DETAILED DISCUSSION OF NECROTIZING FASCIITIS.
A SOFT TISSUE INFECTION. USUALLY CALLED AS FLESH EATING BACTERIAL INFECTION. CAUSED BY BACTERIA. AFFECTS THE SOFT SKIN TISSUES
12 PRINCIPLES OF ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY seminar 12.pptxsneha
This PowerPoint presentation offers a concise yet technical overview of antibiotic therapy. Dive into antibiotic mechanisms, classifications, indications, and prudent use. Master essential aspects of antibiotic therapy for informed clinical decision-making.
DETAILED DISCUSSION OF NECROTIZING FASCIITIS.
A SOFT TISSUE INFECTION. USUALLY CALLED AS FLESH EATING BACTERIAL INFECTION. CAUSED BY BACTERIA. AFFECTS THE SOFT SKIN TISSUES
12 PRINCIPLES OF ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY seminar 12.pptxsneha
This PowerPoint presentation offers a concise yet technical overview of antibiotic therapy. Dive into antibiotic mechanisms, classifications, indications, and prudent use. Master essential aspects of antibiotic therapy for informed clinical decision-making.
A patient with severe limb infection in whom the amputation was the first option.
Dr Majd Alhaddadin, Consultant General and Laparoscopic Surgeon, performed a transmetatrsal amputation with extensive tissue debridement and falp creation, followed by vacuum therapy and 2 stages wound closure. Fortunately xth limb was saved and the patient returned to his normal job.
With thw evolution of the medicine and increasing of the survival rate of cancer patients , its commonly to be seen in dental clinics. OMFS must know about their patients conditions , treatments and how to manage them in order to provide them good care and good life.
Burn and burn rehabilitation includes patho physiology of burn, types or causes of burn, acute management of burn, rehabilitation of burn, surgical management, grafting, complication of burn etc.
Necrotizing Fasciitis ppt by Dr Ahmed Zubair Abbasi.pptxahmed15505
Necrotizing fasciitis is a subset of aggressive skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) that cause necrosis of the muscle fascia and subcutaneous tissues. The infection typically travels along the fascial plane, which has a poor blood supply.
A patient with severe limb infection in whom the amputation was the first option.
Dr Majd Alhaddadin, Consultant General and Laparoscopic Surgeon, performed a transmetatrsal amputation with extensive tissue debridement and falp creation, followed by vacuum therapy and 2 stages wound closure. Fortunately xth limb was saved and the patient returned to his normal job.
With thw evolution of the medicine and increasing of the survival rate of cancer patients , its commonly to be seen in dental clinics. OMFS must know about their patients conditions , treatments and how to manage them in order to provide them good care and good life.
Burn and burn rehabilitation includes patho physiology of burn, types or causes of burn, acute management of burn, rehabilitation of burn, surgical management, grafting, complication of burn etc.
Necrotizing Fasciitis ppt by Dr Ahmed Zubair Abbasi.pptxahmed15505
Necrotizing fasciitis is a subset of aggressive skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) that cause necrosis of the muscle fascia and subcutaneous tissues. The infection typically travels along the fascial plane, which has a poor blood supply.
CDSCO and Phamacovigilance {Regulatory body in India}NEHA GUPTA
The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is India's national regulatory body for pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Operating under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, the CDSCO is responsible for approving new drugs, conducting clinical trials, setting standards for drugs, controlling the quality of imported drugs, and coordinating the activities of State Drug Control Organizations by providing expert advice.
Pharmacovigilance, on the other hand, is the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. The primary aim of pharmacovigilance is to ensure the safety and efficacy of medicines, thereby protecting public health.
In India, pharmacovigilance activities are monitored by the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI), which works closely with CDSCO to collect, analyze, and act upon data regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Together, they play a critical role in ensuring that the benefits of drugs outweigh their risks, maintaining high standards of patient safety, and promoting the rational use of medicines.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
The Gram stain is a fundamental technique in microbiology used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure. It provides a quick and simple method to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which have different susceptibilities to antibiotics
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
How to Give Better Lectures: Some Tips for Doctors
PSSR BURNS (1).pptx
1. RECENT ADVANCES IN MANAGEMENT
OF BURNS
PRESENTED BY:Dr.SHYAM SUNDER REDDY
UNIT CHIEF:Dr.N.V.N REDDY SIR
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR:Dr. LATCHU SIR
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR:Dr.MANJUSHA MAM
Dr.DEVENDER SIR
MODERATOR:Dr.PRIYANKA
2. BURNS
• Definition:
A burn is an injury to the skin or other organic tissue
caused by extremes of heat or cold,
chemicals,electricity,radiation or friction.
8. PRE HOSPITAL CARE
. Ensure rescuer safety
. Stop the burning process:Stop,Drop,Roll
• Check for other injuries.
• A standard ABC(airway,breathing,circulation) check
followed by a rapid secondary survey.
• Cool the burn wound
9. HOSPITAL CARE
• A:Airway control.
• B:Breathing and ventilation.
• C:Circulation.
• D:Disability-neurological status.
• E:Exposure with environmental control.
• F:Fluid resuscitation.
10. FLUIDS FOR RESUSCITATION
• In chidren with burns over 10% TBSA and adults with
burns over 15% TBSA,consider the need for intravenos
fluid resuscitation.
• If oral fluids are to be used,salt must be added.
• Fluids needed can be calculated from a standard
formula.
• commomly used fluids are
• 1.crystalloid:Ringer Lactate
• 2.Hypertonic saline
• 3.Human albumin
• 4.colloids resuscitation.
11. • Parkland Baxter Formula
• Most widely used.
• Formula:
• Ringer lactate-4ml *kg body weight*TBSA
% Burned
•1/2 that total amt.given first 8 hours and
•1/4 that total amt.given each next 8 hours.
12.
13. • ASSESMENT OF ADEQUACY OF FLUID REPLACEMENT
• Urine output is the most commonly used parameter.
• U/O>0.5-1.0ml/kg/hr
• Urine osmolarity is the most accurate parameter.
• CVP 5-10cm/H2O.
• U/O>2ml/kg/hr-sign of overhydration.
15. EVALUATION
• Infection of wound is a major cause of death after burns.
• Source of organisms :Both endogenous and exogenous sources.
• Bacteriology: The common organisms causing infections are
pseudomonas
aeruginosa,Escherichia,klebsiella,Proteus,Enterobacter and
Providencia.Staph aureus & group A streptococcus
pyogenes.
• Anaerobic infections are rare in burns wound.
16. • Classification of wound infection
• Non invasive
• The infection is limited to burn eschar.
• It may lead to early separation of eschar and increased
purulent discharge from the wound
• Invasive
• Defined as presence of organisms >1,00,000/gram of
tissue of the burn area and actively invading the subjacent
unburned tissues.
• This stage is reached if the burn wound remains
unproperly treated.
18. • Cliinical features
• These are general features and local signs at the site
of wound.
• General features
• 1.fever with chills.There may be hypothermia in gram
negative invasive sepsis.
• 2.Pulse is rapid and regular.it tends to become
thready in advanced stages od sespsis.
• 3.Intolerance to glucose load presensts as diarrhoea.
19. • 4.Disorientation and unresponsiveness.
• 5.Hypotension,oliguria and paralytic ileus occurs in
late stage of illness.
• 6.The infection and its systemic manifestations
may lead to multiple organ failure.This is a grave
complication with high mortality.
20. Local signs in non invasive infections
1.Eschar separates rapidly
2.Profuse purulent discharge
3.Granulations remains pink
4.No changes are obseved in the unburnedviable
tissue
21. Local signs in invasive wound infection
1.Partial thickness burns gets converted into full
thickness injury
2.Focal or generalized violaceous dark brown or black
discolouration of wound.
3.Subeschar suppuration.
4.Hemorrhagic discoloration of subeschar fat
5.Rapid sloughing of burned tissue(eschar).
22. 6.Granulation tissue becomes pale,dry and
crusted.These degenerate and form “NEOESCHAR”
7.Purplish discoloration,edema and ulceration of
unburned skin at wound margin.
8.Development of Erythema gangrenosum.
9.Vesicle formation in healing partial thickness burns.
10.Failure to take graft.
23. DIGNOSIS OF BURN WOUND SEPSIS
• In addition to clinical features,the investigation which
can help in the diagnosis of burn wound sepsis
include:
• 1.Wound biopsy
• 2.Surface culture
• 3.Blood culture
• 4.Leukocyte count
24. PREVENTION AND TREATMENT
The control of infection is carried out by following
interventions
• 1.Topical medications.
• 2.Systemic antibiotics.
• 3.Surgical management of wound.
26. Topical medication
-topical therapy has decreased the infection rate of
wound significantly.
-to be effective should be started as early as possible
after the injury and changes are made according to
the condition of wound and bacteriologic reports.
27.
28. Silver suphadiazine
- is the most commonly used topics agent in burn
wound.
- It is primarily bacteriostatic with wide spectrum of
activity.
- it decreases healing time in deep dermal
burns,prevent their conversion to full thickness and
reduces the incidence of invasive sepsis.
29. -Mafenide and silver nitrate have contributed
significantly in reducing sepsis in burns
-The existing invasiveness can be controlled by sub
eschar antibiotics and this technique results in early
separation of eschar.
-commonly gentamycin,tobramycin and kanamycin
are the drugs used in this modality.
30. SYSTEMIC ANTIBIOTICS
The use of systemic antibiotics can be either
prophylactic or therapeutic
Prophylactic
Antibiotics are used prophylactically immediately
before excision, post operatively after excision of burn
wound and at the time of skin grafting.
31. Therepeutic antibiotics
.The choice of antimicrobials and duration of
treatment is guided by clinical status,latest culture &
sensitivity of aorganisms colonizing the burn wound.
.Usually,broad spectrum antibiotics like
aminoglycosides and third generation cephalosporins
are used. And commonly used in combination.
.The antibiotic therapy if continued long,may lead to
emergence of resistant organisms and super infection.
32. Surgical management
The procedures used in the surgical manegement of
burns can be classisfied as follows:
1.Management of partial thickness burns:
(a)Tangential Excision and SSG.
(b)Tangential Excision and biological dressing.
(c)Superficial Escharectomy.
36. Immunotherapy
A killed vaccine of corynebacterium parvum improves
antimicrobial defences and clinical trials indicate substantial
reduction(80%) in bacteremic episodes.
Levamisole, has a number of immunologic properties.
Phagocytosis is increased along with random
migration,chemokinesis, and chemotaxis of normal neutrophils.
Fibronectin acts as a circulating non specific opsonin
Cryoprecipitate infusion has been shown to replenish serum
levels of fibronectin and improves serum opsonic activity.
37. .Lithium has proven useful for treatment of
granulopoietic defect in other disease styates and may
be applicable in the future.
.The use of FFP in the burn patient has resulted in
icreases in neutrophil functionalchemotactic activity.
-This lends to the use of plasma exchange and
hemodialysis in severly burned patients.
.Pyran, a synthetic anionic copolymer increases
protection against bacterial and fungal infection.
.CP-46,665 a lipoidal amine,improves phagocytosis..
38. Enhancement of cell mediated immunity
.Defect in CMI in the burn patient are accurate
predictors of subsequent sepsis and mortality.
.The most expeditious means of avoiding CMI
depression may be to perform early excison of burn
tissue.
.Early excision and grafting may markedely improve
lymphocyte function.
39. -Cyclophosphamide, an alkylating antitumour
agent,which appears to be selectively inhibit
suppresser lymphocyte proliferation when used in low
concentration may prove to be useful.
-Histamines and prostaglandins are implicated
in the stimulation of suppressor T cells,both class
inhibitors may be effective in preserving delayed
hypersensitivity responses.
-Endotoxin may activate suppressor cells,the use of
polymyxin B,which will bind and inactivate endotoxin
may prove useful.
40. Other drugs that have offered immunologic
improvement include
a)IL-2
b)Indomethacin
c)TP-5(Pentapeptide derived from thymopoietin)
d)Vit A
e)Vit E
47. Nutrition
.High protein,high calorie and low fat diet is required
for burns patient.
.EARLY ENTERAL FEEDS throug NG Tube (TBSA
15%)
-tolerated in burn patients.
-preserve mucosal integrity.
-Reduce magnitude of hypermetabolic
response
.Parenteral when enteral is not tolerated
49. Future care of burn wound
(a)Enzymatic debridement:
-it will be effective in helping to differentiate the
partial and full thickness burn wound
-it should be painless with ease of appllication and
without any untoward toxic effects.
(b) Vaccines :
-jones et al developed vaccines against
pseudomonas.
-it may help in preventing septicemia due to
massive burn wound sepsis.
50. (B)Cultured skin:
-the biologists have cultivated cells into sheets
-the culture may start from patients own cell to avoid
immunologic problems.
-drawbacks are high cost and long time
(C)Topical oxygen:
-the susceptbility to infection increases if circulation or
oxygen delivery is decreased.
-in experiments,topical oxygen promotes healing
though thicker scar is produced.
-it needs further research to be used in extensive
burns,to prevent infection and reducing healing time.