Recommended
Recommended
More Related Content
Viewers also liked
Viewers also liked (20)
Similar to Psychology 101 Chapter 8 Life Span Development
Similar to Psychology 101 Chapter 8 Life Span Development (18)
More from dborcoman
More from dborcoman (20)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
Psychology 101 Chapter 8 Life Span Development
- 2. 8.1 Introduction L01 Explain the nature-nurture question 8.2 Prenatal Development 8.3 Infant and Child Development 8.4 Adolescent Development 8.5 Adult Development
- 3. 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Prenatal Development L02 Identify and describe the three stages of prenatal development L03 Explain the interaction of drugs and prenatal development 8.3 Infant and Child Development 8.4 Adolescent Development 8.5 Adult Development
- 4. Prenatal Period 8.2 Prenatal Development Click on play button to launch animation in browser window. NOTE: This is an interactive Flash animation, not a movie that just plays. You might get a security warning when you try to run it.
- 5. Teratogens 8.2 Prenatal Development © Maks Narodenko/Shutterstock.com © Stephen Orsillo/Shutterstock.com © Jason Swalwell/Shutterstock.com © Jesus! Photography/Shutterstock.com © DVARG/Shutterstock.com
- 6. 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Prenatal Development 8.3 Infant and Child Development L04 Describe the sensory and motor development of children L05 Describe Piaget’s theory of cognitive development as it applies to children L06 Discuss the emotional development of children, including different types of temperament and attachment L07 Describe Freud’s psychosexual theory of development as it applies to children L08 Describe Erikson’s psychosocial theory of development as it applies to children L09 Describe Bandura’s social cognitive theory of development L010 Describe vulnerability and resiliency, and explain how both may influence children’s social development L011 Describe gender role development, including different explanations for how children acquire gender roles 8.4 Adolescent Development 8.5 Adult Development
- 7. Sensory Development 8.3 Infant and Child Development © Chubykin Arkady/Shutterstock.com © Roman Chernikov/Shutterstock.com © Tan, Kim Pin/Shutterstock.com
- 8. Sensory Development 8.3 Infant and Child Development Click on play button to launch video in QuickTime player.
- 9. Sensory Development 8.3 Infant and Child Development Click on play button to launch video in QuickTime player.
- 10. Sensory Development 8.3 Infant and Child Development Click on play button to launch video in QuickTime player.
- 11. Motor Development 8.3 Infant and Child Development Click on play button to launch video in QuickTime player.
- 12. Motor Development 8.3 Infant and Child Development Click on play button to launch video in QuickTime player.
- 13. Motor Development 8.3 Infant and Child Development Click on play button to launch video in QuickTime player.
- 14. Cognitive Development 8.3 Infant and Child Development 5-month-old Sam “thinks” that objects are for sucking on. 2-year-old Sam will not try to eat the blocks, but he may try to stack them.
- 15. Piaget’s Cognitive Stages – Stage 1: Sensorimotor Stage 8.3 Infant and Child Development Click on play button to launch video in QuickTime player.
- 16. Piaget’s Cognitive Stages – Stage 2: Preoperational Stage 8.3 Infant and Child Development Click on play button to launch video in QuickTime player.
- 17. Piaget’s Cognitive Stages – Conservation 8.3 Infant and Child Development
- 18. Piaget’s Cognitive Stages – Stage 3: Concrete Operational Stage 8.3 Infant and Child Development Click on play button to launch video in QuickTime player.
- 19. Emotional Development – Temperament 8.3 Infant and Child Development Click on play button to launch video in QuickTime player.
- 20. Emotional Development – Attachment 8.3 Infant and Child Development Click on play button to launch video in QuickTime player.
- 21. Social Development According to Freud 8.3 Infant and Child Development Oral Stage Anal Stage Phallic Stage Latency Stage
- 22. Social Development According to Erikson 8.3 Infant and Child Development TRUST versus MISTRUST AUTONOMY versus SHAME AND DOUBT INITIATIVE versus GUILT versus INFERIORITY
- 23. Freud versus Erikson 8.3 Infant and Child Development Click on play button to launch animation in browser window. NOTE: This is an interactive Flash animation, not a movie that just plays. You might get a security warning when you try to run it.
- 24. Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory 8.3 Infant and Child Development This boy is intrinsically motivated to imitate many of his father’s social behaviors, like bowling.
- 25. Resiliency and Vulnerability 8.3 Infant and Child Development © Inna Astakhova/Shutterstock.com © Gelpi/Shutterstock.com
- 26. Gender Differences 8.3 Infant and Child Development Click on play button to launch video in QuickTime player.
- 27. 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Prenatal Development 8.3 Infant and Child Development 8.4 Adolescent Development L012 Describe how puberty changes the bodies of girls and boys L013 Describe Piaget’s theory of cognitive development as it applies to adolescents L014 Describe how brain development may influence the adolescent’s ability to reason and regulate emotions L015 Describe Kohlberg’s theory of moral reasoning L016 Describe Baumrind’s three parenting styles L017 Define personal identity and self-esteem, and the different patterns of self-esteem in adolescents L018 Describe Freud’s psychosexual theory of development as it applies to adolescents L019 Describe Erikson’s psychosocial theory of development as it applies to adolescents 8.5 Adult Development
- 28. Adolescence: Physical Development 8.4 Adolescent Development Puberty often occurs in girls between ages 9 and 13. Puberty often occurs in boys between ages 10 and 14.
- 29. Cognitive Development – Piaget’s Cognitive Stage 4: Formal Operations 8.4 Adolescent Development Sensorimotor Birth to age 2 1 Preoperational Ages 2 to 7 2 Concrete Ages 7 to 11 3 Formal Ages 12 thru adulthood4
- 30. Brain Development 8.4 Adolescent Development The prefrontal cortex is deluged by sex hormones in teens, resulting in being unable to make good decisions and becoming highly emotional.
- 31. Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Reasoning 8.4 Adolescent Development Click on play button to launch animation in browser window. NOTE: This is an interactive Flash animation, not a movie that just plays. You might get a security warning when you try to run it.
- 32. Baumrind’s Parenting Styles 8.4 Adolescent Development Authoritarian Authoritative Permissive © iStockphoto/Cat London© Olgabo/Shutterstock.com© Ilya Andriyanov/Shutterstock.com
- 33. Personality and Social Development 8.4 Adolescent Development This teenager shows her independence by having a very noticeable hairstyle and piercings.
- 34. Freud’s Psychosexual Stage 5 8.4 Adolescent Development If an individual successfully resolved conflicts in the first four stages, he will have the energy to develop loving relationships and a healthy and mature personality.
- 35. Erikson’s Psychosocial Stage 5: Identity versus Role Confusion 8.4 Adolescent Development Adolescents need to leave behind the carefree behaviors of childhood and develop the more responsible behaviors of adulthood.
- 36. 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Prenatal Development 8.3 Infant and Child Development 8.4 Adolescent Development 8.5 Adult Development L020 Describe physical and sexual changes during adulthood L021 Describe changes in cognition during adulthood L022 Describe Sternberg’s triangular theory of love L023 Discuss the process of choosing a partner and making a long-term relationship commitment L024 Describe Erikson’s psychococial theory of development as it applies to adults L025 Describe Kübler-Ross’s stage theory of the adjustment process in accepting one’s death
- 37. 1995 12.6% 2010 13.4% 2040 20.7% Aging in America 8.5 Adult Development Percentage of U.S. Population Over 65 Source: U.S. Census Bureau
- 38. Physical Changes 8.5 Adult Development
- 39. Sexual Changes 8.5 Adult Development About 57% of men and 52% of women over the age of 70 are sexually active.
- 40. Cognitive Changes 8.5 Adult Development Why is my golf game slowing down?
- 41. Social and Emotional Development – Kinds of Love 8.5 Adult Development Love Triangle Passion Commitment Intimacy Three components of love
- 42. Cohabitation 8.5 Adult Development Click on play button to launch video in QuickTime player.
- 43. Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages 8.5 Adult Development STAGE 6 INTIMACY -v- ISOLATION STAGE 7 GENERATIVITY -v- STAGNATION STAGE 8 INTEGRITY -v- DESPAIR
- 44. Death and Dying 8.5 Adult Development Dr. Kubler-Ross has outlined five stages people go through when faced with death and dying issues.
Editor's Notes
- Life Span Development is the chapter that covers human growth in three contexts: PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL (PHYSICAL) COGNITIVE (MENTAL) AND PSYCHOSOCIAL (EMOTIONAL) We will cover the human experience in this chapter from: WOMB TO TOMB.
- This animation walks us through the three stages of the Prenatal Period: The GERMINAL STAGE – covering the first 2 weeks from conception CONCEPTION is the result of a sperm fertilizing an egg. Each one contributes 23 chromosomes that result in a genetic blueprint for the creation of a human.  The EMBRYONIC STAGE – spans week 2 to week 8 and  The FETAL STAGE – from 8 weeks until birth This Animation allows us to see what happens during each of these three stages.
- TERATOGENS are chemicals and drugs that the mother ingests and get passed through the placenta to the developing fetus. They can cause any number of birth defects. FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME results from a mother drinking during pregnancy – especially in the first 12 weeks. FAS babies have specific physical and psychological abnormalities.
- Learn what infants prefer to listen to and look at.
- Watch how smell develops in infants.
- Learn how taste develops in infants.
- This video will show us how vision develops in infants.
- This video will show what motor development is like during infancy
- This one explains what motor development is like in middle childhood.
- The last one in this series shows us what motor development looks like in middle childhood.
- COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT refers to thinking processes and how we learn to understand our world. Jean Piaget, A Swiss psychologist believed that children learn using two processes: ASSIMILATION – where the child integrates previously used methods into new experiences, and ACCOMMODATION where a child alters old methods to adjust to the new situation.
- Piaget was most famous for his model of different stages in cognitive development. The first stage from birth to about 2 years is the SENSORIMOTOR STAGE when the main way children learn is through their sensory experiences. OBJECT PERMANENCE is the point when a baby begins to understand that just because something is out of sight doesn’t mean it no longer exists. This video shows how children develop object permanence.
- This video shows the PREOPERATIONAL STAGE - from 2 to 7. During this time children learn to use symbols, solve problems, and to talk about things that are not present.
- Two limitations in their cognitive abilities at this stage involve EGOCENTRIC THINKING meaning they only perceive the world from their own point of view and have difficulty taking others into consideration. And the concept of CONSERVATION that is demonstrated in this animation.
- At about 7 to 11 children progress into the CONCRETE OPERATIONAL STAGE. At this point they become capable of understanding the concept of conservation and this video will illustrate that process.
- EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT is a result of many factors that help form the TEMPERAMENT of a child. It is the relatively stable and enduring mood and emotional behaviors that can be seen very early in babies and are categorized into: 1. EASY BABIES 2. SLOW-TO-WARM 3. DIFFICULT 4. COMBINATION BABIES This video tells us more about the characteristics of children with different types of temperaments.
- ATTACHMENT is the close emotional bond that develops between infants and their caregivers. There ate SECURE ATTACHMENTS that provide the child with the ability to grow and form strong bonds with others. INSECURE ATTACHMENT is the lack of bonding to a caregiver and can be caused by many factors including neglect and abuse. These attachment styles carry over to adulthood and the ability to form meaningful relationships. This video shows infants who have secure attachment and how they respond to unfamiliar people and situations.
- Freud said we go through 5 PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES as we develop: 1. ORAL – birth to 18 months – states babies are focused on the activities that give pleasure centered on the mouth 2. ANAL – 18 months to 3 years – is all about potty training 3. PHALLIC STAGE – 3 to 6 years – focus is on the genitals 4. LATENCY STAGE – 6 to puberty – a sexually repressive stage – focus becomes centered on school and intellectual skills. Freud believed that if a child did not successfully complete each stage that they could become fixated in adulthood – for example someone who didn’t resolve oral stage my become a nail biter.
- Unlike Freud, Erikson downplayed the importance of sexuality in the first 5 years of life. He thought each stage was relevant to problems that needed to be resolved during certain ages. His stages are: 1. TRUST -v- MISTRUST – birth to 1 year 2. AUTONOMY –v- SHAME AND DOUBT – 1 to 3 years 3. INITIATIVE –v- GUILT – 3 to 5 years 4. INDUSTRY –v- INFERIORITY – 5 to 12 years
- This animation explains both Freud and Erikson’s theories and explains conflicts and problems during a child’s social development.
- Bandura’s SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY stresses the importance of learning from watching the behavior of others. Children learn to model the behaviors of those around them.
- Everyone is exposed to differing stressors in the process of growing up. VULNERABILITY refers to the psychological and environmental difficulties one encounters that put us at risk for developing problems. Some people exhibit a stronger RESILIENCY or ability to fend off difficulties. We know that having a loving and supportive caregiver can help children develop more resiliency as they grow.
- Children develop their sense of GENDER IDENTITY – the feeling of being either male or female – by a very early age, usually by 5 years old. This video shows us how young children explain what it means to be a boy or a girl.
- PUBERTY is the developmental period between 9 and 17 when significant bodily changes take place, especially involving sexual maturity. Testosterone surges in boys and facial and pubic hair begins to grow, the voice deepens and a growth spurt takes place. In girls Estrogen levels increase and the first menstrual cycle (menarche) (average age 12.5) begins.
- As teenagers we enter Piaget’s 4th stage of development called the FORMAL OPERATIONAL STAGE. It begins around 12 and lasts through adulthood. During this period we develop the ability to think in more abstract any hypothetical ways, and can view the world from someone else’s viewpoint. In this video presentation we will learn more about the cognitive abilities of people in this stage of development.
- Just because teenagers begin to look and act more like adults it is important to understand that their brains are still growing and developing. The PREFRONTAL CORTEX – involved in reasoning and decision-making is particularly still a work in progress and the LYMBIC system that is deluged by sex hormones results in teens that are not capable of making good decisions and becoming highly emotional.
- Kohlberg explained the development of moral reasoning by dividing into three stages: Level 1: Preconventional – is the lowest level – based on fear of punishment and the need to be obedient (stage 1) and is guided mostly by self-interest. (Stage 2). Level 2: Conventional - is at Stage 3 mostly concerned with conforming to social norms, and at Stage 4, conforming to laws. Level 3: Postconventional – at Stage 5 is when moral decisions are based on striking a balance between human rights and the law.  In this animation we can practice identifying the characteristics of each of Kohlberg’s stages of moral development.
- How parents raise their children plays a major role in influencing how a child develops. Baumrind describes three PARENTING STYLES: 1. AUTHORITARIAN- parents have the theory that sparing the rod spoils the child. They engage in strict rules and corporal punishment 2. AUTHORITATIVE – parents are loving, and provide structure and rules but are more supportive and allow the child to participate in making decisions. 3. PERMISSIVE – parents are non-controlling, make few demands and don’t exert any direct power. AUTORITATIVE parenting proves to be the most successful and produces the most well adjusted individuals.
- The teen years are a time when the search for a PERSONAL IDENTITY is in full force. The teen needs to break away from the parental views and develop their own sense of who they are. It is a difficult transition at best and often results in extreme experimentation with alternate life styles.
- Freud’s Psychosocial Stage 5 is the GENITILE STAGE … from puberty through adulthood. It is a time for exploring adult sexual relationships and forming lasting and meaningful bonds.
- Erikson’s Stage 5: is Identity –v- Role Confusion – from age 12 to 20 - a time when teens begin to plan for the future.
- As we can see in this graph, the population of the U.S. is beginning to age. Our life expectancies are increasing and by 2040 it is estimated that over 20% of the population will be over 65. Those numbers have significant implications for society.
- The AGING process is influenced by both genetics and environmental or life-style influences. 1.EARLY ADULTHOOD is considered to be early to mid 20’s. We are at the peak of our physical and mental skills at this stage of life. 2. MIDDLE ADULTHOOD finds us in our 30’s and 40’s beginning to decline. 3. LATE ADULTHOOD considered the 50’s and 60’s. We can know definitely see the effects of aging as our skin wrinkles and our hair grays and thins, and our motor functions decline. 4. VERY LATE ADULTHOOD is the era of the 70’s and 80’s and older. The decline and decrease in functioning is seen even more in these years. Everyone ages at a different rate with different patterns and health issues. Keeping active both mentally and physically help to delay signs of aging.
- Along with our physical decline we see decreases in related behaviors, such as sexuality.
- Between 20 & 40, cognitive skills say fairly stable, but between 40 and 80 they begin to slow somewhat. Beginning in the late 50’s we see slowing in three areas: 1. PROCESSING SPEED 2. PERCEPTUAL SPEED 3. REACTION TIME.
- The majority of adults express the desire to form meaningful relationships and eventually marry. This graphic depicts the TRIANGLUR THEORY OF LOVE – made up of the three major components in various love relationships. 1. PASSION – the strong sexual and emotional feelings 2. INTIMACY – feeling close and connected through shared experiences and communication. 3. COMMITMENT - pledging to actively maintain the relationship through good and bad times.
- People often think living together is a way to ensure success in a marriage. It is often a prelude to marriage in our culture. But amazingly COHABITATION has some other results, this Video shows some of the major findings on the topic.
- Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages in Adulthood include: STAGE 6: INTIMACY –v- ISOLATION STAGE 7: GENERATIVITY –v- STAGNATION and STAGE 8: INTEGRITY –v- DESPAIR
- Dr. Kubler-Ross has outlined the stages people go through when faced with death and dying issues. 1. DENIAL 2. ANGER 3. BARGAINING 4. DEPRESSION 5. ACCEPTACE Not everyone experiences all the stages or in this particular sequence The important thing to consider is being able to die with integrity and dignity.