Properties of sound
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The document discusses key properties and concepts related to sound, including: 1. A sound wave is a longitudinal wave caused by vibrations that travels through a substance. The medium is the substance that allows the wave to travel. 2. Pitch is a measure of how high or low a sound is perceived and depends on the frequency of the sound wave. Frequency is the number of waves that pass per second and is measured in Hertz. 3. The range of hearing for different animals is provided, with humans able to hear between 20-20,000 Hz. Ultrasonic sounds have a frequency too high for humans to hear.
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Ch.12.less.2.what are the properties of sound [autosaved] [recovered]
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1) The document discusses the electromagnetic spectrum, which is made up of different types of electromagnetic waves ranging from gamma rays to radio waves.
2) It explains that electromagnetic waves, including visible light, transfer energy and have different wavelengths and frequencies, though all travel at the same speed in a vacuum.
3) Radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, visible light, ultraviolet light, and other types of electromagnetic waves are described along with their common uses such as broadcasting, communication, heating food, night vision, and more.
Interactive textbook ch 23 light and our world
Ray diagrams can be used to represent the path of light waves as they interact with mirrors and lenses. There are three types of mirrors: plane mirrors form reversed virtual images, concave mirrors can form real or virtual images depending on the object's position, and convex mirrors always form smaller virtual images. Concave lenses only form virtual images while convex lenses can form real or virtual images depending on the object's distance from the lens.
Interactive textbook ch. 18 sec 1 magnets & magnetism
Magnets have two poles, north and south, and exert magnetic forces on each other and other objects. Earth itself acts like a giant magnet, with its magnetic north pole located near its geographic south pole. Materials are magnetic if their atomic domains are aligned, allowing their magnetic fields to combine. There are different types of magnets including permanent and electromagnets. Earth's rotation creates electric currents in its liquid outer core, generating the planet's magnetic field.
Interactive textbook ch. 17 introduction to electricity
1) Friction and induction are the two main causes of static electricity.
2) Static electricity builds up in clouds during thunderstorms as water droplets, ice, and air move within the storm cloud, transferring negative charges.
3) Lightning rods help protect buildings by providing a path for the electric charges from lightning to safely move to the ground through the rod's wire connection.
Interactive textbook ch. 15 sec 2 & 3 acids and bases
This document provides information about acids and bases. It discusses strong versus weak acids and bases, and how strength is determined by the number of ions formed when dissolved in water. A neutralization reaction occurs when acids and bases mix, forming water and salts. The pH scale is used to measure acidity and basicity, with values below 7 being acidic and above 7 being basic. Living things require a stable pH level in their environment to survive.
Interactive textbook ch. 14 chemical reactions
A chemical reaction occurs when substances break apart or combine to form new substances with different chemical properties. A chemical equation represents a chemical reaction using chemical symbols and formulas, with reactants written before an arrow and products written after. It is important that chemical equations are balanced to obey the law of conservation of mass, which states the total mass is the same for reactants and products.
Interactive textbook ch. 13 chemical bonding
Ionic bonds form when valence electrons are transferred from metal atoms to nonmetal atoms, resulting in positively charged metal ions and negatively charged nonmetal ions that are attracted to each other. Metal atoms easily lose electrons to achieve stable full outer energy levels, while nonmetal atoms gain electrons for the same reason. The ions associate in repeating three-dimensional crystal lattices to form solid ionic compounds that are brittle with high melting points and often dissolve in water.
Interactive textbook ch. 12 periodic table
The document summarizes key aspects of the periodic table, including:
1) Mendeleev arranged elements on cards based on properties and discovered a repeating pattern when ordered by atomic mass, leading to the creation of the periodic table.
2) The periodic table shows elements arranged in order of atomic number and classified as metals, nonmetals, and metalloids, with metals having properties like conductivity.
3) The modern periodic table has rows called periods and columns called groups that show repeating trends in properties across and down the table.
Interactive textbook ch. 11 introduction to atoms
1) The atomic theory has changed over time as scientists gathered new evidence and information. John Dalton proposed the first scientific atomic theory in 1803, stating that all matter is made of atoms that cannot be created, destroyed, or divided.
2) In the late 19th century, scientists like J.J. Thomson discovered smaller particles called electrons within atoms. Thomson proposed the "plum pudding" model where electrons were scattered throughout the atom.
3) Ernest Rutherford's gold foil experiment in 1909 showed that atoms have a small, dense nucleus at their center. This led to Rutherford's nuclear model of the atom. Niels Bohr later incorporated electron orbits into this model.
Interactive textbook ch. 10 heat and heat technology
Thermal energy is the total kinetic energy of particles that make up a substance. Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between objects at different temperatures - it always flows from warmer objects to cooler ones. Thermal energy can be transferred through three processes: conduction (direct contact), convection (transfer of heat by a moving fluid like air or water), and radiation (transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves). Good conductors allow easy transfer of thermal energy through conduction, while insulators inhibit such transfer.
Interactive textbook ch. 9 energy and energy resources
The document summarizes energy conversions. It provides examples of potential energy converting to kinetic energy, such as a skateboarder gaining kinetic energy when going down a half-pipe after gaining potential energy going up. Another example is a stretched rubber band, where elastic potential energy converts to kinetic energy of motion when released. Chemical energy from food is also converted by the body into other usable energy forms.
Interactive textbook ch. 5 matter in motion
Forces have both direction and size. A net force is determined by adding all forces acting on an object. A balanced net force of 0 N means the object will not change its motion, while an unbalanced net force not equal to 0 N will cause a change in the object's motion. Examples given include a chair with balanced forces so it does not move, and a soccer ball kicked with an unbalanced force that changes its motion.
Interactive textbook ch. 4 elements, compounds & mixtures
This document provides an overview of elements, compounds, and mixtures. It begins by defining an element as a pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances. Elements are classified as metals, nonmetals, or metalloids based on their physical properties. Compounds are then defined as pure substances composed of two or more elements chemically bonded together in specific ratios. Compounds have unique physical and chemical properties that differ from their component elements. The document concludes by explaining that mixtures are physical combinations of elements or compounds that maintain their individual identities and can typically be separated.
Interactive textbook ch. 4 elements, compounds & mixtures
This document provides an overview of elements, compounds, and mixtures. It begins by defining an element as a pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances. Elements are classified as metals, nonmetals, or metalloids based on their physical properties. Compounds are then defined as pure substances composed of two or more elements chemically bonded together in specific ratios. Compounds have unique physical and chemical properties that differ from their component elements. The document concludes by explaining that mixtures are physical combinations of elements or compounds that maintain their individual identities and can typically be separated.
Interactive textbook ch. 2 & 3 the properties & states of matter
Density is a physical property that describes how mass and volume are related in an object. It is calculated by dividing an object's mass by its volume. Knowing an object's density can help identify it, as different substances have different characteristic densities. For example, a golf ball has a higher density than a ping pong ball of similar size because it contains more mass in the same volume. Density is measured in units of mass per unit volume, such as grams per cubic centimeter.
Interactive textbook ch. 1 the world of physical science
The document summarizes the scientific method process used by two engineers, James Czarnowski and Michael Triantafyllou, to improve ship propulsion systems. (1) The engineers observed that ships use a lot of fuel and penguins are efficient swimmers. (2) They hypothesized that a propulsion system imitating a penguin's wing movements would be more efficient than propellers. (3) To test their hypothesis, they conducted experiments comparing propeller-driven boats to designs with movable panels resembling penguin wings.
Interactive Textbook Ch. 22 The Nature of Light
1) The document discusses the electromagnetic spectrum, which is made up of different types of electromagnetic waves ranging from gamma rays to radio waves.
2) It explains that electromagnetic waves, including visible light, transfer energy and have different wavelengths and frequencies, though all travel at the same speed in a vacuum.
3) Radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, visible light, ultraviolet light, and other types of electromagnetic waves are described along with their common uses such as broadcasting, communication, heating food, night vision, and more.
Interactive Textbook Ch. 20 The Energy of Waves
1. The document discusses key properties of waves including amplitude, wavelength, frequency, and speed. It defines each property and explains how it relates to the energy carried by a wave.
2. Amplitude is the maximum distance of vibration from the rest position, and waves with larger amplitudes carry more energy since they require more energy to form. Wavelength is the distance between two identical points on waves, and waves with shorter wavelengths have more energy.
3. Frequency is the number of waves passing a point per unit time, measured in Hertz. Higher frequency waves have more energy than lower frequency ones. Wave speed depends on the medium and can be calculated using the equation that relates speed, wavelength, and frequency.
Interactive Textbook Ch. 20 The Energy of Waves
1. The document discusses key properties of waves including amplitude, wavelength, frequency, and speed. It defines each property and explains how it relates to the energy carried by a wave.
2. Amplitude is the maximum distance of vibration from the rest position, and waves with larger amplitudes carry more energy since they require more energy to form. Wavelength is the distance between two identical points on waves, and waves with shorter wavelengths have more energy.
3. Frequency is the number of waves passing a point per unit time, measured in Hertz. Higher frequency waves have more energy than lower frequency ones. Wave speed depends on the medium and can be calculated using the equation that relates speed, wavelength, and frequency.
Interactive Textbook Ch. 8 Work and Machines
Machines make work easier by reducing the amount of force needed. A machine transfers the input force applied over a greater distance to increase the output force. This allows the same amount of work to be done with less input force. For example, a screwdriver acts as a lever to pry open a paint can lid, applying a smaller force over a greater distance to generate a larger output force on the lid.
More from tiffanysci (20)
Interactive textbook ch. 18 sec 1 magnets & magnetism
Interactive textbook ch. 18 sec 1 magnets & magnetism
Interactive textbook ch. 17 introduction to electricity
Interactive textbook ch. 17 introduction to electricity
Interactive textbook ch. 15 sec 2 & 3 acids and bases
Interactive textbook ch. 15 sec 2 & 3 acids and bases
Interactive textbook ch. 10 heat and heat technology
Interactive textbook ch. 10 heat and heat technology
Interactive textbook ch. 9 energy and energy resources
Interactive textbook ch. 9 energy and energy resources
Interactive textbook ch. 4 elements, compounds & mixtures
Interactive textbook ch. 4 elements, compounds & mixtures
Interactive textbook ch. 4 elements, compounds & mixtures
Interactive textbook ch. 4 elements, compounds & mixtures
Interactive textbook ch. 2 & 3 the properties & states of matter
Interactive textbook ch. 2 & 3 the properties & states of matter
Interactive textbook ch. 1 the world of physical science
Interactive textbook ch. 1 the world of physical science
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- 1. Students measured and recorded the density of 4 samples. Using the density column and the data table shown above, which of the samples will probably float on top of the oil? F Sample A G Sample B H Sample C J Sample D
- 7. • A Sound Wave is a longitudinal wave caused by vibrations and carried through a substance. • A Medium is a substance through which a wave can travel.
- 8. Sound Pitch is a measure of how high or low a sound is perceived, depending on the frequency of the sound wave. Frequency - the number of waves that pass a certain point in a certain amount of time Frequency is measured in Hertz (1 Hz = 1 wave per second)
- 9. Frequency and Hearing Animal Frequency Range in Hertz 1. Bats 2,000 to 110,000 2. Dogs 67 to 45,000 3. Humans 20 to 20,000
- 10. Ultrasonic are sounds that have a frequency to high for people.
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- 12. Sound Loudness is measure of how well a sound can be heard.
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