The document presents a project aimed at enhancing the tribological properties of 15W40 engine oil. It discusses adding nanoparticles like ZDDP, MoS2, and WS2 as additives to base oil. The methodology involves studying research papers on tribology and oil additives, selecting three best nanoparticle samples, preparing the oil samples, and conducting experiments to test the tribological properties. Calculations are shown for 9 different formulations with varying weight percentages of the three additives added to 150ml of base oil. The goal is to improve properties like viscosity, wear resistance, and increase engine life.

1. Title: To Enhance The Tribological Properties
Of 15W40 Engine Oil
Presented By
1)Mr. Guldagad Abhishek Vinaykumar 2)Mr. Irabattin Rushikesh Vyankatesh
3)Mr. Korde Sagar Bharat 4)Mr. Jamdar Akash Balasaheb
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Prof. A. S. Aher Dr. K.B. Kale
(Guided By) (H.O.D)
(Non Sponsored)

2. PROJECT CONTENT :
Introduction
Problem statement
Need of project
Literature survey of project
Literature Gap
Objectives
Methodology
Project work involved
Proposed conclusion
References

3. Introduction:
In every mechanical system where the surface contact is
happened like wear, friction, noise generation etc. the proper
lubrication is essential for avoiding engine maintenance cost
and to increase engine life.
To reduce friction and wear, nanoparticles have been used as
lubricant additives that have promising effects on friction and
wear reduction especially in automotive industry
It reducing especially high loads, damages served to engine
and saving costs of fuel consumption
15W40 is a number code to specify the range of viscosities of
engine oils at specific test temperatures established by the
Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE).

4. Problem statement:
In various mechanical systems the conventional lubricants are used
consist of different types of conventional additives. Conventional
additives have few limitations at heavy loads. They are not able to
maintain their original properties and shows poor lubricating and
anti-wear properties at heavy loads.

5. Need of project:
To reduce the wear and friction of engine parts.
To control maintenance and operation costs by increasing the
life of engine parts.
To increase the tribological properties like viscosity, viscosity
index etc.
To increase the life of engine.
As , the no. of vehicles are increasing rapidly but the sources
of oil is limited, by this project we are trying to make oil
which has high tribological properties as compared to general
oil.

6. Literature survey of project:
Paper
No.
Name of the paper and
journal conference
Name of
author
Publication
year
Concluding remarks
1. Research progress of nano
lubricating additives
Ting Li, et.al 2021 The addition of nanomaterials
in the field of tribological
lubrication improving the
resistance of traditional
lubricants to wear has been
significantly improved.
2. A Study on the Tribological
Performance of Nanolubricants
Yeoh Jun Jie
Jason, et.al
2020 The size, concentration, and
morphology of nanoparticles
are relevant to the
improvement of
tribological characteristics. in
base oils.

8. Paper
No.
Name of the paper and
journal conference
Name of
author
Publication
year
Concluding remarks
3. Experimental Analysis of
Lubricating Oil Using
Nanoparticles as Modifiers for
Tribological Properties
Mr.Nikam
M.M, et.al
2018 Addition of molybdenum
sulphide and copper oxide in
base oil(SAE 20W30
mineral oil) increases the
flash and fire point of
sample.
4. A Review on Tribological
Properties of Various Lubricant
Mixtures and Additives
Ms. Ruchira P.
Pokharkar,et.al
2017 Load carrying capacity of the
base lubricant can be
improved by the addition of
the nanoparticles. The
positive effect of the nano-
MoS2 is more pronounced
under high contact pressures
as compared with nano-SiO2
because of extreme pressure
effect.

9. Paper
No.
Name of the paper and
journal conference
Name of
author
Publication
year
Concluding remarks
5. Experimental analysis of
tribological properties of
lubricating oil using nanoparticle
additives.
S.N.Mandlik,
et.al
2016 Addition of Nickel (Carbon
Coated) and silicon oxide in
SAE 40 Engine oil increases
the Flash and fire point of
sample. Also increases the
viscosity of oil and decreases
the wear rate of oil.
6. Tribology Properties of
Synthesized Multiscale
Lamellar WS2 and Their
Synergistic Effect with
Anti-Wear Agent ZDDP
Na Wu, et. al 2019 In this work, the multiscale
lamellar-structure WS2
particles with sizes of 2 µm
and 500 nm
were successfully
synthesized by solid-phase
reaction method. Then, the
tribological properties of
multiscale 2H-WS2 and
ZDDP as additives in PAO at
four sliding velocities were
investigated at room
temperature.

10. Paper
No.
Name of the paper and
journal conference
Name of
author
Publication
year
Concluding remarks
7. Tribological properties and
stabilization study of surfactant
modified MoS2 nanoparticle in
15W40 engine oil
Jamale Sonali,
et. al
2014 A very slight improvement in
viscosity of oil was obtained
on the addition of MoS2
nanoparticles. The flash and
fire point, pour point
increased by 5°C and cloud
point decreased by 5°C on
the addition of nanoparticles
in oil.

11. Paper
No.
Name of the paper and
journal conference
Name of
author
Publication
year
Concluding remarks
9. Metal-containing nanomaterials as
lubricant additives: State-of-the-
art and future development
Igor E.
UFLYAND et.
al
2019 Informations about various
nanoparticles , The
tribological mechanism of
nanolubricants should be
studied and examined in
more detail using modern
analytical methods as well as
molecular simulation.

12. Selection of nano-
particles
Oil sample
preparation
Design of
experiment(DOE) Experiment/ Test
Best sample
Tribological
properties
Methodology:

16. Project work involved:
We are searching and studying the different research papers on
tribology about oils.
After that we have to study properties and different additives to
be added in engine oil so we can improve required tribological
properties of oil.
Then we will choose three best samples which fulfill our
requirements.

17. References
 Ting Li1, Xianggang Chen, Junhai Wang, Lixiu Zhang, Xiaoyi Wei, LiboZhao and MengzhouMa
“Research progress of nano lubricating additives. ” IOPSCIENCE
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/680/1/012084, Page No:1, Date: 10 Oct 2021
 Yeoh Jun Jie Jason , Heoy Geok How , Yew Heng Teoh and Hun Guan Chuah “A Study on the
Tribological Performance of Nanolubricants.” https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/8/11/1372 Page
No:1, Date: 29 October 2020
 Mr.Nikam M.M, Mr. Shedage S.B., Mr. Mane B.S., Mr. Gitay A.J, “Experimental Analysis of
Lubricating Oil Using Nanoparticles as Modifiers for Tribological Properties”,
https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q=Experimental+Analysis+of+Lubricating+Oil+Using+Nanoparti
cles+as+Modifiers+for+Tribological+Properties%E2%80%9D,&hl=en&as_sdt=0&as_vis=1&oi=scho
lart IRJET, Date:03 march 2018
 Ms. Ruchira P. Pokharkar, Prof. Dipak S. Bajaj, “A Review on Tribological Properties of Various
Lubricant Mixtures and Additives”, https://www.ijert.org/research/a-review-on-tribological-properties-
of-various-lubricant-mixtures-and-additives-IJERTCONV5IS02002.pdf year: 2017
 S.N.Mandlik , A.C.Mande, Prof. S.R.Nimbalkar, “Experimental analysis of tribological properties of
lubricating oil using nanoparticle additives”
https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.1038.1360&rep=rep1&type=pdf IJARIIE-
ISSN(O)-2395-4396 Year: 2016

18. THANK YOU…

19. 1) 0.1 + 0.1 +0.1 = 0.3%
= 150 X 0.3% = 0.45
= 150-0.45
=149.55 Base oil
•ZDDP(0.1%) = 150 X 0.1%
= 0.15 ml
•MoS2 (0.1%) =150 X 0.1%
= 0.15 ml
= 0.15 X 5.06 ………………………..(Density of MoS2 nanoparticle)
= 0.759 gm
•WS2 (0.1%) = 150 X 0.1%
= 0.15 ml
= 0.15 X 7.4 ………………………..(Density of WS2 nanoparticle)
= 1.11 gm
Calculations:-

20. 3) 0.1+0.3 +0.3 = 0.7%
= 150 X 0.7% = 1.05
= 148.95 Base oil
• ZDDP (0.1%) = 150 ×0.1%
=0.15ml
• MoS2(0.3%) = 150×0.3% = 0.45×5.06
= 2.277 gm
• WS2(0.3%) = 150×0.3% = 0.45×7.4
=3.33 gm
2) 0.1 + 0.2 + 0.2 = 0.5 %
= 150 X 0.5%
= 149.25 Base oil
• ZDDP (0.1%) = 150 ×0.1%
= 0.15ml
• MoS2(0.2%) = 150×0.2% = 0.3×5.06
= 1.518 gm
• WS2(0.2%) = 150×0.2% = 0.3×7.4
=2.22 gm

21. 4) 0.2 + 0.2 + 0.1 = 0.5 %
= 150 × 0.5 % = 0.75
= 149.25 Base oil
•ZDDP (0.2%) = 150 × 0.2%
= 0.30 ml
•MoS2 (0.2%) = 150 × 0.2 %
= 0.3 × 5.06
=1.518 gm
•WS2(0.1%) = 150 × 0.1 %
= 0.15 × 7.4
= 1.11 gm
5) 0.2 + 0.3 + 0.2 = 0.7%
= 150×0.7% = 1.05
= 148.95 Base Oil
•ZDDP (0.2%) = 150 × 0.2%
= 0.3ml
•MoS2 (0.3%) = 150 × 0.3
= 0.45 × 5.06
= 2.277 gm
•WS2 (0.2%) = 150 × 0.2%
= 0.3 × 7.4
= 2.22gm

22. 6) 0.2 + 0.1 + 0.3 = 0.6%
= 150 × 0.6%= 0.9
= 149.1 Base oil
•ZDDP (0.2%) = 150 × 0.2%
= 0.3 ml
• MoS2 (0.1%) = 150 × 0.1%
= 0.15 × 5.06
= 0.759 gm
• WS2 (0.3%) = 150 × 0.3%
= 0.45 × 7.4
= 3.33 gm
7) 0.3 + 0.3 + 0.1 = 0.7%
= 150 × 0.7% = 1.05
= 148.95 Base oil
•ZDDP (0.3%) = 150 X 0.3%
= 0.45 ml
•Mos2(0.3%) = 150 × 0.3%
= 0.45 × 5.06
= 2.277 gm
•Ws2(0.1%) = 150 × 0.1%
= 0.15 × 7.4
= 1.11gm

23. 8) 0.3 + 0.1 + 0.2 = 0.6 %
=150 X 0.6%
= 0.9
•ZDDP(0.3%) = 150 × 0.3%
= 0.45 ml
•Mos2(0.1%) = 150 × 0.1%
= 0.15 × 5.06
= 0.759 gm
•Ws2(0.2%) = 150 × 0.2%
= 0.3 × 7.4
= 2.22 gm
9) 0.3 + 0.2 + 0.3 = 0.8%
= 150 × 0.8% = 1.2
= 148.8 Base Oil
•ZDDP (0.3%) = 150 × 0.3%
= 0.45 ml
•MoS2 (0.2%) = 150 × 0.2%
= 0.3 × 5.06
= 1.518 gm
•WS2 (0.3%) = 150 × 0.3%
= 0.45 × 7.4
= 3.33 gm

24. Sr. No. ZDDP(% by
weight)
MoS2(% by
weight)
WS2(% by
weight)
1. 0.1 0.1 0.1
2. 0.1 0.2 0.2
3. 0.1 0.3 0.3
4. 0.2 0.2 0.1
5. 0.2 0.3 0.2
6. 0.2 0.1 0.3
7. 0.3 0.3 0.1
8. 0.3 0.1 0.2
9. 0.3 0.2 0.3

25. Sr. No. ZDDP
(ml)
MoS2
(gm)
WS2
(gm)
Base oil
(150ml of
15W40)
1. 0.15 0.759 1.11 149.55
2. 0.15 1.518 2.22 149.25
3. 0.15 2.277 3.33 148.95
4. 0.3 1.518 0.11 149.55
5. 0.3 2.277 2.22 148.95
6. 0.3 0.759 3.33 149.1
7. 0.45 2.277 0.11 148.95
8. 0.45 0.759 2.22 149.1
9. 0.45 1.518 3.33 148.8