3. I must tell you first of all what
anarchism is not. It is not bombs,
disorder, or chaos. It is not robbery
or murder. It is not a war of each
against all. It is not a return to
barbarism or to the wild state of
man. Anarchism is the very opposite
of all that.
– Alexander Berkman, American
anarchist, 1929
6. Anarchism
The philosophy of a new social
order based on liberty
unrestricted by man-made law;
the theory that all forms of
government rest on violence
and are therefore wrong and
harmful, as well as unnecessary.
25. Prisoner s Dilemma
Prisoner B Stays
Silent
Prisoner B Betrays
Prisoner A Stays
Silent
Both serve six
months
Prisoner A serves ten
years
Prisoner B goes free
Prisoner A Betrays Prisoner A goes free
Prisoner B serves
ten years
Both serve two years
26. Prisoner s Dilemma
Cooperate Defect
Cooperate 3,3
Win, Win
0,5
Lose much, win
much
Defect 5,0
Win much, lose
much
1,1
Lose, lose
27. Tit-for-Tat Logic
• Nice - The most important condition is that the
strategy must be "nice", that is, it will not defect before
its opponent does.
• Retaliating - The successful strategy must not be a
blind optimist. It must always retaliate. An example of
a non-retaliating strategy is Always Cooperate. This is
a very bad choice, as "nasty" strategies will ruthlessly
exploit such softies.
• Forgiving - Successful strategies must be forgiving.
Though they will retaliate, they will once again fall
back to cooperating if the opponent does not continue
to play defects. This stops long runs of revenge and
counter-revenge, maximizing points.
• Non-envious - The last quality is being non-envious,
that is not striving to score more than the opponent
(impossible for a nice strategy, i.e., a 'nice' strategy
can never score more than the opponent).
28. Tit-for-Tat Logic
• Nice - The most important condition is that the
strategy must be "nice", that is, it will not defect before
its opponent does.
• Retaliating - The successful strategy must not be a
blind optimist. It must always retaliate. An example of
a non-retaliating strategy is Always Cooperate. This is
a very bad choice, as "nasty" strategies will ruthlessly
exploit such softies.
• Forgiving - Successful strategies must be forgiving.
Though they will retaliate, they will once again fall
back to cooperating if the opponent does not continue
to play defects. This stops long runs of revenge and
counter-revenge, maximizing points.
• Non-envious - The last quality is being non-envious,
that is not striving to score more than the opponent
(impossible for a nice strategy, i.e., a 'nice' strategy
can never score more than the opponent).
29. Tit-for-Tat Logic
• Nice - The most important condition is that the
strategy must be "nice", that is, it will not defect before
its opponent does.
• Retaliating - The successful strategy must not be a
blind optimist. It must always retaliate. An example of
a non-retaliating strategy is Always Cooperate. This is
a very bad choice, as "nasty" strategies will ruthlessly
exploit such softies.
• Forgiving - Successful strategies must be forgiving.
Though they will retaliate, they will once again fall
back to cooperating if the opponent does not continue
to play defects. This stops long runs of revenge and
counter-revenge, maximizing points.
• Non-envious - The last quality is being non-envious,
that is not striving to score more than the opponent
(impossible for a nice strategy, i.e., a 'nice' strategy
can never score more than the opponent).
30. Tit-for-Tat Logic
• Nice - The most important condition is that the
strategy must be "nice", that is, it will not defect before
its opponent does.
• Retaliating - The successful strategy must not be a
blind optimist. It must always retaliate. An example of
a non-retaliating strategy is Always Cooperate. This is
a very bad choice, as "nasty" strategies will ruthlessly
exploit such softies.
• Forgiving - Successful strategies must be forgiving.
Though they will retaliate, they will once again fall
back to cooperating if the opponent does not continue
to play defects. This stops long runs of revenge and
counter-revenge, maximizing points.
• Non-envious - The last quality is being non-envious,
that is not striving to score more than the opponent
(impossible for a nice strategy, i.e., a 'nice' strategy
can never score more than the opponent).
36. Kropotkin and Darwinism
• Does human nature demand
cooperation?
• In spite of the odds, cooperation
does occur.
• Is enlightened self-interest
explanatory enough?
– Selfish Genes
40. Of all the things which
interfere with the free activity
of the individual, which
reduce liberty and compel us
to act in ways different from
those we would choose, the
most powerful and pervasive
is the state. (Jennings)
41. The essential function of the
state is to maintain the
existing inequalities in
society…
43. Godwin: each article of property
ought to belong to the
individual whose possession of it
would yield the greatest good
for the greatest number; thus,
property should be distributed
according to claims of need.
45. The only demand that
property recognizes is its own
gluttonous appetite for
greater wealth, because
wealth means power; the
power to subdue, to crush, to
exploit, the power to enslave,
to outrage, to degrade.
- Emma Goldman
47. All voting is a sort of gaming, like
checkers, or backgammon, a playing
with right and wrong; its obligation
never exceeds that of expediency. Even
voting for the right thing does nothing
for it. A wise man will not leave the
right to the mercy of chance, nor wish it
to prevail through the power of the
majority.
- Henry David Thoreau
51. Religion! How it dominates man s mind, how it
humiliates and degrades his soul. God is
everything, man is nothing, says religion. But out
of that nothing God has created a kingdom so
despotic, so tyrannical, so cruel, so terribly
exacting that naught but gloom and tears and
blood have ruled the world since gods began.
Anarchism rouses man to rebellion against this
black monster. Break your mental fetters, says
anarchism to man, for not until you think and
judge for yourself will you get rid of the dominion
of darkness, the greatest obstacle to all progress.
- Emma Goldman
57. The highest level of individual
freedom possible for the
individual, the fulfillment of
each individual s full human
potential, while at the same
time developing human
society to the highest degree
possible.
58. Anarchism seeks the complete
development of individuality
combined with the highest
development of voluntary
association in all respects, in all
possible degrees for all
imaginable ends.
~Kropotkin
59. A few goals…
• Overthrow of the State
• End of private property
• The end of democracy
• The end of repressive social
structures and values
( transvaluation of human
values)
• Full and rewarding work and
leisure
69. Design principles for managing the commons in
the absence of a centralized authority:
• Group boundaries are clearly defined
• Rules governing the use of collective goods
are well matched to local needs and
conditions.
• Most individuals affected by these rules can
participate in modifying the rules.
• The rights of community members to devise
their own rules is respected by external
authorities.
70. • A system for monitoring members behavior exists;
the community members themselves undertake
this monitoring.
• A graduated system of sanctions is used.
• Community members have access to low-cost
conflict resolution systems.
• For CPRs that are parts of larger systems,
appropriation, provision, monitoring,
enforcement, conflict resolution and governance
activities are organized in multiple layers of nested
enterprises.
Design principles for managing the commons in
the absence of a centralized authority:
76. MojoNation s 3 major fixes:
• Cooperation is structurally
encouraged by requiring users to
contribute at least as much as they
take away.
• Queries are anonymous and
NOBODY knows where specific files
are stored.
• Swarm Distribution breaks up files
into large numbers of small segments,
distributed throughout the network.
