Protein Synthesis PPT.pptx
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Protein synthesis is a two-step process of transcription and translation. In transcription, DNA in the nucleus is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA) which carries the genetic code out of the nucleus. In translation, transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules match amino acids to the mRNA codons and join the amino acids together to form a protein. The mRNA meets with ribosomes in the cytoplasm where tRNA brings amino acids to be polymerized into proteins according to the DNA instructions carried in the mRNA. Proteins perform important functions in the body such as fighting disease, building tissues, acting as enzymes, and forming cell membranes.
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Protein Synthesis PPT.pptx
Proteins are essential components of living things that are made up of combinations of 20 different amino acids. Protein synthesis involves two main steps: transcription and translation. In transcription, DNA in the nucleus is used as a template to make messenger RNA (mRNA). The mRNA then leaves the nucleus and attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm. In translation, transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids to the ribosome based on the mRNA codons. The amino acids are joined together to form a protein chain based on the DNA instructions carried by the mRNA.
Protein Synthesis.pptx
Proteins are composed of amino acids and are essential to living organisms. They are manufactured through a two-step process of transcription and translation. In transcription, DNA in the nucleus is copied into mRNA which carries the genetic code out of the nucleus. In translation, mRNA attaches to ribosomes where tRNA brings amino acids to be joined together into a protein chain according to the mRNA codons. There are 20 amino acids that make up all proteins through different combinations specified by the genetic code.
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Protein synthesis involves two main steps - transcription and translation. In transcription, the DNA code is copied into mRNA. The mRNA then leaves the nucleus and attaches to ribosomes. In translation, tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome where they are linked together according to the mRNA code to form a polypeptide chain, which later folds into a functional protein. There are three types of RNA involved - mRNA carries the DNA code, rRNA assists in protein assembly, and tRNA transports amino acids.
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Protein synthesis involves two main steps: transcription and translation. In transcription, DNA is used as a template to make messenger RNA (mRNA) which carries the genetic code out of the nucleus. In translation, transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules match amino acids to the mRNA code on ribosomes to produce proteins according to the DNA's instructions. Quality control mechanisms like codon-anticodon interactions and elongation factors ensure the correct amino acids are joined in the proper sequence.
Protein-Synthesis.pptx
This document discusses protein synthesis through DNA and RNA. It begins by explaining how DNA stores instructions for making proteins through genes located on chromosomes. The building blocks of nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA, are described. The three main types of RNA - rRNA, mRNA, and tRNA - are introduced along with their roles in protein synthesis. The 20 amino acids that serve as building blocks for proteins are also listed. The document then outlines the three main steps of protein synthesis: transcription of DNA to mRNA, translation of mRNA to amino acids by ribosomes, and protein folding. Examples are provided to illustrate each step of the protein synthesis process.
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS. PPT .pptx
This document summarizes the process of protein synthesis and processing. It begins with an overview that proteins are composed of amino acids and are made by ribosomes. It then describes the two main steps: 1) Transcription, where DNA is copied into mRNA in the nucleus. 2) Translation, where the mRNA code is decoded by ribosomes in the cytoplasm to form a protein chain out of amino acids brought in by tRNA. The document provides details on how each step works, including enzymes involved in transcription and the base-pairing between mRNA codons and tRNA anticodons to assemble the protein chain.
Protein Synthesis.pptx
DNA contains genes that code for proteins. During transcription, mRNA is synthesized using DNA as a template. mRNA then directs protein synthesis during translation. Translation occurs in the ribosome and involves tRNA, rRNA, and amino acids. The mRNA codons are read three bases at a time by tRNA which brings the corresponding amino acids. The amino acids are linked together to form a polypeptide chain until a stop codon is reached, terminating translation.
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Protein Synthesis PPT.pptx
Proteins are essential components of living things that are made up of combinations of 20 different amino acids. Protein synthesis involves two main steps: transcription and translation. In transcription, DNA in the nucleus is used as a template to make messenger RNA (mRNA). The mRNA then leaves the nucleus and attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm. In translation, transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids to the ribosome based on the mRNA codons. The amino acids are joined together to form a protein chain based on the DNA instructions carried by the mRNA.
Protein Synthesis.pptx
Proteins are composed of amino acids and are essential to living organisms. They are manufactured through a two-step process of transcription and translation. In transcription, DNA in the nucleus is copied into mRNA which carries the genetic code out of the nucleus. In translation, mRNA attaches to ribosomes where tRNA brings amino acids to be joined together into a protein chain according to the mRNA codons. There are 20 amino acids that make up all proteins through different combinations specified by the genetic code.
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Protein synthesis involves two main steps - transcription and translation. In transcription, the DNA code is copied into mRNA. The mRNA then leaves the nucleus and attaches to ribosomes. In translation, tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome where they are linked together according to the mRNA code to form a polypeptide chain, which later folds into a functional protein. There are three types of RNA involved - mRNA carries the DNA code, rRNA assists in protein assembly, and tRNA transports amino acids.
Protein Synthesis PPT Translation and Transcription.pptx
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Protein-Synthesis.pptx
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This document summarizes the process of protein synthesis and processing. It begins with an overview that proteins are composed of amino acids and are made by ribosomes. It then describes the two main steps: 1) Transcription, where DNA is copied into mRNA in the nucleus. 2) Translation, where the mRNA code is decoded by ribosomes in the cytoplasm to form a protein chain out of amino acids brought in by tRNA. The document provides details on how each step works, including enzymes involved in transcription and the base-pairing between mRNA codons and tRNA anticodons to assemble the protein chain.
Protein Synthesis.pptx
DNA contains genes that code for proteins. During transcription, mRNA is synthesized using DNA as a template. mRNA then directs protein synthesis during translation. Translation occurs in the ribosome and involves tRNA, rRNA, and amino acids. The mRNA codons are read three bases at a time by tRNA which brings the corresponding amino acids. The amino acids are linked together to form a polypeptide chain until a stop codon is reached, terminating translation.
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Study Resources:
1. Chapter 3, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 1, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
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The document summarizes the process of protein synthesis. It begins with DNA containing the genetic code in the nucleus. Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries a copy of the genetic code from DNA out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm. In the cytoplasm, transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomes use the mRNA code to link amino acids together to form proteins according to the sequence specified by the DNA.
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Protein synthesis is a multi-step process where DNA is transcribed into mRNA in the nucleus, which is then transported to the cytoplasm and translated into a protein based on the mRNA sequence. Specifically, transcription involves RNA polymerase copying the DNA sequence into mRNA. The mRNA is then edited before being translated by ribosomes into a protein chain through codon-anticodon base pairing between mRNA and tRNA, which brings amino acids in the specified order.
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gene expression.ppt
Gene expression involves two main steps - transcription and translation. During transcription, DNA is copied into mRNA with the help of RNA polymerase. Translation then uses the mRNA to assemble amino acids into proteins with the help of tRNA and rRNA. The genetic code uses three-letter codons in DNA and mRNA to specify each amino acid. However, the relationship between genes and traits is complex as multiple factors influence gene expression.
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To produce enzyme in large quantities.
Eliminate the need for co factor in enzymatic reaction.
Change substrate binding sites to increase specificity.
Change the thermal tolerance and pH stability.
Increase protein resistance to proteases.
To produce biological compounds.
Investigate how desired mutations can be introduced into a cloned gene
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DNA contains the genetic blueprint and is made up of nucleotides. It exists as a double helix and replicates via enzymes that separate the strands. RNA is similar but contains ribose, uracil instead of thymine, and is single-stranded. There are three types of RNA involved in protein synthesis - mRNA carries DNA instructions to the ribosome, rRNA assists in protein assembly at the ribosome, and tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome. Translation of DNA to protein occurs in two steps: transcription of DNA to mRNA in the nucleus, and translation of mRNA to protein at the ribosome in the cytoplasm via transfer of amino acids.
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lecture3geneticcontrolcellreproduction-180702011658.pdf
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Mechanics:- Simple and Compound Pendulum
a compound pendulum is a physical system with a more complex structure than a simple pendulum, incorporating its mass distribution and dimensions into its oscillatory motion around a fixed axis. Understanding its dynamics involves principles of rotational mechanics and the interplay between gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy. Compound pendulums are used in various scientific and engineering applications, such as seismology for measuring earthquakes, in clocks to maintain accurate timekeeping, and in mechanical systems to study oscillatory motion dynamics.
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To produce enzyme in large quantities.
Eliminate the need for co factor in enzymatic reaction.
Change substrate binding sites to increase specificity.
Change the thermal tolerance and pH stability.
Increase protein resistance to proteases.
To produce biological compounds.
Investigate how desired mutations can be introduced into a cloned gene
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The document summarizes genetic control of protein synthesis, cell function, and cell reproduction. It describes how genes control heredity and cell functions through DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis. The process of transcription and translation are explained, as well as the roles of different types of RNA and ribosomes. Genetic and enzyme regulation control cell activities. Cell reproduction begins with DNA replication and continues through the stages of mitosis to divide the cell into two daughter cells. Growth factors and other mechanisms regulate cell growth and reproduction.
lecture3geneticcontrolcellreproduction-180702011658.pdf
The document summarizes genetic control of protein synthesis, cell function, and cell reproduction. It describes how genes control heredity and cell functions through DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis. The process of transcription and translation are explained, where DNA is transcribed to RNA which is then translated to form proteins. Cell reproduction begins with DNA replication, followed by mitosis where the cell splits into two daughter cells with identical DNA. Gene expression and enzyme regulation control cell activities and functions. Growth factors also regulate cell growth and reproduction.
27 28 105 fa13 transcription and translation skel
The document summarizes transcription and translation in bacteria and eukaryotes. It describes the central dogma where DNA is transcribed into mRNA which is translated into protein. Transcription involves initiation, elongation, and termination. Translation involves initiator tRNAs bringing amino acids to the ribosome where they are linked together into a polypeptide chain. Eukaryotic transcription and translation are more complex than prokaryotes with mRNA processing and separate transcription/translation.
Anatomy and Physiology RNA and Proteins
Gene expression is the process by which the information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. There are two main types of RNA - messenger RNA and transfer RNA - that are involved in reading instructions from DNA and assembling amino acids to make proteins. The process of gene expression involves transcription of DNA into mRNA in the cell nucleus, which is then read by ribosomes during translation to produce proteins from the instructions provided in the mRNA.
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GENETIC CONTROL OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS, CELL FUNCTION.pptx
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lecture3geneticcontrolcellreproduction-180702011658.pdf
lecture3geneticcontrolcellreproduction-180702011658.pdf
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一比一原版美国佩斯大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国佩斯大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
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Mechanics:- Simple and Compound Pendulum
a compound pendulum is a physical system with a more complex structure than a simple pendulum, incorporating its mass distribution and dimensions into its oscillatory motion around a fixed axis. Understanding its dynamics involves principles of rotational mechanics and the interplay between gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy. Compound pendulums are used in various scientific and engineering applications, such as seismology for measuring earthquakes, in clocks to maintain accurate timekeeping, and in mechanical systems to study oscillatory motion dynamics.
Discovery of Merging Twin Quasars at z=6.05
We report the discovery of two quasars at a redshift of z = 6.05 in the process of merging. They were
serendipitously discovered from the deep multiband imaging data collected by the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC)
Subaru Strategic Program survey. The quasars, HSC J121503.42−014858.7 (C1) and HSC J121503.55−014859.3
(C2), both have luminous (>1043 erg s−1
) Lyα emission with a clear broad component (full width at half
maximum >1000 km s−1
). The rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) absolute magnitudes are M1450 = − 23.106 ± 0.017
(C1) and −22.662 ± 0.024 (C2). Our crude estimates of the black hole masses provide log 8.1 0. ( ) M M BH = 3
in both sources. The two quasars are separated by 12 kpc in projected proper distance, bridged by a structure in the
rest-UV light suggesting that they are undergoing a merger. This pair is one of the most distant merging quasars
reported to date, providing crucial insight into galaxy and black hole build-up in the hierarchical structure
formation scenario. A companion paper will present the gas and dust properties captured by Atacama Large
Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations, which provide additional evidence for and detailed measurements of
the merger, and also demonstrate that the two sources are not gravitationally lensed images of a single quasar.
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Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
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seed production, Nursery & Gardening.pdf
This presentation offers a general idea of the structure of seed, seed production, management of seeds and its allied technologies. It also offers the concept of gene erosion and the practices used to control it. Nursery and gardening have been widely explored along with their importance in the related domain.
SDSS1335+0728: The awakening of a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole⋆
Context. The early-type galaxy SDSS J133519.91+072807.4 (hereafter SDSS1335+0728), which had exhibited no prior optical variations during the preceding two decades, began showing significant nuclear variability in the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) alert stream from December 2019 (as ZTF19acnskyy). This variability behaviour, coupled with the host-galaxy properties, suggests that SDSS1335+0728 hosts a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole (BH) that is currently in the process of ‘turning on’. Aims. We present a multi-wavelength photometric analysis and spectroscopic follow-up performed with the aim of better understanding the origin of the nuclear variations detected in SDSS1335+0728. Methods. We used archival photometry (from WISE, 2MASS, SDSS, GALEX, eROSITA) and spectroscopic data (from SDSS and LAMOST) to study the state of SDSS1335+0728 prior to December 2019, and new observations from Swift, SOAR/Goodman, VLT/X-shooter, and Keck/LRIS taken after its turn-on to characterise its current state. We analysed the variability of SDSS1335+0728 in the X-ray/UV/optical/mid-infrared range, modelled its spectral energy distribution prior to and after December 2019, and studied the evolution of its UV/optical spectra. Results. From our multi-wavelength photometric analysis, we find that: (a) since 2021, the UV flux (from Swift/UVOT observations) is four times brighter than the flux reported by GALEX in 2004; (b) since June 2022, the mid-infrared flux has risen more than two times, and the W1−W2 WISE colour has become redder; and (c) since February 2024, the source has begun showing X-ray emission. From our spectroscopic follow-up, we see that (i) the narrow emission line ratios are now consistent with a more energetic ionising continuum; (ii) broad emission lines are not detected; and (iii) the [OIII] line increased its flux ∼ 3.6 years after the first ZTF alert, which implies a relatively compact narrow-line-emitting region. Conclusions. We conclude that the variations observed in SDSS1335+0728 could be either explained by a ∼ 106M⊙ AGN that is just turning on or by an exotic tidal disruption event (TDE). If the former is true, SDSS1335+0728 is one of the strongest cases of an AGNobserved in the process of activating. If the latter were found to be the case, it would correspond to the longest and faintest TDE ever observed (or another class of still unknown nuclear transient). Future observations of SDSS1335+0728 are crucial to further understand its behaviour. Key words. galaxies: active– accretion, accretion discs– galaxies: individual: SDSS J133519.91+072807.4
Mites,Slug,Snail_Infesting agricultural crops.pdf
Order : Trombidiformes (Acarina) Class : Arachnida
Mites normally feed on the undersurface of the leaves but the symptoms are more easily seen on the uppersurface.
Tetranychids produce blotching (Spots) on the leaf-surface.
Tarsonemids and Eriophyids produce distortion (twist), puckering (Folds) or stunting (Short) of leaves.
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BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptx
Ahota Beel, nestled in Sootea Biswanath Assam , is celebrated for its extraordinary diversity of bird species. This wetland sanctuary supports a myriad of avian residents and migrants alike. Visitors can admire the elegant flights of migratory species such as the Northern Pintail and Eurasian Wigeon, alongside resident birds including the Asian Openbill and Pheasant-tailed Jacana. With its tranquil scenery and varied habitats, Ahota Beel offers a perfect haven for birdwatchers to appreciate and study the vibrant birdlife that thrives in this natural refuge.
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Explainable Deepfake Image/Video Detection
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Software available at https://github.com/IDT-ITI/XAI-Deepfakes
Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
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Evaluation and Identification of J'BaFofi the Giant Spider of Congo and Moke...
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The J'BaFofi, or "Giant Spider," is a mainly legendary arachnid by reportedly inhabiting the dense rain forests of
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My study aims to proper evaluate the existence of the J'BaFofi through the analysis of historical reports,indigenous
testimonies and modern exploration efforts.
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Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Recent theoretical progress indicates that spacetime and gravity emerge together from the entanglement structure of an underlying microscopic theory. These ideas are best understood in Anti-de Sitter space, where they rely on the area law for entanglement entropy. The extension to de Sitter space requires taking into account the entropy and temperature associated with the cosmological horizon. Using insights from string theory, black hole physics and quantum information theory we argue that the positive dark energy leads to a thermal volume law contribution to the entropy that overtakes the area law precisely at the cosmological horizon. Due to the competition between area and volume law entanglement the microscopic de Sitter states do not thermalise at sub-Hubble scales: they exhibit memory effects in the form of an entropy displacement caused by matter. The emergent laws of gravity contain an additional ‘dark’ gravitational force describing the ‘elastic’ response due to the entropy displacement. We derive an estimate of the strength of this extra force in terms of the baryonic mass, Newton’s constant and the Hubble acceleration scale a0 = cH0, and provide evidence for the fact that this additional ‘dark gravity force’ explains the observed phenomena in galaxies and clusters currently attributed to dark matter.
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SDSS1335+0728: The awakening of a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole⋆
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Protein Synthesis PPT.pptx
- 1. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS The Protein-making Process
- 2. Protein Synthesis (Gene Expression) Notes Proteins (Review) • Proteins make up all living materials
- 3. • Proteins are composed of amino acids – there are 20 different amino acids • Different proteins are made by combining these 20 amino acids in different combinations
- 4. • Proteins are manufactured (made) by the ribosomes
- 5. •Function of proteins: 1. Help fight disease 2. Build new body tissue 3. Enzymes used for digestion and other chemical reactions are proteins (Enzymes speed up the rate of a reaction) 4. Component of all cell membranes
- 7. Making a Protein—Transcription • First Step: Copying of genetic information from DNA to RNA called Transcription Why? DNA has the genetic code for the protein that needs to be made, but proteins are made by the ribosomes—ribosomes are outside the nucleus in the cytoplasm. DNA is too large to leave the nucleus (double stranded), but RNA can leave the nucleus (single stranded).
- 8. • Part of DNA temporarily unzips and is used as a template to assemble complementary nucleotides into messenger RNA (mRNA).
- 9. • mRNA then goes through the pores of the nucleus with the DNA code and attaches to the ribosome.
- 11. Making a Protein—Translation • Second Step: Decoding of mRNA into a protein is called Translation. • Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome.
- 12. These amino acids come from the food we eat. Proteins we eat are broken down into individual amino acids and then simply rearranged into new proteins according to the needs and directions of our DNA.
- 13. •A series of three adjacent bases in an mRNA molecule codes for a specific amino acid—called a codon. •Each tRNA has 3 nucleotides that are complementary to the codon in mRNA. •Each tRNA codes for a different amino acid. Amino acid Anticodon
- 14. • mRNA carrying the DNA instructions and tRNA carrying amino acids meet in the ribosomes.
- 15. • Amino acids are joined together to make a protein. Polypeptide = Protein
- 16. Use one of the codon charts on the next page to find the amino acid sequence coded for by the following mRNA strands. CAC/CCA/UGG/UGA ___________/___________/___________/____________ AUG/AAC/GAC/UAA ___________/___________/___________/____________
- 18. AUG/AAC/GAC/UAA ___________/___________/___________/____________ Methionine Asparagine Aspartic Acid Stop
- 21. Movie about translation at bottom of webpage. Click on hyperlink in picture above.