This document summarizes a paper that proposes a Data Leakage Prevention (DLP) solution to help organizations prevent intentional or accidental leakage of sensitive data. The proposed solution involves identifying, monitoring, and protecting three types of organizational data: data at rest (stored data), data in use (data currently being processed), and data in motion (data being transmitted). It describes sensitive data that organizations need to protect, such as personal information, financial records, and research data. The solution aims to classify data protection levels and help organizations enforce policies regarding appropriate data access and transmission to reduce risks from data leakage.
The uncontrollable flow of change in technology these days and use of data, information and knowledge is creating a huge challenges in the front of application User and developer both. Data breaches are happening in every sector and every level of all sectors. These challenges are countless starting from operational to strategic and becoming more challengeable day by day as the penetration of Information technology application among the common man is increasing. Therefore the threat is become real. Everybody customers or companies, retailer or stakeholders , distributor or dealer need assurance; from the provider. corporate face up reputational risks among the user at every step. So there is a need to understand the information technology, a frame work or body which can manage , risks and controls. A body or a system of Privacy management system is which can build a frame work for protection of the data and at the same time can maintain , privacy and agreement issues. This can be done by adoption of a scalable risk-based method which can determine what to be secured and how by performing the certain action.
Ensuring Effective Information Security Management Information Classification...ijtsrd
This study is based on information security management in financial institutions from the perspective of information classification and access control. As objectives, the study set out to assess information classification practices in microfinance institutions and their effect on overall information security management, and to examine access control in microfinance institutions and how it impacts information security management. The study made use of the Information Security Theory by Horne, Ahmad and Maynard, and a sequential exploratory mixed method survey research design. As data collection instruments, a questionnaire and an interview guide were used, with validity and reliability guaranteed by subject experts, ISO IEC checklists, and Kuder Richardson formula 20 which realised a score of 0.81. Of the 30 managers and information security officers who participated in the study, a response rate of 100 was registered. To analyse data, descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used. The findings portray loopholes in information classification and access control and thus in the information security management programme of participating institutions. Some recommendations put forth are the need to adopt information classification schedules with distinguished levels of sensitivity, drafting of access control policies, signing of non disclosure agreements and introduction of information security officers to ensure implementation and follow up. Rosemary M. Shafack | Awiye Sharon Serkwem "Ensuring Effective Information Security Management: Information Classification and Access Control Practices" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38122.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/38122/ensuring-effective-information-security-management-information-classification-and-access-control-practices/rosemary-m-shafack
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Electronic Healthcare Record Security and Management in Healthcare Organizationsijtsrd
"This study aim sat identifying the current countermeasures used in protecting the Electronic Healthcare Record and how employees share their knowledge about the existence Electronic Healthcare Record security as well as countermeasures used in mitigating the threats and data breaches in healthcare organizations. A case study of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria was used and qualitative research method was adopted where purposive and stratified random sampling was used. This led to construction of eleven relevant questions to four categories of staff. A conceptual frame work was proposed to quid the study and the findings we reevaluated using the proposed frame work. There sults revealed that there is lack of knowledge sharing among employees and some factors were found to be the resistance factors, this include educational background, behavior, low security awareness, personality differences and lack of management commitment. On the other hand, deterrent, preventive and organizational actions were partially practiced as countermeasures used to mitigate the threats and vulnerability of data breaches of Electronic Healthcare Records in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital in Nigeria. Attahiru Saminu, CLN ""Electronic Healthcare Record Security and Management in Healthcare Organizations"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | International Conference on Advanced Engineering and Information Technology , November 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd19124.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/19124/electronic-healthcare-record-security-and-management-in-healthcare-organizations/attahiru-saminu-cln"
The uncontrollable flow of change in technology these days and use of data, information and knowledge is creating a huge challenges in the front of application User and developer both. Data breaches are happening in every sector and every level of all sectors. These challenges are countless starting from operational to strategic and becoming more challengeable day by day as the penetration of Information technology application among the common man is increasing. Therefore the threat is become real. Everybody customers or companies, retailer or stakeholders , distributor or dealer need assurance; from the provider. corporate face up reputational risks among the user at every step. So there is a need to understand the information technology, a frame work or body which can manage , risks and controls. A body or a system of Privacy management system is which can build a frame work for protection of the data and at the same time can maintain , privacy and agreement issues. This can be done by adoption of a scalable risk-based method which can determine what to be secured and how by performing the certain action.
Ensuring Effective Information Security Management Information Classification...ijtsrd
This study is based on information security management in financial institutions from the perspective of information classification and access control. As objectives, the study set out to assess information classification practices in microfinance institutions and their effect on overall information security management, and to examine access control in microfinance institutions and how it impacts information security management. The study made use of the Information Security Theory by Horne, Ahmad and Maynard, and a sequential exploratory mixed method survey research design. As data collection instruments, a questionnaire and an interview guide were used, with validity and reliability guaranteed by subject experts, ISO IEC checklists, and Kuder Richardson formula 20 which realised a score of 0.81. Of the 30 managers and information security officers who participated in the study, a response rate of 100 was registered. To analyse data, descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used. The findings portray loopholes in information classification and access control and thus in the information security management programme of participating institutions. Some recommendations put forth are the need to adopt information classification schedules with distinguished levels of sensitivity, drafting of access control policies, signing of non disclosure agreements and introduction of information security officers to ensure implementation and follow up. Rosemary M. Shafack | Awiye Sharon Serkwem "Ensuring Effective Information Security Management: Information Classification and Access Control Practices" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38122.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/38122/ensuring-effective-information-security-management-information-classification-and-access-control-practices/rosemary-m-shafack
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Electronic Healthcare Record Security and Management in Healthcare Organizationsijtsrd
"This study aim sat identifying the current countermeasures used in protecting the Electronic Healthcare Record and how employees share their knowledge about the existence Electronic Healthcare Record security as well as countermeasures used in mitigating the threats and data breaches in healthcare organizations. A case study of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria was used and qualitative research method was adopted where purposive and stratified random sampling was used. This led to construction of eleven relevant questions to four categories of staff. A conceptual frame work was proposed to quid the study and the findings we reevaluated using the proposed frame work. There sults revealed that there is lack of knowledge sharing among employees and some factors were found to be the resistance factors, this include educational background, behavior, low security awareness, personality differences and lack of management commitment. On the other hand, deterrent, preventive and organizational actions were partially practiced as countermeasures used to mitigate the threats and vulnerability of data breaches of Electronic Healthcare Records in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital in Nigeria. Attahiru Saminu, CLN ""Electronic Healthcare Record Security and Management in Healthcare Organizations"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | International Conference on Advanced Engineering and Information Technology , November 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd19124.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/19124/electronic-healthcare-record-security-and-management-in-healthcare-organizations/attahiru-saminu-cln"
AN EFFECTIVE METHOD FOR INFORMATION SECURITY AWARENESS RAISING INITIATIVESijcsit
Increasingly, all kinds of organizations and institutions are adopting the E-business model to conduct their
activities and provide E-Services for their customers. In the process, whether they know it or not, those
organizations are also opening themselves up to the risk of information security breaches. Therefore
protecting an organization’s ICT infrastructure, IT systems, and Data is a vital issue that is often
underestimated. Research has shown that one of the most significant threats to information security comes
not from external attack but rather from the system's users, because they are familiar with the
infrastructure and have access to its resources, but may be unaware of the risks. Moreover, using only
technological solutions to protect an organization’s assets is not enough; there is a need to consider the
human factor by raising users’ security awareness. Our contribution to this problem is to propose an
Information Security Awareness Program that aims at raising and maintaining the level of users’ security
awareness. This paper puts forward a general model for an information security awareness program and
describes how it could be incorporated into an organization’s website through the process of development
life cycle.
Multi-Dimensional Privacy Protection for Digital Collaborations.CSCJournals
In order to sustain privacy in digital collaborative environments a comprehensive multidimensional privacy protecting framework is required. Such information privacy solutions for collaborations must incorporate environmental factors and influences in order to provide a holistic information privacy solution. Our Technical, Legal, and Community Privacy Protecting (TLC-PP) framework addresses the problems associated with the multi-facetted notion of privacy. The three key components of the TLC-PP framework are merged together to provide complete solutions for collaborative environment stakeholders and users alike. The application of the TLC-PP framework provides a significant contribution to the delivery of a Privacy Augmented Collaborative Environment (PACE).
Copyright Notice:
This presentation is prepared by Author for Perbanas Institute as a part of Author Lecture Series. It is to be used for educational and non-commercial purposes only and is not to be changed, altered, or used for any commercial endeavor without the express written permission from Author and/or Perbanas Institute. Appropriate legal action may be taken against any person, organization, or entity attempting to misrepresent, charge, or profit from the educational materials contained here.
Authors are allowed to use their own articles without seeking permission from any person, organization, or entity.
Data breach events result in significant losses each year. Our partners at Bonahoom & Bobilya, LLC, created a presentation about understanding the hidden regulatory risks of a data breach so you can keep your company from going out of business.
This presentation has been shared with permission.
American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development is indexed, refereed and peer-reviewed journal, which is designed to publish research articles.
Isaca global journal - choosing the most appropriate data security solution ...Ulf Mattsson
Recent breaches demonstrate the urgent need to secure enterprise identities against cyberthreats that target today’s hybrid IT environment of cloud, mobile and on-premises. The rapid rise of cloud databases, storage and applications has led to unease among adopters over the security of their data. Whether it is data stored in a public, private or hybrid cloud, or used in third party SaaS applications, companies have good reason to be concerned. The biggest challenge in this interconnected world is merging data security with data value and productivity. If we are to realize the benefits promised by these new ways of doing business, we urgently need a data-centric strategy to protect the sensitive data flowing through these digital business systems.
Extending Information Security to Non-Production EnvironmentsLindaWatson19
This paper discusses the threats that non-production environments pose to database security and provides practical advice and multiple options for ensuring data assets remain secure against unauthorized access.
Classmate 1Cybersecurity risk can be characterized as the ris.docxbartholomeocoombs
Classmate 1:
Cybersecurity risk can be characterized as the risk emerging from pernicious electronic or Non-electronic occasions influencing information innovation assets of firms, regularly bringing about the disturbance of business and budgetary misfortune. The significance of cybersecurity has become in the course of the most recent couple of decades with the fast development of electronic gadgets and the web (Biener, Eling, and Wirfs, 2015). Physical items where information and information were utilized to be put away, for example, records, floppy plates, and tapes are not, at this point utilized and practically all individuals store their own and work information electronically now.
Information is put away in a confined private system at work while at home individuals store their private information, for example, photographs, messages, and so on in their messages or even or cloud administrations, for instance, the Apple cloud where Apple iPhone clients will have their information continually upheld. This individual information may contain by and by recognizable information too, for example, the information that can be contained in an individual driver's permit, for example, date of birth, address (Fazlida, and Said, 2015). For the assailants, PII information is truly significant and thus they target global organizations where they could get this PII information effectively which can be connected with the client's record and their installment information.
We see a great deal of cyber-assault happening to global organizations, for example, Target and Home-stop along these lines. From a mechanical standpoint, firms regularly share associated risks and vulnerabilities of being penetrated together because of the use of normal security advances and the availability of PC systems. In the above articulation, we can see that all organizations have risks and vulnerabilities in their system which should be appropriately redesigned and checked to be made sure about. We additionally observe government databases being hacked from remote nationals to pick up the necessary information or PII of assets they are quick to acquire (Biener, Eling, and Wirfs, 2015). In this manner, we can say that cybersecurity isn't only a business danger yet, in addition, a matter of national security.
As an IT administrator, there are a few different ways I would attempt to deal with the IT risks inside my organization (Pei-Yu, Kataria, and Krishnan, 2011):
1. I would initially do a constant risk evaluation and distinguish the risks which are generally essential and touchy to the organization and make a rundown of basic resources, recognized risks, and future potential risks that would be tended to. The prioritizations of these risks are significant and likewise to include the administration about this.
2. The risk proprietors can possess the organized risks and work with the group to relieve these risks and record it. The most noteworthy risks are to be killed first.
Running head ORGANIZATIONAL SECURITY1ORGANIZATIONAL SECURITY.docxtodd581
Running head: ORGANIZATIONAL SECURITY 1
ORGANIZATIONAL SECURITY 7
CDU International College
MQP 008
Report on Security Issues in the Fugle Company
Marufa Binte Muztaba
Date: 22th April 2020
Student ID:S33821
Length: 1500 words (+/-100)
Introduction
When we consider every modern business, we find that none lacks security issues. This means that we need to look into how to come up with secure systems. Information security stands for prevention or the practice of preventing access of data by unauthorized user. The information does not need to be electrical for it to be secured, even physical information is put into consideration. The purpose of writing this paper is to talk about Fugle Company by describing its information system, outlining the main risks that the system might be exposed to and the ethical issues that need to be considered in order to maintain the security of information in Fugle, (Trend Micro, 2015). For this company to succeed, information security has to be up tight. This technological company has developed an application that you can pay using your fingerprint. A lot of attention has been drawn to it which has risen questions of how secure the application is, (Dooley, 2017). With the scheduled time for launching the application, the company experiences a lot of pressure because they do not want to launch it before considering all the security issues with their budget, and at the same time they do not have a lot of time. The security issues addressed here apply to the HRM, product development, accounting, and marketing information systems.
Information Systems and their Assets
There are four main key information systems in Fugle. When dealing with an information system, we basically mean the software that a company used to analyze and organize its data. It is used to convert raw data into information that can be understood and be used for effective decision making. There are key assets that each one of the four keys have been assigned to protect. We can define an asset as something that is useful for the company that brings profit to it. It is very important to know how to handle threats that are imposed to these assets because they can have a major impact on the future of the company and its viability. In fugle, the main responsibility of the market information system is to make sure that information in the company concerning marketing is not breached. The company’s major assets are its customer Intel and information concerning the asset. This is seen by when Dave is called and is told that there was an attempt of people hacking the data concerning the clients of the company, ( Lowry, Dinev, and Willison, 2017). This would mean that there is a confidentiality breach and the clients would not trust the company again. Also when journalists come to take a look at the product and they are given a controlled presentation it is because the product is still considered vulnerable to attacks. Information about the .
Running head ORGANIZATIONAL SECURITY1ORGANIZATIONAL SECURITY.docxglendar3
Running head: ORGANIZATIONAL SECURITY 1
ORGANIZATIONAL SECURITY 7
CDU International College
MQP 008
Report on Security Issues in the Fugle Company
Marufa Binte Muztaba
Date: 22th April 2020
Student ID:S33821
Length: 1500 words (+/-100)
Introduction
When we consider every modern business, we find that none lacks security issues. This means that we need to look into how to come up with secure systems. Information security stands for prevention or the practice of preventing access of data by unauthorized user. The information does not need to be electrical for it to be secured, even physical information is put into consideration. The purpose of writing this paper is to talk about Fugle Company by describing its information system, outlining the main risks that the system might be exposed to and the ethical issues that need to be considered in order to maintain the security of information in Fugle, (Trend Micro, 2015). For this company to succeed, information security has to be up tight. This technological company has developed an application that you can pay using your fingerprint. A lot of attention has been drawn to it which has risen questions of how secure the application is, (Dooley, 2017). With the scheduled time for launching the application, the company experiences a lot of pressure because they do not want to launch it before considering all the security issues with their budget, and at the same time they do not have a lot of time. The security issues addressed here apply to the HRM, product development, accounting, and marketing information systems.
Information Systems and their Assets
There are four main key information systems in Fugle. When dealing with an information system, we basically mean the software that a company used to analyze and organize its data. It is used to convert raw data into information that can be understood and be used for effective decision making. There are key assets that each one of the four keys have been assigned to protect. We can define an asset as something that is useful for the company that brings profit to it. It is very important to know how to handle threats that are imposed to these assets because they can have a major impact on the future of the company and its viability. In fugle, the main responsibility of the market information system is to make sure that information in the company concerning marketing is not breached. The company’s major assets are its customer Intel and information concerning the asset. This is seen by when Dave is called and is told that there was an attempt of people hacking the data concerning the clients of the company, ( Lowry, Dinev, and Willison, 2017). This would mean that there is a confidentiality breach and the clients would not trust the company again. Also when journalists come to take a look at the product and they are given a controlled presentation it is because the product is still considered vulnerable to attacks. Information about the .
AN EFFECTIVE METHOD FOR INFORMATION SECURITY AWARENESS RAISING INITIATIVESijcsit
Increasingly, all kinds of organizations and institutions are adopting the E-business model to conduct their
activities and provide E-Services for their customers. In the process, whether they know it or not, those
organizations are also opening themselves up to the risk of information security breaches. Therefore
protecting an organization’s ICT infrastructure, IT systems, and Data is a vital issue that is often
underestimated. Research has shown that one of the most significant threats to information security comes
not from external attack but rather from the system's users, because they are familiar with the
infrastructure and have access to its resources, but may be unaware of the risks. Moreover, using only
technological solutions to protect an organization’s assets is not enough; there is a need to consider the
human factor by raising users’ security awareness. Our contribution to this problem is to propose an
Information Security Awareness Program that aims at raising and maintaining the level of users’ security
awareness. This paper puts forward a general model for an information security awareness program and
describes how it could be incorporated into an organization’s website through the process of development
life cycle.
Multi-Dimensional Privacy Protection for Digital Collaborations.CSCJournals
In order to sustain privacy in digital collaborative environments a comprehensive multidimensional privacy protecting framework is required. Such information privacy solutions for collaborations must incorporate environmental factors and influences in order to provide a holistic information privacy solution. Our Technical, Legal, and Community Privacy Protecting (TLC-PP) framework addresses the problems associated with the multi-facetted notion of privacy. The three key components of the TLC-PP framework are merged together to provide complete solutions for collaborative environment stakeholders and users alike. The application of the TLC-PP framework provides a significant contribution to the delivery of a Privacy Augmented Collaborative Environment (PACE).
Copyright Notice:
This presentation is prepared by Author for Perbanas Institute as a part of Author Lecture Series. It is to be used for educational and non-commercial purposes only and is not to be changed, altered, or used for any commercial endeavor without the express written permission from Author and/or Perbanas Institute. Appropriate legal action may be taken against any person, organization, or entity attempting to misrepresent, charge, or profit from the educational materials contained here.
Authors are allowed to use their own articles without seeking permission from any person, organization, or entity.
Data breach events result in significant losses each year. Our partners at Bonahoom & Bobilya, LLC, created a presentation about understanding the hidden regulatory risks of a data breach so you can keep your company from going out of business.
This presentation has been shared with permission.
American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development is indexed, refereed and peer-reviewed journal, which is designed to publish research articles.
Isaca global journal - choosing the most appropriate data security solution ...Ulf Mattsson
Recent breaches demonstrate the urgent need to secure enterprise identities against cyberthreats that target today’s hybrid IT environment of cloud, mobile and on-premises. The rapid rise of cloud databases, storage and applications has led to unease among adopters over the security of their data. Whether it is data stored in a public, private or hybrid cloud, or used in third party SaaS applications, companies have good reason to be concerned. The biggest challenge in this interconnected world is merging data security with data value and productivity. If we are to realize the benefits promised by these new ways of doing business, we urgently need a data-centric strategy to protect the sensitive data flowing through these digital business systems.
Extending Information Security to Non-Production EnvironmentsLindaWatson19
This paper discusses the threats that non-production environments pose to database security and provides practical advice and multiple options for ensuring data assets remain secure against unauthorized access.
Classmate 1Cybersecurity risk can be characterized as the ris.docxbartholomeocoombs
Classmate 1:
Cybersecurity risk can be characterized as the risk emerging from pernicious electronic or Non-electronic occasions influencing information innovation assets of firms, regularly bringing about the disturbance of business and budgetary misfortune. The significance of cybersecurity has become in the course of the most recent couple of decades with the fast development of electronic gadgets and the web (Biener, Eling, and Wirfs, 2015). Physical items where information and information were utilized to be put away, for example, records, floppy plates, and tapes are not, at this point utilized and practically all individuals store their own and work information electronically now.
Information is put away in a confined private system at work while at home individuals store their private information, for example, photographs, messages, and so on in their messages or even or cloud administrations, for instance, the Apple cloud where Apple iPhone clients will have their information continually upheld. This individual information may contain by and by recognizable information too, for example, the information that can be contained in an individual driver's permit, for example, date of birth, address (Fazlida, and Said, 2015). For the assailants, PII information is truly significant and thus they target global organizations where they could get this PII information effectively which can be connected with the client's record and their installment information.
We see a great deal of cyber-assault happening to global organizations, for example, Target and Home-stop along these lines. From a mechanical standpoint, firms regularly share associated risks and vulnerabilities of being penetrated together because of the use of normal security advances and the availability of PC systems. In the above articulation, we can see that all organizations have risks and vulnerabilities in their system which should be appropriately redesigned and checked to be made sure about. We additionally observe government databases being hacked from remote nationals to pick up the necessary information or PII of assets they are quick to acquire (Biener, Eling, and Wirfs, 2015). In this manner, we can say that cybersecurity isn't only a business danger yet, in addition, a matter of national security.
As an IT administrator, there are a few different ways I would attempt to deal with the IT risks inside my organization (Pei-Yu, Kataria, and Krishnan, 2011):
1. I would initially do a constant risk evaluation and distinguish the risks which are generally essential and touchy to the organization and make a rundown of basic resources, recognized risks, and future potential risks that would be tended to. The prioritizations of these risks are significant and likewise to include the administration about this.
2. The risk proprietors can possess the organized risks and work with the group to relieve these risks and record it. The most noteworthy risks are to be killed first.
Running head ORGANIZATIONAL SECURITY1ORGANIZATIONAL SECURITY.docxtodd581
Running head: ORGANIZATIONAL SECURITY 1
ORGANIZATIONAL SECURITY 7
CDU International College
MQP 008
Report on Security Issues in the Fugle Company
Marufa Binte Muztaba
Date: 22th April 2020
Student ID:S33821
Length: 1500 words (+/-100)
Introduction
When we consider every modern business, we find that none lacks security issues. This means that we need to look into how to come up with secure systems. Information security stands for prevention or the practice of preventing access of data by unauthorized user. The information does not need to be electrical for it to be secured, even physical information is put into consideration. The purpose of writing this paper is to talk about Fugle Company by describing its information system, outlining the main risks that the system might be exposed to and the ethical issues that need to be considered in order to maintain the security of information in Fugle, (Trend Micro, 2015). For this company to succeed, information security has to be up tight. This technological company has developed an application that you can pay using your fingerprint. A lot of attention has been drawn to it which has risen questions of how secure the application is, (Dooley, 2017). With the scheduled time for launching the application, the company experiences a lot of pressure because they do not want to launch it before considering all the security issues with their budget, and at the same time they do not have a lot of time. The security issues addressed here apply to the HRM, product development, accounting, and marketing information systems.
Information Systems and their Assets
There are four main key information systems in Fugle. When dealing with an information system, we basically mean the software that a company used to analyze and organize its data. It is used to convert raw data into information that can be understood and be used for effective decision making. There are key assets that each one of the four keys have been assigned to protect. We can define an asset as something that is useful for the company that brings profit to it. It is very important to know how to handle threats that are imposed to these assets because they can have a major impact on the future of the company and its viability. In fugle, the main responsibility of the market information system is to make sure that information in the company concerning marketing is not breached. The company’s major assets are its customer Intel and information concerning the asset. This is seen by when Dave is called and is told that there was an attempt of people hacking the data concerning the clients of the company, ( Lowry, Dinev, and Willison, 2017). This would mean that there is a confidentiality breach and the clients would not trust the company again. Also when journalists come to take a look at the product and they are given a controlled presentation it is because the product is still considered vulnerable to attacks. Information about the .
Running head ORGANIZATIONAL SECURITY1ORGANIZATIONAL SECURITY.docxglendar3
Running head: ORGANIZATIONAL SECURITY 1
ORGANIZATIONAL SECURITY 7
CDU International College
MQP 008
Report on Security Issues in the Fugle Company
Marufa Binte Muztaba
Date: 22th April 2020
Student ID:S33821
Length: 1500 words (+/-100)
Introduction
When we consider every modern business, we find that none lacks security issues. This means that we need to look into how to come up with secure systems. Information security stands for prevention or the practice of preventing access of data by unauthorized user. The information does not need to be electrical for it to be secured, even physical information is put into consideration. The purpose of writing this paper is to talk about Fugle Company by describing its information system, outlining the main risks that the system might be exposed to and the ethical issues that need to be considered in order to maintain the security of information in Fugle, (Trend Micro, 2015). For this company to succeed, information security has to be up tight. This technological company has developed an application that you can pay using your fingerprint. A lot of attention has been drawn to it which has risen questions of how secure the application is, (Dooley, 2017). With the scheduled time for launching the application, the company experiences a lot of pressure because they do not want to launch it before considering all the security issues with their budget, and at the same time they do not have a lot of time. The security issues addressed here apply to the HRM, product development, accounting, and marketing information systems.
Information Systems and their Assets
There are four main key information systems in Fugle. When dealing with an information system, we basically mean the software that a company used to analyze and organize its data. It is used to convert raw data into information that can be understood and be used for effective decision making. There are key assets that each one of the four keys have been assigned to protect. We can define an asset as something that is useful for the company that brings profit to it. It is very important to know how to handle threats that are imposed to these assets because they can have a major impact on the future of the company and its viability. In fugle, the main responsibility of the market information system is to make sure that information in the company concerning marketing is not breached. The company’s major assets are its customer Intel and information concerning the asset. This is seen by when Dave is called and is told that there was an attempt of people hacking the data concerning the clients of the company, ( Lowry, Dinev, and Willison, 2017). This would mean that there is a confidentiality breach and the clients would not trust the company again. Also when journalists come to take a look at the product and they are given a controlled presentation it is because the product is still considered vulnerable to attacks. Information about the .
Information security or Infosec worries with protecting information from unauthorized access. Its a part of information risk management and it therefore involves preventing or reducing the probability of unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, deletion, corruption, modification, inspect or recording. In this article we will talk about the IT security, various threads to information security, different obstacles of information security and the various ways in which internet can be lucrative. Bhavya Verma | Purva Choudhary | Dr. Deepak Chahal "An Empirical Study on Information Security" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30888.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/30888/an-empirical-study-on-information-security/bhavya-verma
An Improved Method for Preventing Data Leakage in an OrganizationIJERA Editor
Data is one of the most important assets an organisation has since it denes each organisations unique- ness.It
includes data on members and prospects, their inter- ests and purchases, your events, speakers, your content,
social media, press, your staff, budget, strategic plan, and much more. As organizations open their doors to
employees, part- ners, customers and suppliers to provide deeper access to sensitive information, the risk
sassociated with business increase. Now, more than ever, within creasing threats of cyber terrorism, cor- porate
governance issues, fraud, and identity theft, the need for securing corporate information has become paramount.
Informa- tion theft is not just about external hackers and unauthorized external users stealing your data, it is also
about managing internal employees and even contractors who may be working within your organization for
short periods of time. Adding to the challenge of securing information is the increasing push for corporate
governance and adherence to legislative or regulatory requirements. Failure to comply and provide privacy,
audit and internal controls could result in penalties ranging from large nes to jail terms. Non-compliance can
result in not only potential implications for executives, but also possible threats to the viability of a corporation.
Insiders too represent a sign cant risk to data security. The task of detecting malicious insiders is very
challenging as the methods of deception become more and more sophisticated. There are various solutions
present to avoid data leakage. Data leakage detection, prevention (DLPM) and monitoring solutions became an
inherent component of the organizations security suite.DLP solutions monitors sensitive data when at rest, in
motion, or in use and enforce the organizational data protection policy.These solutions focus mainly on the data
and its sensitivity level, and on preventing it from reaching an unauthorized person. They ignore the fact that an
insider is gradually exposed to more and more sensitive data,to which she is authorized to access. Such data
may cause great damage to the organization when leaked or misused. Data can be leaked via emails, instant
messaging, le transfer etc. This research is focusing on email data leakage monitoring, detection and
prevention. It is proposed to be carried out in two phases: leakage detection through mining and prevention
through encryption of email content.
In this work we highlighted some of the concepts of data privacy, techniques used in data privacy, and some techniques used in data privacy in the cloud plus some new research trends.
1Running head IDENTITY MANAGEMENT AND SECURITY AWARENESS TRAI.docxeugeniadean34240
1
Running head: IDENTITY MANAGEMENT AND SECURITY AWARENESS TRAINING PLAN STRATEGY
Identity management and security awareness training plan strategy 4
Identity management and security awareness training plan strategy
Student’s name
Institutional affiliation
Security Plan for the Organization
A good security awareness training in IT puts focus on problems that are broader, that do not give themselves to only technology solutions (Long, 2010). The training can be split into two main groups; one, the general security training is suitable for the entire employees despite their work role. Two, the group specific training in security centers on specific skills which are significant to only a section of the organization.
General Security Training:
1. Procedures and policies education.
2. Information on the person to be contacted when an employee thinks that she or he has recognized a security risk or threat.
3. Rules for handling information that is confidential.
Group specific training:
1. Regarding the IT operations employees: There should be training in business continuity and disaster recovery planning (Willemssen, 2000).
2. Concerning development organization: Training for design, architecture or coding should be performed.
3. For the staff of finance in the organization, training in fraud detection should be offered.
In conclusion, a security awareness training program that is properly implemented does not only give the Human Resource department with documentation that is necessary for following actions against the staff who disrespect security practices, but also minimizes the amount of penalizing actions (Webel, 2004).
References
Long, J. (2010). Global information security factors. International Journal of Information Security and Privacy (IJISP), 4(2), 49-60.
Webel, B. (2004). The Economic Impact of Cyber-Attacks. Congressional Research Service, Government and Finance Division. Washington DC: The Library of Congress.
Willemssen, J. (2000). "FAA Computer Security". GAO/T-AIMD-00-330. Presented at Committee on Science, House of Representatives.
Running head: FORENSICS AND CSIRT 1
SECURITY PLAN 5
Forensics and CSIRT
Name
Institution
SECURITY PLAN
Abstract.
CSIRT, commonly known as a Computer Security Incident Response Team, refers to an organization mandated with the responsibility of reviewing, receiving and correction of security incidence related to computers for governments, Corporate and religious institutions or even paid clients(Stein, 2009). This paper shows the forensics and CSIRT plan strategy for the organization.
Introduction.
Network administrators are given the responsibility to maintain computer networks. Security is an important requirement in the organizations systems, as these have an impact on day to day activities. Unauthorized access to organizations critical information is detrimental to its operations and could be used to cause the failure of the .
Do you wish to know how important is data protection and how to train your employees on the data security measures? Then download this presentation now.
How to secure information systemsSolutionAnswerInformation.pdfrohit219406
How to secure information systems?
Solution
Answer:
Information security:
Information security, sometimes shortened to InfoSec, is the practice of halting unauthorized
access, use, revelation, disordering, modification, investigation, recording or destruction of
information. It is a general term that can be used regardless of the form the data may take (e.g.
electronic, physical).
Since the advent of the internet and increased expansion of computer based technology in
today\'s corporations, information security breaches have increased at an alarming rate. While
businesses take a more cautious approach to how they handle IT security threats, these are
becoming increasingly complex and sophisticated. Denial-of-service attacks, software tampering
(e.g. Trojan horses and computer viruses) and social engineering techniques (e.g. phishing) are
some examples becoming prevalent. While we often times hear of the more widely publicized
embezzlement, money laundering, burglary and bribery statistics, data has shown that companies
have seen greater losses from losses attributed to information security breaches.
One of the most effective ways to prevent criminals from accessing and compromising
confidential company information is to implement an effective information security plan and
properly train firm employees accessing the system. Additionally, companies should implement
a dynamic and independent third party auditor to frequently test the adequacy of their security
system. Lastly, key responsibilities within the information security chain should be segregated
and rotated frequently. If companies follow these three basic tenets, they will be one step closer
to the effective security of their information.
Threats to Information Systems:
Information security threats come in many different forms. Some of the most common threats
today are software attacks, theft of intellectual property, identity theft, theft of equipment or
information, sabotage, and information infiltration Some of the most prevalent types of data
infiltration include input manipulation, program manipulation, data input manipulation, data
stealing, and outright sabotage. The most frequent type associated with this form of fraud is
manipulation of the data. The reason for this most common is because the criminal requires the
less amount of skill.
Most people have experienced software attacks of some sort. Viruses, worms, phishing
attacks, and Trojan horses are a few common examples of software attacks. Governments,
military, corporations, financial institutions, hospitals and private businesses amass a great deal
of confidential information about their employees, customers, products, research and financial
status. Most of this information is now collected, processed and stored on electronic computers
and transmitted across networks to other computers.
Implementing a Information Security System:
With so many different ways and so much potential for breaches to information security
systems.
Running Head SECURITY AWARENESSSecurity Awareness .docxtoltonkendal
Running Head: SECURITY AWARENESS
Security Awareness 2
Final Project Security Awareness
Terri Y. Hudson
Southern New Hampshire University – IT 552
December 20, 2016
Agency-wide security awareness Program Proposal
Introduction
For the organization to comply with the current PCT DSS requirement version 12,6, a security awareness program must be in place. The CISCO of the organization has an immediate requirement of creating an agency-wide security awareness program. As a means of implementing security awareness program the organization has conducted a security gap analysis which is one of the component of security awareness program which showed the 10 security findings. As one of the means of conducting the program, I will submit awareness program proposal.
Objective
This SOW (Statement of Work) is being done on behalf of the senior information officer. He has requested for the creation of an agency-wide security awareness program by handing over the security gap analysis which was done prior to this process. Hence the major aim of this document is to set a security awareness program which shows ten major key security findings. The document will also include a risk assessment of the current security awareness practices, processes and practices. By having this document, the organization will be able to have a well-organized maintenance plan. It is also important in maintaining and establishing an information-security awareness program (United States, 2000).
Background
The mission of the organization is to provide efficient IT services with the best security program in place with an aim of protecting organizations assets.
1. Technical infrastructure
The organization is engaged in short-term effort aiming at modernizing its information-processing infrastructure. These efforts have incorporated software enhancements, installation of firewalls and high end network systems for an improved communication. The senior information officer is the one who is responsible top oversee modernization effort. He has of late completed conducting a security awareness program and deployment of the organization’s LAN (Local area Network). The hardware being used is of CISCO products.
2. Computing Environment
The organization’s desktop computers are of Windows 2007/ 98 and 95. The servers are of Pentium with over 1 GB RAM. The current NOS (Network operating system) are window based.
3. Security Posture of the Organization
The organization has a basic network structure with only one router which acts as a firewall. It has several working stations and switches to this working stations. In addition the organization has installed Kasperky’s antivirus in of their desktop machines with a motive of reducing external threats. The data server is highly secured with Kaspersky’s antivirus. The organization physical sec ...
Research on Privacy Protection in Big Data EnvironmentIJERA Editor
Now big data has become a hot topic in academia and industry, it is affecting the mode of thinking and working, daily life. But there are many security risks in data collection, storage and use. Privacy leakage caused serious problems to the user, false data will lead to error results of big data analysis. This paper first introduces the security problems faced by big data,analyzes the causes of privacy problems,discussesthe principle to solve the problem. Finally,discusses technical means for privacy protection.
Research on Privacy Protection in Big Data EnvironmentIJERA Editor
Now big data has become a hot topic in academia and industry, it is affecting the mode of thinking and working, daily life. But there are many security risks in data collection, storage and use. Privacy leakage caused serious problems to the user, false data will lead to error results of big data analysis. This paper first introduces the security problems faced by big data,analyzes the causes of privacy problems,discussesthe principle to solve the problem. Finally,discusses technical means for privacy protection.
Data Privacy, Data Security, and Data Protection are three terms that are commonly renowned these days, as the entire internet is based on data and to make sure that nobody uses it negatively awareness of these three terms is crucial. In this blog, we will understand more about security and its importance in data privacy.
Similar to Protection and defense against sensitive data leakage problem within organizations (20)
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
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The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
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- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
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GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
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The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Knowledge engineering: from people to machines and back
Protection and defense against sensitive data leakage problem within organizations
1. European Journal of Business and Management
www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online)
Vol.5, No.23, 2013
Protection and Defense against Sensitive Data Leakage Problem
within Organizations
1-Sahem A. Nawafleh
E-business & E-commerce department - University Of Petra
2-Muneer Y. F. Hasan
Management information system department - University Of Petra
3-Yousef Nawafleh
The Jordanian Ministry of Justice
4-Suha Amin A. Rahman Fakhouri
AL-Ghad international medicl science colleges
Abstract
Information security has never been as important as it is today for the business, health, and educational organizations,
in addition to individuals because many organizations around the world depend, today, on reliable information to
perform their daily tasks. Additionally, the information needs to be timely, accurate, complete, valid, consistent and
relevant to
any use on the organization. The information, confidentiality, is measured as a main topic for many
organizations around the world that attempt to find the best way to protect them from hackers' attacks, so it is possible
for organizations and individuals to protect themselves by being skilled on the importance of security and gaining
awareness of the possible security attacks that they may encounter. This paper proposed an integrated solution for
preventing and reducing intentional sensitive data leakage actions through implementing a series of effective
procedures, for instance: monitoring user’s actions, protecting sensitive data properly against any intentional or
accidental leaks, and guarantee these data not to be reached to the wrong individuals or groups from inside/outside
the organization. The proposed sensitive Data Leakage Prevention (DLP) solution involves identification, monitoring,
and protecting three groups of significant organization's data: data at rest, data in use, and data in motion.
Index Terms : Sensitive data, Data Leakage,
Data Leakage Prevention (DLP) solution,
Acceptable Use of Information (AUI),
Data in use, Data at rest, Data in motion.
1.
Introduction
Nowadays, Information Security became a vital and a major subject especially with the spreading of information
sharing among private and public networks for all organizations across different industrial sectors e.g. telecom,
banking and education all over the world. The importance of securing information is playing a significant role
especially when sharing, distributing, accessing and publishing any information that's been classified as a
sensitive either for the organization itself or the clients whom sharing their private information with the
organization, like information that has been stored, shared, distributed and viewed through the electronic
document systems and/or images of paper document systems which is widely used by a lot of organizations.
Many organizations have a great deal of attention that has been given to protect their sensitive data from outside
threats by using a set of security countermeasures like: intrusion prevention systems, firewalls, and management
of thevulnerable points inside them. So, organizations must now turn their attention to equal critical situations
that forms, for them, as a big challenge today’s: the problem of data leaking or loss from the inside.
In fact, in many organizations, there is a gap in controlling, monitoring, and protecting its business environment
and electronic data assets from leakage or loss to the wrong individuals or groups intentionally or accidentally.
This gap is now ubiquitous in businesses, health, educational organizations and individuals who are needed to
communicate with each other over the Internet networks. In our days, many electronic communications which
are used heavily inside any organization for many purposes ,for instance: local mail, instant messaging, web mail,
transferring data files , and also organization's website, are still used largely in different destinations without any
limitations, monitoring , and controlling for its movements from the organization, thus the expected result for
this issue that there is a huge potential confidential information of the organization to surely fall into the wrong
hands. From this significant point, this organization's sensitive data should be protected very well or will be
faced with tragedy results like: business loss, reputation damage, bad publicity, strategic customer loss, and loss
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2. European Journal of Business and Management
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ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online)
Vol.5, No.23, 2013
of the competitor with other organizations. As a result, any organization that uses a similar electronic document
system must keep a close eye for securing sensitive information that is going forth/back through this system or
the application to maintain business continuity and reputation and to ensure regulations, law compliance along
with differentiating from others.
In this paper we talk about one of the most new methodologies and techniques solution that has been raised to
the top is the Data Leakage Prevention (DLP) solution which is basically protecting sensitive data of an
organization from being viewed by wrong individuals, being from outside the organization, or even from inside
it. This basically means that specific data can be viewed by only a specific set of an authorized individuals or
groups [3]. The sensitive Data leakage prevention (DLP) became one of the most critical issues that faces Chief
Information Officers (CIOs), Chief Security Officers (CSOs), and Chief Information Security Officers (CISOs).
On the other hand, the DLP's solution is considered as one of the most vital security approaches and techniques
that effectively assist organizations today in protecting the organization's sensitive data from leaking into the
wrong hands. It's playing a major role as a part of the overall information security system framework that can
integrate with existing infrastructure and systems like electronic document management systems to provide a
comprehensive , holistic and effective information security strategy inside the organization [5].
2.
Background
Many published papers and reports talk about the importance of (1) identification of sensitive data in any
organization, (2) applying a suitable information policy to protect it from leakage into the wrong hands, (3)
finally explain the benefits that any organization can gain from preventing data leakage and prove this issue that
can be satisfied by controlling and monitoring the document viewer side. Eric Maiwald thinks that the
identification of information policy within any organization is considered as the most important part according to
many justifications like [1]:
(i) The information policy defines what sensitive data is within the organization and that data should be
protected. This policy should be constructed to cover all data within the organization.
(ii) Each employee is responsible for protecting sensitive data that comes into the employee's
possession.
These data can be in the form of electronic documents or paper records, thus the organization's policy must take
both into account.
(iii) To protect your data from leakage you must classify the data documents into a set of levels according to
their importance like:
1- Public Classification (lowest level):
The data are not sensitive and can be provided to the public.
2- Private Classification (Medium level):
The data are confidential and can be provided only to the authorized employees or to other
organizations.
3- Sensitive Data Classification (Highes level):
The data are very sensitive and must be restricted to a limited number of employees within the
organization. These data must be protected well by not provided to all employees or to the individuals
outside of the organization.
(iv) The information policy must address how sensitive data is transmitted. The sensitive data can be
transmitted through a number of ways such as (Email, Fax, and so on), and the policy should address each
of them very well.
Securosis -information security company- report which published on Feb/2009 described the
(A)
Main features of Data
Leakage Prevention (DLP) life cycle, where all these
(B)
features are tied together in the DLP cycle as the following [7]:
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Fig1: DLP Features Cycle [7]
1. Define: The first feature which concerns with building a proper organization information policy that
defines the data to be protected, and how to protect it very well.
2. Discover: The second feature which uses the DLP solution to find the definition data throughout the
organization. And then relocate or remove information where it shouldn’t be.
3. Monitor: The third feature which concerns in track usage of the defined data at risk, in motion, and in use.
Then it can generate a proper warning alert if and only if any organization's Information policy had been
violated.
4. Protect: The fourth feature which concerns with protecting sensitive data from leaking by quarantine emails,
relocate files, block copies to portable storage, and other enforcement actions.
(B) Define Data Leakage Prevention concept as
"Products that, based on central policies, identify, monitor,
and protect data at risk, in
motion, and in use through deep content
analysis". This definition contains
the core
components of a DLP solution: centralized
management, identification of defined data,
monitoring of usage, and protection from
policy violations. A DLP solution can do
this in data storage,
on networks, and on
employees' computers, using advanced
analysis techniques, thus this solution can
provide better protection and more cost
effective in the long term.
(C) They expected more benefits that can be gained from implementing a proper DLP solution within any
organization like the following [7]:
Risk Reduction: You can reduce the risk of threats and the possibility of data leakage by knowing where
your data is stored and how it’s being used.
Cost Savings: DLP solution may help to reduce other costs associated with data management and security.
Compliance support: DLP solution helps to reduce the direct costs associated with some regulatory compliance
from all employees within the organization.
Policy enforcement: Many data management policies in different organizations are difficult or impossible to
enforce. The DLP solution supports enforcement of Acceptable Use of Information (AUI), not just security
controls.
Data security and Threat management:
While no security tool stops all threats, DLP solution reduces the risk of certain malicious activity.
on March 2008, many of specialized corporations such as International Data Corporation (IDC), which is a
leading center in the world of information security researches' and analysis specifically for many sectors such as:
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Vol.5, No.23, 2013
information technology, and telecommunications. Its report which was published to demonstrate the dangers of
accidental exposure for organization's sensitive data and considered it as the number one threat. [8].
At the end of the same year, another study for the same corporation has shown many important facts like: 80
percent of respondents in the survey have agreed on that data security was one of the biggest challenges facing
them, and with 50 percent of respondents have possessed a good experience to deal with incidents of leakage of
sensitive data inside different sectors of the organization. [9]
Another important IDC’s survey indicated that the problem of intellectual property has now become one of the
most acute problems that faces many organizations today, especially for the sensitive data leakage problem. 81
percent of those surveyed saw that Information Protection and Control (IPC) – can definitely be considered, as
monitoring, encrypting, filtering, and blocking sensitive data contained in data at risk, data in motion, and data in
use, as an important part of the overall strategy to protect the data within the organization.
The highest priority of information protection and control (IPC) solution was data leakage prevention (DLP)
which deployed at the organization’s perimeter and on all endpoint computers within the organization. [8]
Fig2: Importance of monitoring employee use [8]
The respondents to IDC’s survey demonstrated the importance of [monitoring employee use] and showed that
the accidental or intentional exposure of confidential information of the organization, is ranging from legally
protected personal information to intellectual property and any significant secrets about organization, is
something that affects on the IT environment in its widest sense, involving lost or stolen laptops, hacking
employees' emails and any other vital applications for them. Nowadays, the main challenge for many
organizations is not how to find the best way to protect the sensitive data from the threat or corruption of
malware programs , but just how it can add a proper second security layer that can prevent data that's being
accessed if it is lost.
A Sophos white paper which published on Feb/2009 under the title “Stopping Data Leakage” demonstrated the
importance of enabling DLP solution within the organization by creating and enforcing an Acceptable Use Policy
(AUP) to support any attempts to stop data leaking from the organization. It also proposed three steps to make an
AUP success [5]:
Step (1): Create the suitable policy within the organization.
Step (2): Educate employees and users about the policy.
Step (3): Enforce the policy properly.
The AUP should cover many issues that are very important for the employees within the organization to be
known for them clearly such as [5]:
i. Determine clearly what information or documents must not be emailed.
ii. Determine whose persons or organizations are authorized to access, receive, and see the sensitive data
documents.
iii. Determine what operations/actions are allowed on the sensitive data documents.
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iv. The organizational policy in sending a specific document over the web or downloading it from the web.
v. The organizational policy on storing sensitive data on desktops, PC’s, laptops, and so on.
3.
Main Work
Nowadays, many business organizations have become vastly depending on online transactions; to complete its
works efficiently and accurately, thus saving time and cost for them. This option makes a big chance for
transferring data between many nodes within the organization in a more flexible way, but at the same time it
faces many challenges and limitations for instance finds the best way for monitoring, keeping, and preventing
data from leakage to unauthorized people. Many organizations over the world find themselves, after years of
enforcing viruses, intrusions, and email spam problems, facing a significant new security issue but it becomes
more important in huge data leakage. Therefore, different organizations sectors today (e.g. Health, telecom,
banking, and education) are becoming increasingly more aware of the acute need to control, very well, the
information that flows into, through and out of their own networks.
One of these solutions is a DLP Solution which is considered as the best solution that can be used by the
organizations and vendors who are offering services or products to prevent
Sensitive data from reaching to
unauthorized
persons and others [4]. The most important
part in any DLP solution involves developing
awareness training courses for the users to achieve data leakage prevention through teaching them how to deal
with
expected security attacks that can happen for them at any moment. However, this solution does not
guarantee a complete protection as data leakage may occur intentionally by leaking data or accidentally by
sending data to wrong receivers.
The main contribution of this paper is describing a new security solution [DLP Solution] which can be used
effectively in reducing intentional sensitive data leakage actions through monitoring user’s actions properly.
On the other hand, this solution can be regarded as “integrated” if and only if it is able to:
• Protecting the organization's sensitive data against any accidental or intentional leakage.
• Securing the organization's sensitive data so that, if it leaked or lost, it cannot easily be read by others.
4.
The Process of Identifying
Sensitive Data
Sensitive data is any data that when it leaks, it can cause harm to somebody or an organization.
Sensitive data may contain:
1- Personal Information
2- Information about the organization.
There are various examples of sensitive data:
Social Security number (SSN).
Credit card number.
Personal information about patients.
Financial data of the organization.
Personal information about students.
Students’ records (study plans, marks).
Employees personal information.
Research data within the university.
University special Legal data.
5.
The Process of Identifying Sensitive
Data Leakage Prevention (DLP) Solution
Data Leakage Prevention (DLP) is a computer security term that involves the identification, monitoring,
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and protecting three groups of organizing data [7]:
6.
Data at Risk
“Data at Risk” is a recorded and stored data in media storage or any data that resides in filing systems, databases
and other storage methods [3, 6]. This data can be regarded as “Secure” if and only if:
• The data is protected by strong encryption (where “strong encryption” is defined as “encryption requiring a
computationally infeasible amount of time to brute force attack”).
• The key (required to decrypt the data) is (i) not presenting to the media itself (ii) not present on the node
associated with the media; and (iii) is of sufficient length and randomness to be functionally immune to a
dictionary attack.
7.
Data in Use
• “Data in Use” is all data that is not at risk state, and only on one particular node in a network (for example,
in resident memory, swap, processor cache or disk cache, or memory) [3, 6]. This data can be regarded as
“Secure” if and only If:
• The Access to the memory is thoroughly controlled (the process that accessed the storage media data and
read it into memory is the only process that has an access to the memory.
• Regardless of how the process (the owner of the data) terminates, (either by successful completion, killing
the process, or shutting down the computer), the data cannot be retrieved from any location other than the
original at risk state, requiring re-authorization.
8.
Data in Motion
• Or “Data in Transit” is all data being transferred between two nodes in a network [3, 6]. This data can be
regarded as “Secure” if and only if:
• Both nodes (the source and the receiver of the data) are capable of protecting the data in the previous two
classifications from any threats.
• The communication between the two hosts is identified, authenticated, authorized, and private; meaning
that no third node over the network can overhear the communication between the two endpoint nodes.
9.
Data Leakage Prevention (DLP) Techniques
Protecting those data groups is achieved through the following techniques that can be found in DLP literature
[ 6]:
• Deep content inspection (Advanced Option).
• Contextual security analysis of transaction (attributes of originator, data object, medium, timing, and
recipient/destination).
• A centralized management framework. The systems are designed to detect and prevent the unauthorized use
and transmission of confidential information.
10. How is Data Leakage Prevention (DLP) different from other security technologies?
Conventional security tools that have been in use, such as firewalls and An Intrusion detection system (IDS)
/Intrusion prevention system (IPS) look for anything that can form or pose a threat to the organization's
information and then obtain set of steps to deal with these threats. But Data leakage prevention (DLP) solution is
interested in identifying the sensitive data inside the organization and then the first option is monitoring the
users’ usage and the last option is preventing them from leakage to unauthorized organizations or people [3].
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11. DLP Integrated Solution
The truth is that, most business organizations in the world across different sectors (governmental establishments,
ministries, specialized companies, banks, and universities), for example, don’t have enough technical staff,
governmental /special funds, resources, and they need for intensive efforts to implement suitable security
requirements within the sturdy strategy security plan to face the data leakage problem effectively.
Accordingly, an urgent need emerged for organizations to implement a series of new security solutions that
combine the features of a DLP solution with other security tools to provide an integrated solution to this problem
from its roots. Hence, this paper has proposed an integrated solution based on the achievement of two main
phases [Two Layers of Defense], which can be summarized as following:
Phase (1): (First layer of defense)
Protecting sensitive data of an organization
Endpoint protection (Protecting Data inside Organization): The proposed procedures to guarantee endpoint
nodes inside the organization are safely.
Table 1: Endpoint Protection Procedures
Prohibiting the use of non-necessary applications such
as wireless network connections, sharing files, FTP
clients, instant messaging service (IM), and
unauthorized email clients. Therefore, all employees
should be fully aware of the dangers of sending and
sharing organization’s data via these applications.
Blocking different spyware programs that can be used
effectively by information's hackers in hacking
sensitive data of an organization by using powerful
anti-malware solutions.
Checking carefully that every PC connected to network
within the organization is compatible with the
organization’s security policy.
Managing properly access operations to any type of
portable storage devices such as USB keys and others.
Consequently, these devices can cause a high security
risk within any organization, because they can be easily
lost.
Gateway protection (Protecting Data outside Organization): At present, many organizations have their own
websites and e-mail; these may contain a lot of security functions that can be used to prevent
sensitive/confidential data from being sent outside the organization or to un-authorized users within the
organization.These Features include:
Table 2: Gateway Protection Procedures
Monitoring and Controlling users from accessing particular
websites, well-known webmail sites (e.g. Yahoo! Mail and
Google email), and applications which can cause a serious
threat to the organization itself.
Preventing users from uploading or downloading certain
types of data files and warn them clearly from unauthorized
file types which are received in their emails.
Controlling and blocking the unauthorized use of Instant
Messaging (IM) and FTP traffic between the users
themselves or with other users/organizations from outside.
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Adopting a series of preventive measures to protect against
“drive-by-downloads” feature’s which secretly place
specific spyware code on the user’s PC when they
accidentally visit a particular sabotage website.
Consequently, these tricks require from the users' within the
organization to be well aware the seriousness of these
threats if occurred.
Verifying the contents of web traffic periodically to ensure
it is free from any Viruses, spyware, and malware. On the
other hand, being confident that these programs will not be
downloaded into the user’s PC.
Scanning accurately the Contents of email messages and
attachments of various kinds to control and prevent
sensitive data from leakage by identifying a specific
keywords relating to confidential data of the organization.
Phase (2): (Second layer of defense)
Securing sensitive data of an organization
In fact, despite of having the best solutions for data leakage problem and the best policies for securing the
sensitive data of an organization, there still a possibility of leakage or loss at any moment in the wrong hands
intentionally or accidentally. So it is essential to have a second layer of defense [Encryption Sensitive Data].
Data encryption is considered as one of the traditional methods that have been used effectively for a long period
to protect data when moving from one place to another. Over the past years, many researchers and specialists in
information security agreed on that the percentage of the potential risk, for the organization itself or the users,
will be reduced if data had been encrypted very well compared with non-encrypted data. If the organization
wants to secure its sensitive data and devices, they should:
Table 3: Secure Data Procedures
Perform full disk encryption for PC’s,
laptops, and notebooks according to their
importance.
Encrypt sensitive data which are stored on
removable storage devices (e.g. USB drives,
CDs and DVDs).
Encrypt E-mail’s content to prevent
unauthorized users from reading them.
Encrypting sensitive data and devices, that is used in the organization, this way indicate that both are subsisted in
a safe mode, even if they reached the wrong hands. But the main question which must take into consideration;
whether if encrypting sensitive data only, is enough to protect it from any risk
12. Conclusion
Sensitive Data leakage prevention problem, become as one of the most vital security issues facing Organizations
today. The most effective solution to the problem is to see Data Leakage Prevention solution (DLP) as part of the
overall security problem. This solution can be integrated fully with other security tools within organization to
form a comprehensive security strategy plan to protect these data properly .DLP solution can be used effectively
in reducing intentional sensitive data leakage actions through monitoring user’s actions and protecting three
groups of organizing data: data at risk, data in use, and data in motion. This solution can be regarded as
“integrated” through the achievement of two main phases [two layers of defense]: protecting sensitive data and
securing sensitive data of an organization. The organization also needs to create an Acceptable Use Policy (AUP)
for users, at the same time ensuring both are compliant with organizational policies.
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To avoid data leakage, organizations must evaluate their weakness and respond appropriately in many ways like:
Endpoints protection, Gateway protection, and encryption data.
13. References
[1] Eric Maiwald, “Fundamentals of Network Security”, McGraw-Hill November 2003.
[2] John M. Carrol, “Computer Security”, Third Edition Butterworth-Heinemann 1996.
[3] Prathaben Kanagasingham, “Data Loss Prevention” (Aug/2008), Retrieved November
14, 2009 from http://www.sans.org/reading_room/whitepapers/dlp/data_loss_prevention_32883.
[4] Sans Security Institute, “SANS What Works in Data Leakage Prevention & Encryption
Summit” (Jan/2010), Retrieved January 16, 2010 from http://www.sans.org/data-leakage-prevention2010.
[5] Sophos Institute, "Stopping data leakage: Making the most of your security budget", Published 19
November 2009, Retrieved January 18, 2010 from
http://viewer.bitpipe.com/viewer/viewDocument.do?accessId=11492295.
[6] Sans Security Institute and Securosis, "Understanding and Selecting A Data Loss Prevention Solution"
(2009), Retrieved January 24, 2010 from http://www.websense.com/site/Docs/whitepapers/en
/Understanding_and_selectinga_DLP_solution_wp. Pdf.
[7] Securosis Information Security Research and Analysis, "The Executive Guide to Dat Loss Prevention" (2009),
Retrieved January 24/ 2010 from http://www.websense.com/site/docs/whitepapers/en/Mogull_DLP_WP.pdf.
[8] IDC, “Information Protection and Control Survey: Data Loss Prevention and Encryption Trends”, Doc #
211109, March 2008, Last accessed August 24, 2010
[9] www.networkworld.com/news/2009/011409. Encryption-told-to-stop-ignoring.html? fsrc=rsssecurity, Last accessed August 24, 2010.
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