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Mosses and liverworts are early colonizers during ecological succession and make the
environment more amenable for other species. How do these plants contribute to nitrogen levels
in the soil?
Solution
Answer:
Mosses and liverworts have been found to be the first organisms to colonize either a primary
succession or secondary succession. Their spores are carried by birds, insects or wind.
Studies indicate that mosses and liverworts make the soil more amenable to colonization by other
plants. This can be attributed to the fact that mosses and liverworts establish symbiotic
association with nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria, thus replenishing the soil with nitrogen.

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