Proteins can be attached to a membrane in a variety of ways. How doe.pdf
•
0 likes•2 views
Proteins can be attached to a membrane in a variety of ways. How does the mode of attachment relate to their function? Solution Membrane proteins are very important for different type of cellular functions like a transport signalling pathways and cell adhesion etc…. proteins are interacting with membrane in different types Some proteins are associated with cytoplasmic face of the cell membrane; some proteins are associated with extracellular face of the plasma membrane (peripheral proteins) and integral or intrinsic proteins. Extrinsic proteins do not interact with the hydrophobic core of the phospholipids bilayer. Example porins are transmembrane proteins that play a major role in water transport Prostaglandin H2 extracellular membrane bounded protein that is associated with surface of the plasma membrane. Play major role in inflammation..
Report
Share
Report
Share
Download to read offline
Recommended
Membrane proteins
A membrane protein is a protein molecule that is attached to, or associated with the membrane of a cell or an organelle.
More than half of all proteins interact with membranes.
CELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTION
CELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTION
CELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG
I need help with this one Question 18 of 18 Sapling Learning macmill.pdf
I need help with this one Question 18 of 18 Sapling Learning macmillan earning Integral
membrane proteins have different characteristics and functions than peripheral membrane
proteins. Sort the statements into those that are properties of integral membrane proteins and
those that are properties of peripheral membrane proteins. Integral membrane proteins Peripheral
membrane proteins can move laterally (sideways) in the hydrophobic part of the membrane
found at the surface of the cell membrane reach through all or part of the membrane pump
substances across the cell membrane
Solution
Integral membrane proteins ( intrinsic proteins)
Peripheral membrane proteins, or extrinsic proteins
Mainly found either fully or partially submerged in the phospholipids bilayer of the plasma
membrane. They have hydrophobic side chains that interact with fatty acyl groups of the
membrane phospholipids, thus anchoring the protein to the membrane.
Integral proteins represent around 70% of plasma membrane proteins.
Present at the surface ie on the innermost and outermost of phospholipids bilayer. These proteins
are loosely bound to the plasma membrane either directly by interactions with polar heads of
phospholipids bilayer or indirectly by interactions with integral proteins. These proteins
constitute about 20-30 % of total membrane proteins.
Reach through all or part of the membrane (Most of the integral proteins span the entire
phospholipid bilayer -from the inner surface to the outer surface. These transmembrane proteins
contain one or more membrane-spanning domains as well as domains, from four to several
hundred residues long, extending into the aqueous medium on each side of the bilayer
Pump substances across the cell membrane (Peripheral proteins at the cytosolic face of the
plasma membrane include the cytoskeletal proteins spectrin and actin in erythrocytes and the
enzyme protein kinase C. This enzyme shuttles between the cytosol and the cytosolic face of the
plasma membrane and plays a role in signal transduction)
Can move laterally (sideways) in the hydrophobic part of the membrane. Integral proteins are
tightly bound and are directly interacting with the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane
Do not interact with the hydrophobic core in between two layers of phospholipids.
Integral membrane proteins ( intrinsic proteins)
Peripheral membrane proteins, or extrinsic proteins
Mainly found either fully or partially submerged in the phospholipids bilayer of the plasma
membrane. They have hydrophobic side chains that interact with fatty acyl groups of the
membrane phospholipids, thus anchoring the protein to the membrane.
Integral proteins represent around 70% of plasma membrane proteins.
Present at the surface ie on the innermost and outermost of phospholipids bilayer. These proteins
are loosely bound to the plasma membrane either directly by interactions with polar heads of
phospholipids bilayer or indirectly by interactions with integral proteins. These pro.
Types of receptors
Types of Receptors
Receptors are protein molecules in the target cell or on its surface that bind ligands. There are two types of receptors: internal receptors and cell-surface receptors.
Recommended
Membrane proteins
A membrane protein is a protein molecule that is attached to, or associated with the membrane of a cell or an organelle.
More than half of all proteins interact with membranes.
CELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTION
CELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTION
CELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTIONCELL MEMBRANE , RECEPTOR , DRUG
I need help with this one Question 18 of 18 Sapling Learning macmill.pdf
I need help with this one Question 18 of 18 Sapling Learning macmillan earning Integral
membrane proteins have different characteristics and functions than peripheral membrane
proteins. Sort the statements into those that are properties of integral membrane proteins and
those that are properties of peripheral membrane proteins. Integral membrane proteins Peripheral
membrane proteins can move laterally (sideways) in the hydrophobic part of the membrane
found at the surface of the cell membrane reach through all or part of the membrane pump
substances across the cell membrane
Solution
Integral membrane proteins ( intrinsic proteins)
Peripheral membrane proteins, or extrinsic proteins
Mainly found either fully or partially submerged in the phospholipids bilayer of the plasma
membrane. They have hydrophobic side chains that interact with fatty acyl groups of the
membrane phospholipids, thus anchoring the protein to the membrane.
Integral proteins represent around 70% of plasma membrane proteins.
Present at the surface ie on the innermost and outermost of phospholipids bilayer. These proteins
are loosely bound to the plasma membrane either directly by interactions with polar heads of
phospholipids bilayer or indirectly by interactions with integral proteins. These proteins
constitute about 20-30 % of total membrane proteins.
Reach through all or part of the membrane (Most of the integral proteins span the entire
phospholipid bilayer -from the inner surface to the outer surface. These transmembrane proteins
contain one or more membrane-spanning domains as well as domains, from four to several
hundred residues long, extending into the aqueous medium on each side of the bilayer
Pump substances across the cell membrane (Peripheral proteins at the cytosolic face of the
plasma membrane include the cytoskeletal proteins spectrin and actin in erythrocytes and the
enzyme protein kinase C. This enzyme shuttles between the cytosol and the cytosolic face of the
plasma membrane and plays a role in signal transduction)
Can move laterally (sideways) in the hydrophobic part of the membrane. Integral proteins are
tightly bound and are directly interacting with the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane
Do not interact with the hydrophobic core in between two layers of phospholipids.
Integral membrane proteins ( intrinsic proteins)
Peripheral membrane proteins, or extrinsic proteins
Mainly found either fully or partially submerged in the phospholipids bilayer of the plasma
membrane. They have hydrophobic side chains that interact with fatty acyl groups of the
membrane phospholipids, thus anchoring the protein to the membrane.
Integral proteins represent around 70% of plasma membrane proteins.
Present at the surface ie on the innermost and outermost of phospholipids bilayer. These proteins
are loosely bound to the plasma membrane either directly by interactions with polar heads of
phospholipids bilayer or indirectly by interactions with integral proteins. These pro.
Types of receptors
Types of Receptors
Receptors are protein molecules in the target cell or on its surface that bind ligands. There are two types of receptors: internal receptors and cell-surface receptors.
chemical composition of plasma membrane
INTRODUCTION
plasma membrane is also known as cell membrane or cytoplasm membrane.
It is the biological membrane, separates interior of the cell from the outside environment.
Selective permeable to Ions and organic molecules.
Its basic function is to protect the cell from its surroundings.
It consists of the phospholipids bilayer with embedded proteins.
Cell membranes are involved in: cell adhesion, ion conductivity and cell signaling and serve as the attachment surface for several extracellular structures.
Brief Introduction of Protein-Protein Interactions (PPIs)
For more information, please visit https://www.creative-proteomics.com/services/protein-protein-interaction-networks.htm. Protein-protein interactions play important roles in various biological processes. PPIs can be classified based on different factors, including composition, affinity, and lifetime.
My presentation on modal membranes 1
Modal membrane of the plasma membrane, part one comprising of introduction, functions, composistion lipids of the plasma membrane, biosynthesis of membrane lipids, assemly of newly synthesized lipids,modal membranes. Part 2 of the slides will updated soon.
Introduction to cell signalling
The presentation gives a brief introduction to the process of cell signalling.
Chapter 6 - Proteins Biochemistry -1- (1) (1).pptx
the biochemistry using proteins for future nutritionists
Discuss the role of proteins in membrane structure and transport of .pdf
Discuss the role of proteins in membrane structure and transport of molecules across the
membrane? (AP Biology II Free Response Question)
Solution
These three macromolecules together to form a complex phospholipid bilayer in which
periplasmic proteins are distributed in a mosaic manner. The large fluid mosaic structure is
formed from these macromolecules composed of phospholipid bilayers with protein channels for
the transport of organic & inorganic nutrients including trace metal. Normally, the essential
aspects of these structures composed of \"porins, protein channels, integral proteins” that dictate
their function for the selective permeability, diffusion of nutrients across the membrane into &
out of the cell finally to attain homeostasis
Membrane phospholipids are the molecules with hydrophillic polar heads towards the solvent
such as water whereas hydrophobic tail located towards the center of the layer and this bilayer
formed by micelles, as fatty acids possess one polar associated with another nonpolar head.
Biological lipid bilayers are composed of phospholipids to form spontaneously into bilayers
because the hydrophobic tails, which associate as \"amphiphilic phospholipids\" with hydrophilic
phosphate head. Cell membrane possesses a property known as selective permeability. Cell
membrane consists of phopholipid bilayer that also include several of the transmembrane
proteins, ion channels etc. Small, non-polar molecules with hydrophobic nature diffuse more
easily into the cell membrane. Similarly, proteins interact and assemble themselves to form
several layers of structures in our body.
Small particles are such as oxygen and CO2, urea can cross the lipid bilayer easily through
diffusion compared to glucose (channel mediated-sodium dependent transport into the cell),
amino acids (channel mediated) and various ions etc. Atoms that can form hydrogen bonding or
electrostatic interactions arranged in complementary fashion to create a hydrophobic pore.
Within the cell membrane, the tail portions (lipid region) bonded together and the head portions
(hydrophilic region) exposed into cell interior and exterior, which is very essential for the
selective permeability of cell membrane. Membrane proteins can contain several transmembrane
elements for example G-protein coupled receptors contain 7-transmembrane regions with helical
protein subunits. These membrane proteins can occupy only one side of the membrane but
majority to the internal surface & some of these proteins are in the membrane are locked into the
membrane for ligand binding via other cross-linking membrane proteins or by polar phospholipid
heads with ionic interactions. Majority of transmembrane poritens are three dimentional with
\"alpha-helical sheets\" in their structure
These proteins of mosaic model possess significant characteristics in pertinent to a lot of cellular
processes such as cell-cell signaling, cellular apoptosis followed by cell death, membrane
budding, and biol.
Bacterial Cell Ultrastructure.pptx
This presentation is based on detailed ultrastructure of bacteria.
Cell Membrane Structure-1.pptx cell outer layer
Hello there it's a chance for u to learn through this... I hope it will be helpful for you..
Which asymmetric cryptosystem is used for digital signaturesA. DE.pdf
Which asymmetric cryptosystem is used for digital signatures?
A. DES
B. SHA1
C. Diffie-Hellman
D. ECC
Solution
D. Elliptic curve cryptosystems (ECC) is an asymmetric cryptosystem created in the 1980s to
create and store digital signatures in a small amount of memory. Answer A is incorrect because
DES is a symmetric algorithm. Answer B is incorrect because SHA1 is a hashing algorithm.
Answer C is incorrect because Diffie-Hellman is used for key exchange..
Which of these theories fit into the contextual world-viewQuestio.pdf
Which of these theories fit into the contextual world-view?
Question 13 options:
Stage theories, like Piaget\'s.
Learning theories, like Skinner\'s.
Universal theories, like Bowlby\'s.
Systems theories, like Bronfenbrenner\'s.
Save
Stage theories, like Piaget\'s.
Learning theories, like Skinner\'s.
Universal theories, like Bowlby\'s.
Systems theories, like Bronfenbrenner\'s.
Solution
ANS: D. Systems theories, like Bronfenbrenner\'s.
Explanation:
Developmental psychology is mainly influenced by three major world views. They are 1.
Organismic, 2. Mechanistic and 3. contextual world views.
Contextual world views:
Development is the result of reciprocal social interactions between an active person and their
social partners from in a series of nested contexts.
Systems theories, like Bronfenbrenner\'s theory fit into the contextual world-view.
Wrong theories:
A. Stage theories, like Piaget\'s. (Organismic)
B. Learning theories, like Skinner\'s. (Mechanistic)
C. Universal theories, like Bowlby\'s. (Maturational).
More Related Content
Similar to Proteins can be attached to a membrane in a variety of ways. How doe.pdf
chemical composition of plasma membrane
INTRODUCTION
plasma membrane is also known as cell membrane or cytoplasm membrane.
It is the biological membrane, separates interior of the cell from the outside environment.
Selective permeable to Ions and organic molecules.
Its basic function is to protect the cell from its surroundings.
It consists of the phospholipids bilayer with embedded proteins.
Cell membranes are involved in: cell adhesion, ion conductivity and cell signaling and serve as the attachment surface for several extracellular structures.
Brief Introduction of Protein-Protein Interactions (PPIs)
For more information, please visit https://www.creative-proteomics.com/services/protein-protein-interaction-networks.htm. Protein-protein interactions play important roles in various biological processes. PPIs can be classified based on different factors, including composition, affinity, and lifetime.
My presentation on modal membranes 1
Modal membrane of the plasma membrane, part one comprising of introduction, functions, composistion lipids of the plasma membrane, biosynthesis of membrane lipids, assemly of newly synthesized lipids,modal membranes. Part 2 of the slides will updated soon.
Introduction to cell signalling
The presentation gives a brief introduction to the process of cell signalling.
Chapter 6 - Proteins Biochemistry -1- (1) (1).pptx
the biochemistry using proteins for future nutritionists
Discuss the role of proteins in membrane structure and transport of .pdf
Discuss the role of proteins in membrane structure and transport of molecules across the
membrane? (AP Biology II Free Response Question)
Solution
These three macromolecules together to form a complex phospholipid bilayer in which
periplasmic proteins are distributed in a mosaic manner. The large fluid mosaic structure is
formed from these macromolecules composed of phospholipid bilayers with protein channels for
the transport of organic & inorganic nutrients including trace metal. Normally, the essential
aspects of these structures composed of \"porins, protein channels, integral proteins” that dictate
their function for the selective permeability, diffusion of nutrients across the membrane into &
out of the cell finally to attain homeostasis
Membrane phospholipids are the molecules with hydrophillic polar heads towards the solvent
such as water whereas hydrophobic tail located towards the center of the layer and this bilayer
formed by micelles, as fatty acids possess one polar associated with another nonpolar head.
Biological lipid bilayers are composed of phospholipids to form spontaneously into bilayers
because the hydrophobic tails, which associate as \"amphiphilic phospholipids\" with hydrophilic
phosphate head. Cell membrane possesses a property known as selective permeability. Cell
membrane consists of phopholipid bilayer that also include several of the transmembrane
proteins, ion channels etc. Small, non-polar molecules with hydrophobic nature diffuse more
easily into the cell membrane. Similarly, proteins interact and assemble themselves to form
several layers of structures in our body.
Small particles are such as oxygen and CO2, urea can cross the lipid bilayer easily through
diffusion compared to glucose (channel mediated-sodium dependent transport into the cell),
amino acids (channel mediated) and various ions etc. Atoms that can form hydrogen bonding or
electrostatic interactions arranged in complementary fashion to create a hydrophobic pore.
Within the cell membrane, the tail portions (lipid region) bonded together and the head portions
(hydrophilic region) exposed into cell interior and exterior, which is very essential for the
selective permeability of cell membrane. Membrane proteins can contain several transmembrane
elements for example G-protein coupled receptors contain 7-transmembrane regions with helical
protein subunits. These membrane proteins can occupy only one side of the membrane but
majority to the internal surface & some of these proteins are in the membrane are locked into the
membrane for ligand binding via other cross-linking membrane proteins or by polar phospholipid
heads with ionic interactions. Majority of transmembrane poritens are three dimentional with
\"alpha-helical sheets\" in their structure
These proteins of mosaic model possess significant characteristics in pertinent to a lot of cellular
processes such as cell-cell signaling, cellular apoptosis followed by cell death, membrane
budding, and biol.
Bacterial Cell Ultrastructure.pptx
This presentation is based on detailed ultrastructure of bacteria.
Cell Membrane Structure-1.pptx cell outer layer
Hello there it's a chance for u to learn through this... I hope it will be helpful for you..
Similar to Proteins can be attached to a membrane in a variety of ways. How doe.pdf (20)
Chapter 2 Membrane proteins and movement accross the cell membrane Lesson 2.pptx
Chapter 2 Membrane proteins and movement accross the cell membrane Lesson 2.pptx
Brief Introduction of Protein-Protein Interactions (PPIs)
Brief Introduction of Protein-Protein Interactions (PPIs)
11.15 (dr. husun bano) cell signalling mechanisms 1st & 2nd
11.15 (dr. husun bano) cell signalling mechanisms 1st & 2nd
Chapter 6 - Proteins Biochemistry -1- (1) (1).pptx
Chapter 6 - Proteins Biochemistry -1- (1) (1).pptx
Discuss the role of proteins in membrane structure and transport of .pdf
Discuss the role of proteins in membrane structure and transport of .pdf
More from optokunal1
Which asymmetric cryptosystem is used for digital signaturesA. DE.pdf
Which asymmetric cryptosystem is used for digital signatures?
A. DES
B. SHA1
C. Diffie-Hellman
D. ECC
Solution
D. Elliptic curve cryptosystems (ECC) is an asymmetric cryptosystem created in the 1980s to
create and store digital signatures in a small amount of memory. Answer A is incorrect because
DES is a symmetric algorithm. Answer B is incorrect because SHA1 is a hashing algorithm.
Answer C is incorrect because Diffie-Hellman is used for key exchange..
Which of these theories fit into the contextual world-viewQuestio.pdf
Which of these theories fit into the contextual world-view?
Question 13 options:
Stage theories, like Piaget\'s.
Learning theories, like Skinner\'s.
Universal theories, like Bowlby\'s.
Systems theories, like Bronfenbrenner\'s.
Save
Stage theories, like Piaget\'s.
Learning theories, like Skinner\'s.
Universal theories, like Bowlby\'s.
Systems theories, like Bronfenbrenner\'s.
Solution
ANS: D. Systems theories, like Bronfenbrenner\'s.
Explanation:
Developmental psychology is mainly influenced by three major world views. They are 1.
Organismic, 2. Mechanistic and 3. contextual world views.
Contextual world views:
Development is the result of reciprocal social interactions between an active person and their
social partners from in a series of nested contexts.
Systems theories, like Bronfenbrenner\'s theory fit into the contextual world-view.
Wrong theories:
A. Stage theories, like Piaget\'s. (Organismic)
B. Learning theories, like Skinner\'s. (Mechanistic)
C. Universal theories, like Bowlby\'s. (Maturational).
Which of the following distinguishes prophase of meiosis I from proph.pdf
Which of the following distinguishes prophase of meiosis I from prophase of mitosis?
homologous chromosomes pair up spindle forms nuclear membrane breaks down
chromosomes become visible
Solution
In meiosis there are two successive divion occure, meiosis I(which is reduction division) and
meiosis II (similar division). While meiosis II is similar to mitosis,Meiosis I is a eventfull cell
divion, divided into 4 phases....Prophase1, metaphase 1,Anaphase 1 and telophase 1.
Prophase 1 of MEIOSIS 1 divided into following subphases- LEPTONEMA, ZYGONEMA,
PACHYNEMA, DIPLOTENE and DIAKINESIS.
In zygotene or Zygonema homologous chromosome(paternally derrived and maternally derrived)
pair and form synapse in the process of synapsis..
What is meant by primary growth What is meant by secondary growth .pdf
What is meant by primary growth? What is meant by secondary growth? What are the three
primary meristems? What tissue(s develop(s) from each? How does the distribution of the
vascular bundles differ in monocots and dicots? Monocots: Dicots: What type of tissue
comprises the bundle cap of Hellanthus? What are some differences between the xylem and the
phloem?
Solution
1. Primary growth refers to the growth that occurs due to cell divisions at the tips of roots and
shoots , which cause them to elongate and forms primary tissue.
Secondary growth refers to the one that occurs due to cell division in cambium or lateral
meristem of the plant, that allows the plant to thicken..
What to the characteristic X-ray radiation What is the originSo.pdf
What to the characteristic X-ray radiation? What is the origin?
Solution
- Characteristics x- ray radiations are emitted from heavy elements when their electrons make
transitions between the lower atomic energy levels.
- the high energy electron can also cause an electron close to the neclues in a metal atom to be
knocked out from its place
ORIGIN
Discovery. German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen is usually credited as the discoverer of x rays in
1895, because he was the first to systematically study them, though he is not the first to have
observed their effects.
Rountgen called them x rays after the mathematical symbol X for unknown.
What other blood cell related problems are often seen in patients wi.pdf
What other blood cell related problems are often seen in patients with chronic leukemia?
Citereferencesplease
Solution
The term leukemia is referred to neoplasm of hematopoietic tissue. Unlike the solid tumors the
leukemic cells diffuse into bone marrow and lymphoid tissues and spill over into blood stream to
spread to various organs of the body. The leukemic cells are either mature or extremely
primitive. Rich amounts of white blood cell counts in leukemia reveals the spread of tumors to
peripheral blood. However, the proliferation of white blood cells is mostly confined to bone
marrow and no significant increase in number of white blood cells in the blood stream can be
observed.
Leukemia is classified depending on the type of the cell and maturity of proliferating cell. Any
type of hematopoietic cell may produce leukemia but most common types are granulocytic,
monocytic and lymphocytic. The leukemia developing from stem cells produce the leukocytes
containing specific granules such as neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils. This type of
leukemia is called granulocytic leukemia. Monocytic leukemia is developed from the precursor
cells of monocytes. Lymphocytic leukemia is produced by lymphoid precursor cells.
When the leukemic cells are most primitive forms the neoplasm is called acute leukemia. The
leukemia with mature cells is called chronic leukemia. Chronic granulocyte leukemia is caused
by circulating matured granulocytes and neutrophils along with few primitive cells. Chronic
lymphocytic leukemia is caused by circulating mature lymphocytes.
The clinical features of leukemia are either caused by impairment of function of bone marrow or
caused by infiltration of leukemic cells into viscera. The overgrowth of leukemic cells in bone
marrow crowds out the normal cells leading to anemia because of inadequate production of red
blood cells. Bleeding is caused by thrombocytopenia and infection resulting from insufficient
numbers of white blood cells to provide protection by immune defense mechanism against
pathogens.
Leukemic cells spreading to other tissues may invade into spleen, liver, lymph nodes and other
tissues. The chronic leukemia proceeds at a slow rate and can be controlled by treatment over
long periods of time. Therefore, the patient may survive for several years. In an acute leukemia
the disease is rapidly progressive and leukemic cells infiltrate bone marrow and viscera with
conspicuous appearance.
1.American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts and Figures 2016. Atlanta, Ga: American Cancer
Society; 2016.
2. Byrd JC, Brown JR, O\'Brien S, et al. Ibrutinib versus ofatumumab in previously treated
chronic lymphoid leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2014 Jul 17;371(3):213-23. Epub 2014 May 31.
3. Byrd JC, Furman RR, Coutre SE, et al. Targeting BTK with ibrutinib in relapsed chronic
lymphocytic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2013 Jul 4;369(1):32-42. Epub 2013 Jun 19.
4. Byrd JC, Flynn JM. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia. In: Niederhuber JE,Armitage JO,
Doroshow .
what is inductive and deductive reasoningSolutionDeductive and.pdf
what is inductive and deductive reasoning
Solution
Deductive and Inductive Reasoning
Deductive and inductive are basically types of arguments and where argument generally supports
conclusion with premises.
Deductive reasoning is basically a type of argument which supports conclusion logically for
example arguments which are based on rules, facts, truth, laws and principles and are accepted
widely.
It is the process of reasoning which involves to draw conclusion based on the relationship of two
premises in which one assertion is broad(major premises and valid) and other is specific(minor
premises and invalid). As major premises are broad it is to be supported by values and laws.
Like for instance:
Reena is a woman
All women are mortal
Therefore it proves that reena is mortal.
It is a top to down approach.
Inductive Reasoning is basically a type of argument which supports conclusion on the basis of
judgment, pattern, trend, experience and observation. These arguments do not prove truth as
these conclusions are based on probable support. The argument which support successfully is a
strong argument whereas that fails to support is considered as weak. It is a bottom to up
approach..
What are the major evolutionary feats shared by all 3 phyla( Platyhe.pdf
What are the major evolutionary feats shared by all 3 phyla( Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, and
Annelida)? What are the implications of these evolutionary feats? What two additional
evolutionary feats are exhibited by Nemotoda? And 2 feats by Annelida?
Solution
Answer:
The major evolutionary feats shared by Platyhelminthes, Nematoda and Annelida are:
1. Level of Organization- Organ system level of organization
The organisms possesses distinct organ systems which marks the evolution of organ systems in
animals.
2. Symmetry - Bilateral
This is often a result of moving in one direction, thus having a “head” end.
3. Triploblastic
They share common body wall organization, consisting of 3 layers. Three germ layers are
evidence of slowly adapting layers of developmental control during embryogenesis as cells
specialized for greater efficiency.
Two additional evolutionary feats exhibited by Nematoda are:
1. Coelom- Pseudocoelomate
2. Digestive system -Complete
Two feats of Annelida are:
1. Segmentation - Presented
2. Circulatory system -Present.
What are some of the advantages in the use of AOA notation as oppose.pdf
What are some of the advantages in the use of AOA notation as opposed to AON? Under what
circumstances does it seem better to apply AON methodology in network development?
Solution
AOA means activity on arc. In network diagrams AOA notation uses arrow diagram where each
activity is represented by an arrow joining 2 circles (nodes). The circles or the nodes represents
the transition between activities, which are called events.
AON means activity on node. Here activities are represented by circles and the arc represents the
events.
The advantage of using AOA as opposed to AON is that AOA is more suitable for analytical
techniques. Path tracking in case of AOA is simplified by event numbering. Lastly key events
are easy to identify.
AON is better under the following circumstances:.
Verify the identity.StartFraction sine left parenthesis alpha plus.pdf
Verify the identity.
StartFraction sine left parenthesis alpha plus beta right parenthesis Over sine alpha cosine beta
EndFraction equals 1 plus cotangent alpha tangent beta
sin(+)
sincos
=1+cottan
Solution
sin(+)/sincos =1+cottan
sin( + ) = sin()cos() + cos()sin()
LHS ======> sin()cos()/sincos + cos()sin()/sincos = 1 + cot()*tan() = RHS.
Use C++class Node{public Node ( int = 0 ); constru.pdf
Use C++
class Node{
public:
Node ( int = 0 ); // constructor with default value for
// info field
int info; // data
Node * next; // pointer to next node in the list
};
and put the constructor in Node.cpp
// Constructor
Node::Node ( int data )
{
info = data;
next = nullptr;
}
Write the following using the Node class.
A function that copies a linked list pointed to by ptr and returns a pointer to the copied list.
Please note: the copied list should be independent of the original list; the original list can be
destroyed and the copy should still remain.
const Node * copy (Node * ptr);
Solution
Need to perform \'Deep copy\' here :
const Node * copy (Node * ptr)
{
//Create new list to hold copied items
Node* newNode = new Node;
//Return if empty list
if (ptr->next == 0)
{
return newNode;
}
while(ptr !=NULL)
{
newNode->info = ptr->info;
newNode->next = ptr->next;
ptr = ptr ->next;
}
return newNode;
}.
This is a lab for a java program that I am very unsure of, it has to.pdf
This is a lab for a java program that I am very unsure of, it has to do with Binary trees, and I am
very confused on how to work with them, if anyone can help I will be very grateful, thank you!!
You are to create a balanced binary tree which means that at each node n, the size of the left
subtree of n is within one of the size of the right subtree of n
Your program shall read in from user input a list of positive integers into an array (at most 100
elements). Your input stops when it reads a 0 (sentinel ).
Your program will then sort the elements in the array. You MUST write your own sort routine
You are then to create a balanced binary tree from this data.
You are then to print out your balanced tree using pre-order, in-order, and post-order routines
Requirements
1) Program must read integers from user input into an array
2) Program must sort integers with sort routine written by user
3) Program must implement a binary tree object using links (not arrays)
4) Program must implement at least methods PREORDER, INORDER, POSTORDER, ADD
(create a balanced binary search tree from the given array).
5) Output demonstrating input and output
Solution
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
class Nodetype
{
int info;
int ht;
Nodetype left;
Nodetype right;
Nodetype(int i)
{
info=i;
ht=0;
left=null;
right=null;
}
}
class Functions
{
Nodetype AVLroot;
void create()
{
int x,n,i;
AVLroot=null;
int[] a=new int[100];
String str;
int counter=0;
System.out.println(\"\ Enter numbers:\");
do
{
x=getNumber();
a[counter]=x;
counter++;
}while(x!=0);
int[] finalarr=new int[100];
finalarr=sort(a);
int tcntr=0;
while(finalarr[tcntr]!=0)
{
AVLroot=insert(AVLroot,finalarr[tcntr]);
tcntr++;
}
System.out.println(\"\ Preorder sequene:\");
preorder(AVLroot);
System.out.println(\"\ Inorder sequence:\");
inorder(AVLroot);
System.out.println(\"\ Postorder sequence:\");
postorder(AVLroot);
}
int[] sort(int[] arr)
{
int n = arr.length;
int temp = 0;
for(int i=0; i < n; i++){
for(int j=1; j < (n-i); j++){
if(arr[j-1] > arr[j]&&arr[j]!=0){
//swap elements
temp = arr[j-1];
arr[j-1] = arr[j];
arr[j] = temp;
}
}
}
return (arr);
}
int getNumber()
{
String str;
int ne=0;
InputStreamReader input=new InputStreamReader(System.in);
BufferedReader in=new BufferedReader(input);
try
{
str=in.readLine();
ne=Integer.parseInt(str);
}
catch(Exception e)
{
System.out.println(\"\ I/O error.\");
}
return ne;
}
Nodetype insert(Nodetype T,int x)
{
if(T==null)
{
Nodetype node=new Nodetype(x);
T=node;
}
else
if(x>T.info)
{
T.right=insert(T.right,x);
if(BF(T)==-2)
if(x>T.right.info)
T=RR(T);
else
T=RL(T);
}
else
if(xrh)
return(lh);
return(rh);
}
Nodetype rotateright(Nodetype x)
{
Nodetype y;
y=x.left;
x.left=y.right;
y.right=x;
x.ht=height(x);
y.ht=height(y);
return(y);
}
Nodetype rotateleft(Nodetype x)
{
Nodetype y;
y=x.right;
x.right=y.left;
y.left=x;
x.ht=height(x);
y.ht=height(y);
return(y);
}
Nodetype RR(Nodetype T)
{
T=rotateleft(T);
return(T);
}
Nodetype LL(Nodetype T)
{
T=rotateright(T);
return(T);
.
The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today is about .pdf
The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today is about Select one: a. 170 parts
per million. b. 300 parts per million. c. 400 parts per million d. 800 parts per million. How
would a shift in land use from forest to agriculture affect atmospheric carbon dioxide? Select
one: a. It would have no effect. b. It would result in a large release of CO_2 c. It would result
in a decrease in release of CO_2 d. Neither forests nor crops contribute significantly to
atmospheric carbon dioxide Charles Keeling chose to monitor atmospheric carbon dioxide levels
at Mauna Loa Observatory because Select one: a. uptake of carbon dioxide would be greatest in
warm tropical forests b. it was located far from industrial sources of pollution that might make
interpretation of the data more difficult c. the climate in Hawaii was very different from the
climate of Big Sur (California) where he did his previous work on carbon dioxide d. the relative
contribution of fossil fue
Solution
The concentration of carbondioxide in the atmosphere today is around 400 Parts per million
(ppm). The safe level of carbondioxide in atmosphere is around 350ppm. The shift in land use
from forest to agrivulture results in large release of carbondioxide in atmosphere. Also release of
other greenhouse gasses results in global warming. Its because of the relative contribution of
fossil fuel burning to the release of atmospheric carbondioxide was debated. Its one of the major
reason for the increase in global warminh..
Research and discuss two operating systems and how incident response.pdf
Research and discuss two operating systems and how incident response processes may differ in
properly shutting down the systems for transport to the laboratory.
Solution
Computer Incident Response and Computer Forensics Overview carried out in different
operating system. As follows below:
Introduction
When a compromise of security or an unauthorized/illegal action associated with a
computer is suspected, it is important that steps are taken to ensure the protection of the
data within the computer and/or storage media. The stored data is needed to determine
the level of security compromise and location of potential evidence concerning the
unauthorized or illegal act.
The initial response to a computer security incident may be more important than later
technical analysis of the computer system because of the actions taken by incident
response team members. Actions taken by the incident response team impact subsequent
laboratory examinations of the computer and/or media. Of most importance is that the
first responder act appropriately.
In the event of a suspected computer incident, care must be taken to preserve evidence in
its original state. While it may seem that simply viewing files on a system would not
result in alteration of the original media, opening a file changes it. From a legal sense, it
is no longer the original evidence and may be inadmissible in any subsequent legal or
administrative proceedings.
This paper will focus on the incident response and computer forensics on the personal or
desktop computers. The incident response and forensic procedures and techniques for
servers may additional knowledge and tools.
Incident Response
Every organization should have an incident response team. This team may consist of one
person in an organization or several persons. In the event of suspected computer crime or
violations of user policies, the team should be activated. The team should have written
procedures for incident response, including what conditions warrant calling in local
and/or federal law enforcement authorities. Violations of user policies may result in
administrative actions whereas suspected computer crimes may require that law
enforcement authorities be called in. The incident team needs to protect evidence for
either situation. For administrative actions, the procedures described in this paper may be
sufficient. However, for suspected computer crimes, the law enforcement officials may
instruct the incident team to wait for their arrival.
The activities/procedures for securing a suspected computer incident scene include
· Securing the scene
· Shutting down the computer
· Labeling the evidence
· Documenting the evidence
· Transporting the evidence
· Providing chain-of-custody documentation
The computer incident response team should keep in mind that what begins as a
collection of evidence for violation of administrative policy violations may escalate into
collection of evidence for more serious violations. The computer may hav.
Problem 1-What is environmental engineering (20 pts) Below you wil.pdf
Problem 1-What is environmental engineering? (20 pts) Below you will see a list of four
different scenarios which to field of environmental engineering. For each one of ihena may
involve the area you need (1) Write out if th have defined it in our course e scenario involves
environmental engineering as wo for (1) by explaining what area of environmental engineering
the scenario fits into and why decide YES, the scenario does involve the field of specific an
environmental engineering, then describe something environmental engineer might do as part o
scenario. If you decide scendor of environmental engineering. you do not have to do anything t f
their job in thot e NQ, the scenario does not involve the field this step. northern Scenario 1:
Unsustainable deforestation in an old growth Canadian forest the Congo. Scenario 3: Assessment
of the level of exposure of indoor air pollutants in a school building for children that go to the
school. Scenario 4: Assisting a Native American tribe in legal arguments to justity to a state
court that their water rights are being violated. Scenario 2: Right handling of acid mine water
drainage for a gold mine in
Solution
1.
1.At 0.02% of its forested area, deforestation in Canada is among the world’s lowest, yet many
myths exist about the state of our forests. The reality is that Canada is a world leader in
sustainable forest management. Canadian forests are healthy, productive and thriving.
Deforestation is an important issue, since shrinking forest cover reduces biodiversity, affects soil
and water quality, impacts wildlife habitat and influences climate change. The Canadian
government carefully monitors and regularly publishes reports on deforestation. Our scientists
combine satellite and aerial images with information about regional development, forest
ecosystems, natural processes and local conditions to help monitor and manage the health of
Canadian forests.
Here are some key facts about Canada’s low levels of deforestation.
The annual deforestation rate in Canada in 2010 was less than 0.02% of our forests and the rate
has been declining for over 25 years. In 1990, 63,100 hectares were lost to deforestation and in
2014 this figure dropped to 34,200 hectares.
Today, Canada’s 348 million hectares of forest lands represent about 9% of the world’s forest
cover, but account for only 0.3% of global deforestation.
Deforestation only occurs when forests are permanently removed so the land can be used for
something else. Harvesting, forest fires and insect infestations do not constitute deforestation,
since the affected areas will grow back. According to laws, regulations and policies in place
across Canada, all areas harvested on public land must be reforested, either by replanting or
through natural regeneration. About 94% of Canada’s forests are on public land.
The conversion of forest to agricultural land is decreasing but it remains the largest contributor to
deforestation in Canada. The small contribution the.
NetWork Design Question2.) How does TCP prevent Congestion Dicuss.pdf
NetWork Design Question
2.) How does TCP prevent Congestion? Dicuss the information identifying congestion in the
network as well as the mechanism for reducing congestion?
Solution
Congestion is a problem that occurs on shared networks when multiple users contend for access
to the same resources (bandwidth, buffers, and queues).
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) uses a network congestion-avoidance algorithm that
includes various aspects of an additive increase/multiplicative decrease (AIMD) scheme, with
other schemes such as slow-start to achieve congestion avoidance.
The TCP congestion-avoidance algorithm is the primary basis for congestion control in the
Internet.
Congestion typically occurs where multiple links feed into a single link, such as where internal
LANs are connected to WAN links. Congestion also occurs at routers in core networks where
nodes are subjected to more traffic than they are designed to handle.
TCP/IP networks such as the Internet are especially susceptible to congestion because of their
basic connection- less nature. There are no virtual circuits with guaranteed bandwidth. Packets
are injected by any host at any time, and those packets are variable in size, which make
predicting traffic patterns and providing guaranteed service impossible. While connectionless
networks have advantages, quality of service is not one of them.
Shared LANs such as Ethernet have their own congestion control mechanisms in the form of
access controls that prevent multiple nodes from transmitting at the same time.
Identifying:
Congestion is primarily reflected by a conventional user feeling-- slowness. This statement
reflects the change in the network effective flow, that is the time required to transmit an entire
data from one point to another. The effective flow doenot exist as such, it consists in reality of
three seperate indicators:
*Latency:the effective flow is inversely proportional to the latency.
*Jitter:it is latency variation over time, impacts by influencing the flow latency
*Loss Rate:the theoritical bandwidth is inversely proportional to the square root of the loss rate
These Congestion symtoms allow us to rely on objective indicators to characterize it.
Mechanism to reduce congestion:
The standard fare in TCP implementations today has four standard congestion control algorithms
that are now in common use. Their usefulness has passed the test of time.
The four algorithms, Slow Start, Congestion Avoidance, Fast Retransmit and Fast Recovery are
described below. (a) Slow Start
Slow Start, a requirement for TCP software implementations is a mechanism used by the sender
to control the transmission rate, otherwise known as sender-based flow control. This is
accomplished through the return rate of acknowledgements from the receiver. In other words, the
rate of acknowledgements returned by the receiver determine the rate at which the sender can
transmit data. When a TCP connection first begins, the Slow Start algorithm initializes a
.
Mosses and liverworts are early colonizers during ecological success.pdf
Mosses and liverworts are early colonizers during ecological succession and make the
environment more amenable for other species. How do these plants contribute to nitrogen levels
in the soil?
Solution
Answer:
Mosses and liverworts have been found to be the first organisms to colonize either a primary
succession or secondary succession. Their spores are carried by birds, insects or wind.
Studies indicate that mosses and liverworts make the soil more amenable to colonization by other
plants. This can be attributed to the fact that mosses and liverworts establish symbiotic
association with nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria, thus replenishing the soil with nitrogen..
Many programming languages, especially older ones, provide no langua.pdf
Many programming languages, especially older ones, provide no language support for
concurrency. C and C++ are examples of such languages. Is it essential that a language include
syntax for concurrency to be able to write concurrent programs in that language? If not, how is it
accomplished? What are the advantages and disadvantages of including support for concurrency
in a language?
Solution
Advantages:
1).Although the tasks are running and the user can relate with the applications.
2).It has the availability of services. means long running the tasks will not delay tiny running
ones.
3). complex programs make better use of many resources.
4).tasks are requiring certain pre conditions can hang and wait untill the pre conditions are seize
and then restart implementation properly.
Disadvantages:
1). a chance of corrupting consistent state of program by concurrent tasks.
2).Deadlock may occur.
3).It would be masters exponential number of interleavings due to different schedules..
Inferior nasal concha Lacrimal bone Mandible Maxilla Nasal bone .pdf
Inferior nasal concha Lacrimal bone Mandible Maxilla Nasal bone Palatine bone Vomer
bone Zygomatic bone Forms bridge of nose Only movable bone in the facial skeleton Contains
coronoid process Creates prominence of cheek inferior and lateral to the eye Contains sockets
of upper teeth Forms inferior portion of nasal septum Forms anterior portion of zygomatic arch
Scroll-shaped bone in nasal passage Forms anterior roof of mouth Contains mental foramen
Forms posterior roof of mouth Small bone in medial wall of orbit Forms a very small portion of
inferior orbit Contains large sinus inferior to orbit
Solution.
import java.util.;public class Program{public static void.pdf
import java.util.*;
public class Program
{
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
String x=\"X\";
int amount;
System.out.println(\"Enter amount\");
amount=input.nextInt();
System.out.println(\"Amount is: \"+amount);
for(int i=1; i<=amount; i++)
{
System.out.println(x);
for(int j=1; j<=i; j++)
{
System.out.print(x);
}
}
}
}
Why does It print out the last set of X\'s twice? I am doing basic Java so please try to explain
using the most basic codes.
import java.util.*;
public class Program
{
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
String x=\"X\";
int amount;
System.out.println(\"Enter amount\");
amount=input.nextInt();
System.out.println(\"Amount is: \"+amount);
for(int i=1; i<=amount; i++)
{
System.out.println(x);
for(int j=1; j<=i; j++)
{
System.out.print(x);
}
}
}
}
Why does It print out the last set of X\'s twice? I am doing basic Java so please try to explain
using the most basic codes.
import java.util.*;
public class Program
{
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
String x=\"X\";
int amount;
System.out.println(\"Enter amount\");
amount=input.nextInt();
System.out.println(\"Amount is: \"+amount);
for(int i=1; i<=amount; i++)
{
System.out.println(x);
for(int j=1; j<=i; j++)
{
System.out.print(x);
}
}
}
}
Why does It print out the last set of X\'s twice? I am doing basic Java so please try to explain
using the most basic codes.
Solution
Hi,
I have modified the code. it is working as expected now. Highlighted the code changes below.
Issue here is with you have written this statement twice System.out.println(x); which causes the
issue.
Program.java
import java.util.*;
public class Program
{
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
String x=\"X\";
int amount;
System.out.println(\"Enter amount\");
amount=input.nextInt();
System.out.println(\"Amount is: \"+amount);
for(int i=1; i<=amount; i++)
{
System.out.println();
for(int j=1; j<=i; j++)
{
System.out.print(x);
}
}
}
}
Output:
Enter amount
10
Amount is: 10
X
XX
XXX
XXXX
XXXXX
XXXXXX
XXXXXXX
XXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXX.
More from optokunal1 (20)
Which asymmetric cryptosystem is used for digital signaturesA. DE.pdf
Which asymmetric cryptosystem is used for digital signaturesA. DE.pdf
Which of these theories fit into the contextual world-viewQuestio.pdf
Which of these theories fit into the contextual world-viewQuestio.pdf
Which of the following distinguishes prophase of meiosis I from proph.pdf
Which of the following distinguishes prophase of meiosis I from proph.pdf
What is meant by primary growth What is meant by secondary growth .pdf
What is meant by primary growth What is meant by secondary growth .pdf
What to the characteristic X-ray radiation What is the originSo.pdf
What to the characteristic X-ray radiation What is the originSo.pdf
What other blood cell related problems are often seen in patients wi.pdf
What other blood cell related problems are often seen in patients wi.pdf
what is inductive and deductive reasoningSolutionDeductive and.pdf
what is inductive and deductive reasoningSolutionDeductive and.pdf
What are the major evolutionary feats shared by all 3 phyla( Platyhe.pdf
What are the major evolutionary feats shared by all 3 phyla( Platyhe.pdf
What are some of the advantages in the use of AOA notation as oppose.pdf
What are some of the advantages in the use of AOA notation as oppose.pdf
Verify the identity.StartFraction sine left parenthesis alpha plus.pdf
Verify the identity.StartFraction sine left parenthesis alpha plus.pdf
Use C++class Node{public Node ( int = 0 ); constru.pdf
Use C++class Node{public Node ( int = 0 ); constru.pdf
This is a lab for a java program that I am very unsure of, it has to.pdf
This is a lab for a java program that I am very unsure of, it has to.pdf
The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today is about .pdf
The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today is about .pdf
Research and discuss two operating systems and how incident response.pdf
Research and discuss two operating systems and how incident response.pdf
Problem 1-What is environmental engineering (20 pts) Below you wil.pdf
Problem 1-What is environmental engineering (20 pts) Below you wil.pdf
NetWork Design Question2.) How does TCP prevent Congestion Dicuss.pdf
NetWork Design Question2.) How does TCP prevent Congestion Dicuss.pdf
Mosses and liverworts are early colonizers during ecological success.pdf
Mosses and liverworts are early colonizers during ecological success.pdf
Many programming languages, especially older ones, provide no langua.pdf
Many programming languages, especially older ones, provide no langua.pdf
Inferior nasal concha Lacrimal bone Mandible Maxilla Nasal bone .pdf
Inferior nasal concha Lacrimal bone Mandible Maxilla Nasal bone .pdf
import java.util.;public class Program{public static void.pdf
import java.util.;public class Program{public static void.pdf
Recently uploaded
Introduction to Quality Improvement Essentials
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdf
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdf
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Unit 2- Research Aptitude (UGC NET Paper I).pdf
This slide describes the research aptitude of unit 2 in the UGC NET paper I.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS Module
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptx
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Supporting (UKRI) OA monographs at Salford.pptx
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI funded books
Wednesday 22 May 2024, 14:00-15:00.
Polish students' mobility in the Czech Republic
Polish students mobility to the Czech Republic within eTwinning project "Medieval adventures with Marco Polo"
The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
This Presentation in details discusses on Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Chapter 3 - Islamic Banking Products and Services.pptx
Chapter 3 - Islamic Banking Products and Services.pptxMohd Adib Abd Muin, Senior Lecturer at Universiti Utara Malaysia
This slide is prepared for master's students (MIFB & MIBS) UUM. May it be useful to all.Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdf
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Cambridge International AS A Level Biology Coursebook - EBook (MaryFosbery J...
for studentd in cabridge board
Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
Answers to Home assignment on UV-Visible spectroscopy: Calculation of wavelength of UV-Visible absorption
Recently uploaded (20)
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdf
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdf
Basic phrases for greeting and assisting costumers
Basic phrases for greeting and assisting costumers
The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Chapter 3 - Islamic Banking Products and Services.pptx
Chapter 3 - Islamic Banking Products and Services.pptx
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdf
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdf
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
Cambridge International AS A Level Biology Coursebook - EBook (MaryFosbery J...
Cambridge International AS A Level Biology Coursebook - EBook (MaryFosbery J...
Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
Proteins can be attached to a membrane in a variety of ways. How doe.pdf
- 1. Proteins can be attached to a membrane in a variety of ways. How does the mode of attachment relate to their function? Solution Membrane proteins are very important for different type of cellular functions like a transport signalling pathways and cell adhesion etc…. proteins are interacting with membrane in different types Some proteins are associated with cytoplasmic face of the cell membrane; some proteins are associated with extracellular face of the plasma membrane (peripheral proteins) and integral or intrinsic proteins. Extrinsic proteins do not interact with the hydrophobic core of the phospholipids bilayer. Example porins are transmembrane proteins that play a major role in water transport Prostaglandin H2 extracellular membrane bounded protein that is associated with surface of the plasma membrane. Play major role in inflammation.