1. Barbara Ostrowska
psychologist
PSYCHOLOGICAL WORKSHOPS
TARSUS, TURKEY
COMENIUS
“TO LIVE IN AGREEMENT. TOGETHER AGAINST VIOLENCE AND CONFLICTS.”
Part 3
Aim: Knowing the difference between anger, aggression and violence
Time: 60 minutes
Place: Big classroom with tables and chairs
No of participants: 30
Things needed: big sheets of paper (6 pieces), markers, small yellow sticker papers
WORK SCHEME:
Introduction
Greeting, introduction to the workshops
Main part
1. 1-2-4-8-16-32
All students are given one sheet of paper with different situations (Appendix 1). They are
asked to say which one is anger, aggression and violence. Then they consult it in couples.
Next, couples are joined together and they discuss in groups of four and so on. After
discussion with the whole group students are suppose to create definition of anger,
aggression and violence and write it on the big sheets of paper.
Info for a teacher:
Anger is an emotion/feeling. It is connected with energy accumulating when we meet any
obstacles in the way to our aim. It is common for everyone and we cannot help it coming. It is
not good or bad but we have an influence on what we do when we feel it.
Aggression is defined as a conscious, planned behavior aimed to cause harm to sb (either
physical or psychological or material). It is characterized by using physical or mental force
against sb who is equal when it comes to strength or opportunities to defend himself.

2. Barbara Ostrowska
psychologist
Aggression is a way of manifesting anger. In special
circumstances it can cause violence.
Violence is using your strength against sb who is weaker.
We are dealing with violence if the person (victim) is a
subject of negative behaviors of another person or a group of people over a longer period of
time.
2. Forms of aggression
All students are asked to name one form of aggression present in their school. All forms
are written on the big sheet of paper in the for of a sun. You can ask students how they
think it comes to such situations?
Info for a teacher:
There are several forms of aggression:
• Direct physical violence - beatings, kicking, spitting, pushing, extortion of money,
stealing, destruction of property, laughing at sb
• Direct violence, verbal and non-verbal - teasing, mocking, insulting, ridiculing,
threatening, spread gossip and slander (including SMS and Internet), showing
obscene gestures
• Indirect forms of violence - instigating others to physical or verbal attacks, stigma,
exclusion and isolation from the group
3. Fighting aggression and violence
Students are divided into 2 groups – one thinks of actions from their school that help
fighting with symptoms of aggression and violence; second one think of actions that help
performing aggressive and violent acts. Both groups write their ideas on big sheets of
paper. Discussion with the whole group.

3. Barbara Ostrowska
psychologist
Appendix 1
Decide which of those is anger, aggression or
violence.
• Whole
class laughed at Maggie.
• Two colleagues from the same class are
fighting during the break.
• The child cries and stomps his feet, when the
mother did not want to buy him a toys.
• Older boys selling things in the school shop
give too little change to smaller kids
• Groups of people send nasty text message to
Renate.
• Chris intentionally destroyed colleague’s
backpack.
• Colleagues do not allow Jared jackets hang in
the locker room, saying that it stinks.
• Hannah was so upset that she hit her fist on the
table several times.
• Colleagues have long been ignoring Martha,
pretending not to hear what she says.
• Martin showed his colleague the offensive
gesture.
• Anna got a bad grade and she was so upset she
felt sick.
• Raphael makes a photo of his colleague when
he changed his clothes before PE lesson and
puts them on the Internet.
• Al offended his girlfriend, saying unkind
things about her parents.