
we are not aware of
Leonid Ivonin • Huang-Ming Chang •
Wei Chen • Matthias Rauterberg
Received: 30 September 2011 / Accepted: 1 February 2012 / Published online: 5 April 2012
� The Author(s) 2012. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com
Abstract Lifelogging tools aim to precisely capture daily
experiences of people from the first-person perspective.
Although there have been numerous lifelogging tools
developed for users to record the external environment
around them, the internal part of experience characterized
by emotions seems to be neglected in the lifelogging field.
However, the internal experiences of people are important
and, therefore, lifelogging tools should be able to capture
not only the environmental data, but also emotional expe-
riences, thereby providing a more complete archive of past
events. Moreover, there are implicit emotions that cannot
be consciously experienced, but still influence human
behaviors and memories. It has been proven that conscious
emotions can be recognized from physiological signals of
the human body. This fact may be used to enhance life-logs
with information about unconscious emotions, which
otherwise would remain hidden. On the other hand, it is not
clear if unconscious emotions can be recognized from
physiological signals and differentiated from conscious
emotions. Therefore, an experiment was designed to elicit
emotions (both conscious and unconscious) with visual and
auditory stimuli and to record cardiovascular responses of
34 participants. The experimental results showed that heart
rate responses to the presentation of the stimuli are unique
for every category of the emotional stimuli and allow dif-
ferentiation between various emotional experiences of the
participants.
Keywords Emotions � Unconscious � Heart rate �
Archetypal symbols � Lifelogging
1 Introduction
Keeping a diary is a very traditional way of lifelogging.
Some people tend to write down in their diaries all the
details of what they saw and did, while others like to note
moods and emotions they had during a day. Presently, there
are various kinds of lifelogging tools (e.g., [1–3]) that have
been developed to assist people with recording their life
experiences. However, these tools can only record the
surrounding environment of people, which ultimately
includes everything that they encounter, but not the internal
world, which comprises moods, thoughts and emotions.
Therefore, current lifelogging tools do not provide people
with a possibility to keep records of their mental life, which
is crucial for some people who keep diaries [4, 5].
To offer capabilities that are superior to diaries, life-
logging applications should try to capture the complete
experiences of people including data from both their
external and internal worlds. Since mental experiences of
people are too broad.
The City Explores Its BehaviorPsychologyPsychology i.docxmehek4
The City Explores Its Behavior
Psychology
Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior.
It is focused on the individual.
Attempts to investigate the causes of behavior using non-random and objective procedures for observation, measurement and analysis, backed-up by theoretical interpretations, generalizations, explanations and predictions.
Psychological perspectives can be applied to the study of the urban environment.
The Happy City Experiment
Cognitive Psychology
Cognitive psychology revolves around the notion that if we want to know what makes people tick then the way to do it is to figure out what processes are actually going on in their minds.
The cognitive perspective is concerned with “mental” functions such as memory, perception, attention etc.
Humans undergo stages of development. This includes thought, judgment, and knowledge.
Piaget’s stages of (child) development, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, and Kolberg’s stages of moral development.
Behaviorism
The concept of free will is simply an illusion.
All human action is the direct result of conditioning.
Actions that are followed by good consequences are reinforced and therefore those behaviors are more likely to occur again in the future.
Behaviors that result in negative consequences, on the other hand, become less likely to occur again.
Psychoanalysis
It is both a theory and a therapy.
People have little free will to make choices in life. Instead, our behavior is determined by the unconscious mind and childhood experiences.
The human mind is like an iceberg, with only a small amount of it being visible, that is our observable behavior, but it is the unconscious, submerged mind that has the most, underlying influence on our behavior.
Humanism
A psychological perspective that emphasizes the study of the whole person.
The humanistic perspective centers on the view that each person is unique and individual, and has the free will to change at any time in his or her lives.
The humanistic perspective suggests that we are each responsible for our own happiness and well-being as humans.
We have the innate capacity for self-actualization, which is our unique desire to achieve our highest potential as people.
Heuristics
Heuristics are commonly defined as cognitive shortcuts or rules of thumb that simplify decisions.
Represent a process of substituting a difficult question with an easier one.
Can lead to cognitive bias.
A cognitive bias is a non-random error in thinking, in the sense that a judgment deviates from what would be considered desirable from the perspective of accepted norms or correct in terms of formal logic.
For example, confirmation bias is the tendency to search for, interpret, focus on and remember information in a way that confirms one's preconceptions.
Social Psychology
Social psychology is about understanding individual behavior in a social context.
It is concerned with the factors that lead us to behave in a given way in th ...
A Career as a Psychologist Essay
Introduction to Psychology Essay examples
Psychological Trauma Essay
Psychological Development Essay
Psychological Wellbeing
Psychological Stress Essay
Essay about Definition of Psychology
Psychological Care
Psychological Disorders Essay
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Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
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